Meiosis and Mitosis

Student: ______

1.Prokaryotic cells divide by:
A.mitosis
B.cleavage
C.cytokinesis
D.binary fission
E.meiosis

2.Which is incorrect about chromosomes?
A.Possession of the right chromosome number is essential to survival.
B.Humans missing a chromosome usually do not survive embryonic development.
C.The organized visual arrangement of chromosomes is called a karyotype.
D.Chromosomes all have the same number of genes on them.
E.You can determine the number of chromosomes in an individual by counting the centromeres.

3.During which phase of the cell cycle is DNA synthesized?
A.G1
B.G2
C.S
D.prophase
E.metaphase

4.The G1, S, and G2 phases of the cell cycle are collectively known as:
A.interphase
B.prophase
C.mitosis
D.meiosis
E.metaphase

5.Proteins with positive charges that are wrapped around DNA within chromosomes are:
A.chromatids
B.histones
C.centromeres
D.kinetochores

6.Replicate copies of each chromosome are called ______and are joined at the ______.
A.homologues; centromere
B.sister chromatids; kinetochore
C.sister chromatids; centromere
D.homologues; kinetochore

7.The proper sequence, beginning to end, for the stages of mitosis is:
A.prophase-metaphase-anaphase-telophase
B.telophase-anaphase-metaphase-prophase
C.anaphase-prophase-metaphase-telophase
D.prophase-anaphase-metaphase-telophase

8.What causes cancer in cells?
A.damage to genes failing to stop cell division
B.chemical damage to cell membranes
C.UV damage to transport proteins
D.a disconnect between the two G phases
E.skipping the S phase in the cell cycle

9.What cell cycle regulatory protein is the tumor-suppressor protein?
A.E2F
B.EGF
C.p53
D.HER2

10.The diploid number of chromosomes in humans is 46. The haploid number is:
A.138
B.92
C.46
D.23

11.During which stage of mitosis do replicated chromosomes condense and the nuclear envelope disappears?
A.interphase
B.prophase
C.telophase
D.metaphase
E.anaphase

12.The spindle is:
A.the new cell membrane as it reforms across the cytoplasm during cytokinesis.
B.the protein that connects the duplicated chromosomes.
C.the network of protein cables that will pull the chromatids to opposite ends of the cell.
D.the protein that DNA winds itself around.

13.You look in the microscope and see sister chromatids moving to opposite sides of the cell. You conclude the cell is in:
A.anaphase
B.metaphase
C.prophase
D.telophase
E.interphase

14.When the chromosomes line up at the equatorial plane, you can conclude the cell is in:
A.anaphase
B.metaphase
C.prophase
D.telophase
E.interphase

15.During which mitotic stage is the spindle disassembled, the nuclear membrane formed and the chromosomes uncoil?
A.anaphase
B.metaphase
C.prophase
D.telophase
E.interphase

16.If cell division is no longer possible, eukaryotes can arrest the cell cycle. During which stage is this decision made?
A.S phase
B.G2
C.G1
D.telophase
E.prophase

17.During which stage of the cell cycle does the M checkpoint occur?
A.metaphase
B.prophase
C.telophase
D.S phase
E.G1

18.Which of the following can cause cancer?
A.UV rays
B.viruses
C.chemicals
D.environmental contaminants
E.all of the choices can cause cancer.

19.Which is incorrect about p53?
A.It is a protein that monitors the integrity of DNA.
B.It can direct a cell to kill itself.
C.It stimulates the activity of DNA repair enzymes.
D.If nonfunctioning, cells become cancerous.
E.It is routinely given as a cancer therapy.

20.All of the following are correct about HER2 except:
A.It is a protein associated with the receptor for epidermal growth factor (EGF)
B.Most colon cancers have excess copies of this protein on their cells.
C.A mutation can lead to an overproduction of HER2 on cells.
D.Cells that overproduce HER2 are killed preferentially by the immune system when monoclonal antibodies are given therapeutically.
E.Cells that produce too much HER2 can become cancerous.

21.What is telomerase?
A.a protein found in abundance on colon cancer cells.
B.an enzyme that inhibits the formation of small blood vessels that feed a tumor.
C.an enzyme that adds bases back to the tip of chromosomes every time a cell divides.
D.a chemical that allows the telophase stage of mitosis to proceed.
E.a chemical involved in RNA synthesis.

22.Which of the following is not a stage of mitosis?
A.interphase
B.prophase
C.anaphase
D.metaphase
E.telophase

23.Which of the following does not occur during telophase:
A.the nuclear membrane disappears
B.the nucleolus reappears.
C.chromosomes uncoil.
D.the spindle is disassembled
E.cytokinesis often begins now.

24.All of the following are correct about cancer except:
A.malignant tumors are invasive.
B.malignant tumors are not encapsulated.
C.cancer cells can sometimes spread into the bloodstream.
D.benign cells are those that have metastasized.
E.cancers are the direct result of mutations in growth-regulating genes.

25.During which stage of meiosis does crossing over occur?
A.prophase I
B.anaphase I
C.prophase II
D.telophase II

26.Duplication of DNA occurs:
A.twice, before meiosis I and meiosis II
B.before meiosis II only
C.during interphase
D.during prophase I

27.When does separation of homologous chromosomes occur?
A.prophase I
B.anaphase I
C.interphase
D.anaphase II

28.Genetic recombination is possible because of ______during or after meiosis.
A.independent assortment
B.crossing over
C.fertilization with a nonrelated gamete
D.All of these are correct.

29.Which of these is not a unique feature of meiosis?
A.synapsis
B.reduction division
C.diploid daughter cells
D.haploid daughter cells

30.The process of independent assortment refers to:
A.the random meeting of an egg and sperm.
B.the orientation of homologous chromosomes at metaphase I.
C.the orientation of chromosomes at metaphase II.
D.the random choice of which cell in germ-line tissue will begin meiosis.
E.whether sexual or asexual reproduction will occur.

31.In anaphase I ______separate and in anaphase II ______separate.
A.homologous chromosomes ; chromatids
B.chromatids ; homologous chromosomes
C.haploid cells ; diploid cells
D.homologous chromosomes ; diploid cells
E.chromatids ; haploid cells

32.How many possible orientations are there if a cell has 4 chromosome pairs?
A.4
B.8
C.16
D.32
E.impossible to determine.

33.Why is crossing over not possible in meiosis II?
A.because homologous chromosomes are no longer in the same cell.
B.because the enzymes needed for it to occur are no longer present.
C.because prophase only occurs in meiosis I.
D.because meiosis II is much shorter than meiosis I.

34.After meiosis I ______cells are formed and after meiosis II, _____ cells result.
A.2 ; 3
B.4 ; 4
C.2 ; 4
D.4 ; 8
E.2 ; 8

35.The pairing of homologous chromosomes:
A.occurs during anaphase II
B.occurs during telophase I
C.is called crossing over
D.is called synapsis
E.only occurs in mitosis

36.What is the basis of Herman Muller's Ratchet theory?
A.that meiosis reduces the chromosome number in half.
B.that synapsis must occur for crossing over to take place.
C.that parthenogenesis does not increase genetic variability.
D.that evolution is due to mutations, not crossing over.
E.that once harmful mutations arise, asexual populations have no way of eliminating them.

37.An organism's diploid number is 64. Its haploid number would be:
A.128
B.64
C.12
D.32
E.It is impossible to determine.

38.The purpose of meiosis I is:
A.to separate homologous chromosomes.
B.to replicate chromosomes.
C.to create 4 haploid cells.
D.to separate sister chromatids.
E.to repair errors in DNA synthesis.

39.Which is incorrect about meiosis?
A.crossing over occurs in prophase I
B.meiosis I results in 2 haploid cells
C.sister chomatids separate in anaphase I
D.meiosis II is like mitosis
E.chromosome replication only occurs in interphase I

40.The alignment of homologous chromosomes with the exchange of genetic information between them is known as:
A.random fertilization
B.independent assortment
C.crossing over
D.lining up at the equator

41.Independent assortment of homologous chromosomes occurs at:
A.prophase I
B.metaphase I
C.anaphase II
D.metaphase II
E.interphase

42.In humans, gametes are ______while somatic cells are ______.
A.diploid ; diploid
B.haploid ; diploid
C.haploid ; haploid
D.haploid ; triploid
E.triploid ; haploid

43.Which scientist is credited with proposing in 1887 that an egg and a sperm fuse to form a zygote?
A.Watson
B.Crick
C.Fleming
D.Muller
E.van Beneden

44.In plants like the fern, haploid cells that meiosis produces divide by ______forming a multicellular haploid phase.
A.meiosis
B.binary fission
C.mitosis
D.budding

45.In humans, germ-line cells are in:
A.the brain
B.the muscle cells
C.the kidneys
D.the ovaries and testes
E.the eyes

46.During which stage do chromosomes line up in single file on the equatorial plane?
A.metaphase I
B.anaphase II
C.metaphase II
D.telophase I
E.telophase II

47.During which stage do chromosomes line up in pairs on the equatorial plane?
A.metaphase I
B.anaphase II
C.metaphase II
D.telophase I
E.telophase II

48.All of the following are sources of genetic variety except:
A.random fertilization
B.independent assortment
C.crossing over
D.synapsis

49.The main difference between prophase I and II is that in prophase I:
A.synapsis and crossing over occurs
B.the nucleolus disappears
C.the nuclear membrane disappears
D.chromosomes coil
E.the spindle forms

50.The alignment of homologous chromosomes with the exchange of genetic information between them is known as:
A.random fertilization
B.independent assortment
C.crossing over
D.lining up at the equator