Chapter 6 Study Guide Microbiology (Bauman 2007)
Objectives
As you work through the activities and practice quizzes for this chapter, keep the following learning objectives in mind. Once you have mastered this chapter, you should be able to:
* Compare the four basic categories of organisms based on their carbon and energy sources.
* Distinguish among anaerobes, aerobes, aerotolerant anaerobes, facultative anaerobes, microaerophiles, and capnophiles.
* Explain how oxygen can be fatal to organisms, and describe how organisms protect themselves from toxic forms of oxygen.
* Name and describe the categories of temperature ranges for growth of microorganisms.
* Explain how extremes of temperature, pH, and osmotic and hydrostatic pressure limit microbial growth.
* Describe how quorum sensing can lead to formation of a biofilm.
* Define a colony, describe how it might look and explain how it is isolated from a streak plate.
* Describe how to do a viable plate count, including dilutions, plating methods, calculations, etc.
* Describe six types of general culture media available for bacterial culture.
* Discuss the 4 other direct methods of measuring bacterial cell numbers.
* Contrast refrigeration, deep freezing, and lyophilization as methods for preserving microorganisms.
* Describe logarithmic growth.
* Explain what is meant by the generation time of bacteria.
* Draw and label a bacterial growth curve.
* Describe what occurs at each phase of a population's growth.
* Contrast direct and indirect methods of measuring bacterial growth.
Vocabulary
Colony
Binary fission
Photoautotroph
Photoheterotroph
chemoheterotroph
chemoautotroph
obligate aerobes
obligate anaerobes
facultative anaerobes
aerotolerant anaerobes
singlet oxygen
catalase
peroxidase
nitrogen fixation
trace elements
optimum growth temperature
minimum growth temperature
maximum growth temperature
psychrophiles
mesophiles
thermophiles
hyperthermophiles
acidopihles
alkalinophiles
osmotic pressure
crenation
biofilm
quorum sensing
inoculum
medium
broth
clinical specimen
CFU
Streak plate
Pour plate
Sterile
Culture media
Defined
Compex
Selective
Differential
Anaerobic media
Reducing media
Transport media
Animal culture
Cell culture
Capnophile
Enrichment culture
Selective media
Refrigeration microbial storage
Deep-freezing
Lyophilization
Logarithmic growth
Exponential growth
Generation time
Lag phase
Log phase
Stationary phase
Death phase
Direct method
Viable plate count
Dilutions
Plating
Colony counts
Equation for cells/ml. calculation
Microscopic counts
Most probable number method
Indirect methods
Metabolic activity
Dry weight
Turbidity
spectrophotometry