Mr. Solano – American History

Study Guide Notes: Unit 1

  1. Great Awakening
  2. The First Great Awakening of the 1730s and 1740s was primarily a revival of evangelical religion that spread through the colonies.
  3. Evangelism refers to the practice of relaying information about a particular set of beliefs to others who do not hold those beliefs.
  4. Revivals were emotional meetings where people came together to hear sermons.
  5. Evangelical Religion is attempting to convert people to a religion.
  6. Sermons struck fear of sin and going to hell into the people listening. They are already under a sentence of condemnation to hell.
  7. Religious leaders during the First Great Awakening wanted to spread religious feeling throughout the colonies.
  8. The Great Awakening preached that inner religious emotion was more important than outer religious behavior.
  9. The purpose of the First Great Awakening was to teach equality among Christians and to bring back religious spirit. Invited African-Americans into the church.
  10. “How do you think the Great Awakening influenced the Revolutionary War ideals?”
  11. Members of the revolutionary generation had faced, as individuals, important choices about their fundamental religious beliefs and loyalties, and that experience may have prepared them to make equally crucial and basic decisions about their political beliefs and loyalties. More important, no small number of those men and women who converted during the First Great Awakening had defied traditional authorities to uphold their new religious convictions. Some had criticized and ultimately rejected their former ministers or churches for not being sufficiently evangelical, while others had challenged the legitimacy of state-supported churches, which they deemed enemies to individual religious freedom. In short, this was a generation of people who had, during their youth, been schooled in the importance of self-determination and even rebellion against the existing hierarchies of deference and privilege.
  12. INDIVIDUALISM!
  13. Colonies
  14. New England Colonies
  15. Maine, New Hampshire, Massachusetts, Connecticut, Rhode Island.
  16. From 1630-1643 more than 20,000 Puritans left Europe to settle in New England.
  17. Small town communities.
  18. Schools were very important. Puritans founded Harvard.
  19. Majority of population was in the New England colonies.
  20. Wanted a “Pure” society with shared beliefs. Strict rules (no stage plays or card games.).
  21. Conflict with Native Americans.
  22. Free-Market economy – Freedom to choose the goods and services they bought and produced.
  23. Farming, logging, ship building, and fishing.
  24. Trade became center of economy because of its many ports. Export England and only Import from England.
  25. Middle Colonies
  26. New York, New Jersey, Delaware, Pennsylvania.
  27. The Dutch controlled “New Netherland.”
  28. English take over in 1664. Quakers later settled from England.
  29. Diversity in the region.
  30. More freedom and acceptance in the middle colonies.
  31. The Great Awakening took place here.
  32. Conflict with Native Americans.
  33. Flat plains cleared of trees and rocks made it ideal for farming. Better than New England.
  34. Large harbors connected with many deep rivers making it easy to export and import within the communities.
  35. Southern Colonies
  36. Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia.
  37. Maryland founded by the Calverts, a family of wealthy Catholics.
  38. Wanted to build a colony that made money and was a refuge to Catholics.
  39. Conflict with Native Americans
  40. Slavery
  41. First arrived in Virginia around 1619.
  42. At first Africans were sold as “indentured servants” but as need grew laws were passed making slavery legal.
  43. Slavery became a part of life. (Institutionalized)
  44. Plantations
  45. Tobacco and Rice.
  46. Looked like small villages.
  47. Economy
  48. Agriculture
  49. Trade
  1. Cash Crops grown and sent to England.
  2. Hunting
  1. Deer, beavers, etc. (Fur trade)
  1. French and Indian War
  2. French vs. British
  3. Indians fought for both sides but most with the French
  4. British won but lead to war debt and increased taxes on the colonies
  5. British Legislation (40 min.)
  6. Taxation – notes separated into columns: Act, Description, Response
  7. Stamp Act
  8. The Townshend Acts
  9. Coercive Acts
  10. Boycotts – “Taxation without Representation”
  11. The Boston Massacre
  12. Remember the Play we read!
  13. Boston Tea Party
  14. Enlightenment
  15. 18th century European movement – Enlightenment Chart
  16. Focused on human reason as the highest good.
  17. Focused on revolutionary ideas like democracy and rights to individuals.
  18. “Natural rights” – Freedom and human rights
  19. Hand out people of the Enlightenment Chart
  20. Take notes comparing Locke and Hobbs. Chart Notes include sections for People, Purpose of Govt, Type of Govt, Purpose, View of Opposite
  21. Thomas Paine’s “Common Sense.” HANDOUT
  22. “Of Monarchy and Hereditary Succession.”
  23. “Thoughts on the Present State of American Affairs.”
  24. Gave reasons that the Colonies should revolt against England!
  25. Declaration of Independence
  26. Life, liberty, and property
  27. Natural rights (unalienable rights)
  28. Thomas Jefferson wrote it!
  29. Sent to King George III in England claiming Independence
  30. Signed July, 4th 1776
  31. The American Revolution
  32. Poster Presentations
  33. Groups:
  34. First Continental Congress
  35. Lexington and Concord
  36. Second Continental Congress
  37. Battle of Bunker Hill
  38. Armies: Comparing, African Americans Free and Enslaved, Other Nations contributions.
  39. Saratoga
  40. Yorktown
  41. Fighting in the Middle Colonies
  42. Magna Carta and Bill of Rights Packet
  43. Magna Carta – Gave nobles more power and king less. If King was not enforcing Nobles rights the contract was void. No “freeman” could be punished except through the law of the land.
  44. English Bill of Rights – Listed specific rights that were entitled to subjects in a monarchy.
  45. What is a Republic?
  46. a form of government in which the people or some portion thereof retain supreme control over the government,and in which the head of government is not a monarch.
  47. Civic republicanism - Aristotle, Zeno and Cicero, citizens should play an active role in ruling and need to develop appropriate virtues to do so.
  48. Classical liberal principles – Government should protect the people. Enlightenment thinkers.
  49. US Constitution – Supreme law of the land