Progress check 1
1. Fill in the blanks by selecting the appropriate alternatives from those given in the brackets.
i. Regulation of activities inside the body brought about by endocrine and nervous system. (nervous/digestive/endocrine)
ii. Hormones are secreted directly into the blood. (organs/lymph/blood)
iii. Chemically, some hormones are amines, some steroids, and some proteins. (proteins/amines/carbohydrates)
iv. Both, excess or deficiency of hormones leads to serious consequences. (excess/absence)
v. Hormones produced in one species usually show similar influence in other species. (similar/different)
2. Give the characteristic of hormones pertaining to;
a. Site of action
b. Chemical nature
c. Manner of transportation
Particulars / CharacteristicsSite of action / Carried by blood to target orgns
Chemical nature / May be proteinaceous, amine or steroids
Manner of transportation / Acts quickly
Progress check 2
1. Mention against the three types of cells of islets of Langerhans, the name of hormones they secrete.
I. Alpha cells: Glucagon
II. Beta cells: Insulin
III. Delta cells: Somatostatin
2. Mention the two principal ways in which insulin acts.
Ans: Promotes glucose uptake by body cells and stimulates deposition of extra glucose
3. Name the following conditions
I. Passage of glucose in urine : mellitus
II. Overdose of insulin makes the diabetic patient unconscious: insulin shock
4. List any three symptoms of diabetes mellitus
i. Has high concentration of sugar in urine
ii. Feels thirsty because of loss of water through urination
iii. Loses weight and becomes weaker
5. List any two effects of adrenaline
· Increases blood pressure, heart rate
· Decreases glycogen in the lever
6. Name two categories of hormones secreted by adrenal cortex
· Cortisone
· Mineralocorticoids
· Glucocorticoids
Progress check 3
Fill in the blanks with correct alternatives from those given for each;
i. Thyroid is located close to larynx. (larynx/kidney)
ii. Cretinism is caused due to undersecretion of thyroxin. (undersecretion/oversecretion)
iii. Oversecreion of thyroxin causes exophthalmic goiter. (simple/exophthalmic)
iv. The condition in showing swelling of face and hands and sluggishness due to hypothyroid is called Myxoedema (cretinism/myxedema)
v. The hormone concerned with facing dangers is adrenalin. (thyroxin/cortisone/adrenalin)
vi. Cortex and medulla are two regions of adrenal (thyroid/adrenal)
vii. One of the effects of increased secretion of adrenalin is dry mouth. (dry mouth/slowing heart rate/face flushed with blood)
Progress check 4
1. Mention if the following statements are true or false. If false correct the words.
i. Pituitary is of the size of lemon
ii. Pituitary has three lobes-anterior, posterior and intermediate: True
iii. Oversecretion of growth hormone in adult causes gigantism: False, Acromegaly
iv. Vasopressin secreted by anterior lobe controls reabsorption of water from kidney: False, posterior lobe
2. Write the full from of;
i. TSH: Thyroid stimulating hormone
ii. LH: Luteinizing hormone
iii. ACTH: Adrenocorticotropic hormone
iv. ADH: Antidiuretic hormone
3. What causes the following:
i. Acromegaly: Oversecretion of growth hormone in adults
ii. Diabetes insipidus: Deficiency of vasopressin
Review Questions
A. VERY SHORT ANSWER TYPE
1. Name the following:
i. The three hormones produced by pancreas
Ans:
a) Insulin
b) Glucagon
c) Somatostatin
ii. The hormone produced by adrenal gland
Ans: adrenaline
iii. The condition caused by over secretion of insulin
Ans: hypoglycemia
iv. The hormone secreted by beta cells of islets of Langerhans.
Ans: Insulin
v. Hormone which increases blood pressure
Ans: ADH or Vasopressin
vi. Hormone causing formation of more urine
Ans: Vasopressin or Antidiuretic hormone
vii. The hormone which stimulates the entire sympathetic nervous system
Ans: Adrenaline
2. What would a child suffer from if there was hypo-secretion from the thyroid?
Ans: The child will suffer from simple goitre and condition called cretinism
3. Choose the odd one out from each series
a. The glands-Thyroid, adrenal, pituitary, prostrate
Ans: Prostrate
b. The conditions- cretinism, myxoedema, goitre and scurvy
Ans: Scurvy
c. The hormones- Insulin, glucagon, cretinism, thyroxin
Ans: Cretinism
d. The hormonal sources- adrenal cortex, adrenal medulla, cortisone, pituitary
Ans: Cortisone
4. Choose the odd one in each of the following and mention what the rest are:
a. Larnyx, glucagon, testosterone, prolactin
Ans: Larnyx and the rest are hormones
b. Adrenaline, penicillin, insulin, thyroxin
Ans: Penicillin and the rest are hormones
c. Stomach, ileum, liver, adrenaline
Ans: Adrenaline and the rest are
d. TSH, GH, ADH, insulin
Ans: Insulin and the rest are the hormones produced by anterior lobe of pituitary gland.
e. Iodine, cretinism, goitre and myxoedema
Ans: Iodine and the rest are conditions caused by under-secretion of thyroxine hormone.
5. Select the correct answer in the following out of the four available choices for each
a. A gland having endocrine as well as exocrine function is
· Pituitary
· Thyroid
· Pancreas
· Adrenal
Ans: pancreas
b. (Myxoedema/simple goitre/exophthalmic goitre) is a disorder caused by excessive secretion of thyroid hormone
Ans: Exophthalmic goitre
c. Exophthalmic goitre is caused due to the over activity of the
· Thymus
· Thyroid
· Parathyroid
· Adrenal cortex
Ans: Thyroid
d. The secretion of ADH is inhibited by
· Emotion and stress
· Nicotine
· Alcohol
· Morphine
Ans: Alcohol
6. Match the items column I with those of Column II
Column I / Column II1. Beta cells of islets of langerhans / a. Condition due to under secretion of thyroxin in adults
2. Thyroid / b. Glucocorticoids
3. Cretinism / c. Exophthalmic goitre
4. Addison’s disease / d. Increases heart beat
5. Hypothyriodism / e. Thyroxin
6. Myxoedema / f. Adrenal cortex
g. Insulin
h. Under secretion of thyroxin in child
ANSWER:
a. 1 = g. insulin
b. 2 = e. thyroxin
c. 3 = Under secretion of thyroxin in child
d. 4 = f. adrenal cortex
e. 5 = h. under secretion of thyroxin in adult
f. 6 = a. condition due to under secretion of thyroxin in adults
7. Match the items in column A with those in column B
Column A / Column Ba. Cretinism / I. Shortage of glucose in blood
b. Diabetes mellitus / II. oversecretion of growth hormone
c. Insulin shock / III. excess of glucose in blood
d. Gigantism / IV. oversecretion of thyroxin
e. Enlargement of brests in adult males / V. dwarfism and mental retardation
f. Exophthalmic goitre / VI. oversecretion of cortical hormones
Answer: a = V, b = III, c = I, d = II, e = VI, f = IV
B. SHORT ANSWER TYPE
8. Mention which of the statements are true or false. Give reason in support of your answer.
a) Adrenaline is often described as the emergency hormone.
Ans: True beacause adrenaline prepares the body to meet any emergency situation, for fight that is to face the danger or for fligh, to run away from the enemy.
b) There are two kinds of diabetes (mild and severe) related with two different hormones
Ans: True
c) Simple goitre can be prevented by using iodized salt in food.
Ans: True because iodized salt contains iodine.
d) Pituitary is popularly called the master gland.
Ans: True because it seems to control practically all other endocrine glands.
e) Hormones “obey” the commands like “enough, slow down or “too little, speed up.”
Ans: False
f) Gigantism and dwarfism in humans basically depend on the quality and quantity of the food eaten during early growing age.
Ans: False
9. How do endocrine glands differ from other glands?
Ans: this is because their secretions are poured directly into the blood and not through any special duct.
10. Mention any two differences between a hormone and enzyme
Ans:
Sl. No# / Hormone / Enzyme1 / Have low molecular weight / Have high molecular weight
2 / May be excitatory or inhibitory in action / Acts as biocatalyst and accelerate the rate of actions
11. Do you agree with the statement – “All hormones are chemical signals”? Yes/No. Justify your answer.
Ans: Yes, because they are produced in response to the changes in internal or external environment and carried out by the blood stream to the target organs.
12. Why is iodine important to our body?
Ans: To prevent from goitre
13. If you stand to make your maiden speech before a large audience, your mouth dries up and heart rate increases. What brings about these changes?
Ans: Due to the increased secretion of adrenalin or epinephrine by medulla
14. If one adrenal gland is removed, the other one gets enlarged to some extent. How do you explain this change?
Ans: Because each part of adrenal gland secretes independent hormones and is stimulated by the nerve endings of the automatic nervous syste.
15. Name the two kinds of diabetes? Mention their symptoms and cause.
Ans: Diabetes mellitus: caused due to hyposecretion of insulin. Symptoms are: high concentration of sugar in blood, excretes great deal of urine loaded with sugar, feels thirsty and loss of apetite.
Diabetes insipidus: caused due to hypersecretion of vasopressin (ADH). Symptoms are: low level of sugar in blood and brain may enter a state of coma if level becomes too low for a few minutes.
16. Complete the following table by filling in the blanks numbered 1 to 7.
Gland / Hormone secreted / Efect on bodyAdrenal cortex (1)
Pancreas (“beta” cells)
………………….. (4)
Anterior lobe of pituitary gland (6) / Glucocorticoids (2)
Insulin (3)
…………………. (5)
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone / Regulate basal metabolism
Controls blood sugar
Increases heart beat
Pigmentation in addison’s disease (7)
17. Given below is a table designed to give the names of the glands, the hormones produced, their chief functions, the effects of oversecretion and undersecretion in respect of thyroid, pituitary and pancreas. Fill up the blanks 1 – 13.
S.No. / Source gland cells / Hormone produced / Chief function / Effect of oversecretion / Effect of under secretion1 / Thyroid gland (1) / Thyroxine / Promotes tisue metabolism, growth and differentiation (2) / Exophthalmic goitre (3) / Simple goitre, cretinism and myxoedema (4)
2 / Beta cells / Insulin (5) / Promotes glucose utilisation by the body cells / Hypoglycemia (6) / Diabetes mellitus (7)
3 / Anterior lobe of pituitary gland (8) / Growth hormone / Body growth (9) / Gigantism in childhood and acromegaly in adulthood(10) / Dwarfism
4 / Posterior lob of pituitary gland(11) / Vasopressin / Increases reabsorption of water from kidney tubules / Elavation blood pressure(12) / Diabetis insipidus(13)
18. People living in the low Himalayan hilly regions often suffer from goitre. What could be the possible reason for it?
Ans: this is because of deficient of iodine in salt and as a result the food grown there in poor in iodine.
19. Complete the following table by filling in the blank spaces numbered 1 to 8.
Gland / Secretions / Effect on bodyOvaries (1) / Oestrogen / Development of breasts and thickening of the hips(2)
Alpha cells / Glucagon (3) / Raises blood sugar level (4)
Thyroid gland (5) / Thyroxin (6) / Protruding eyes
Anterior lobe of pituitary gland (7) / Growth hormone (8) / Gigantism
C. LONG ANSWER TYPE
20. Compare the hormone al response with the nervous response with respect to their speed, transmission and the general natural of changes brought about.
Hormonal response / Nervous responseSpeed / Usually slow / Rapid
Transmission / Transmitted chemically through blood / Transmitted electo-chemically through the nerve fibres and chemically cross synapses
Natural changes / Can bring about specific chemical changes and regulates metabolism / Does not influence chemical changes and cannot regulate metabolism
21. Mention any three important differences between the action of hormones and that of nerves in regulatory mechanism of our body.
Ans:
Particulars / Hormonal action / Nervous actionMode of transmission / As chemical messengers / As electro-chemical nerve impulse
Speed / Information travels rapidly but effects are short lived / Information travels slowly but its effects are long lasting
Path of transmission / Through nerve fibers / Through blood
D. STRUCTURED/APPLICATION /SKILL TYPE
22. Given alongside is portion from the human body showing some important structure in ventral (front) view?
a. Where is the portion located in the body?
Ans: located in the front part of the neck
Just below the larynx.
b. Name the structures numbered 1-3?
Ans: 1- larynx, 2- thyroid gland, 3- trachea
c. State one main function of each of the
Structures named above?
Ans: larynx: Voice box, thyroid gland:
production of hormones, thyroxin and
calcitonin, and trachea: wind pipe.
d. Is there any duct to carry the secretions from the structure numbered 2?
If so, give its name?
Ans: Isthmus
23. Given below is an outline diagram of human body showing position of certain organs.
a. Name the parts numbered 1 to 5?
Ans: 1- pituitary gland, 2- thyroid gland,
3- pancreas, 4- testes, and 5- adrenal gland.
b. What is common to all these parts in
regard to nature of their function?
Ans: these are all gland which secrete
certain hormones.
c. In what way is part 3 different from parts
1 and 5 in a general way?
Ans: Pancreas is both a duct gland as well
as a ductless gland. As a duct gland, secrete
pancreatic juice and as a ductless gland, it has
special groups of hormone secreting cells
called Islets of Langerhans.
d. Name the part that corresponds
to part 4 in a female?
Ans: Ovary
e. Name the nutrient element which is essential for the normal working of part 2?
Ans: Iodine
24. Given below are two diagrams (one is correct, the other is somewhat incorrect) showing the transport of a hormone from its source gland/cell to the target organ/cell.
a. Which one has the error – A or B?
Ans: B
b. What is the error?
Ans: Hormone is released in the blood stream but it doesn’t have specific directions of flow rather it flows through nerves in many directions