Module 1
Psychology
•The scientific study of behavior and mental processes.
–Uses scientific ______.
–Behavior includes all ______behavior.
–______processes include thoughts, feelings and dreams.
•A basic “study” of psychology can be found in the world’s earliest ______and ______writings.
But ______psychology only represents about the last 125 years
Psychological Perspectives
•Method of ______a collection of ideas
•Also called “schools of ______”
•Also called “psychological ______”
•To view behavior from a particular ______
Early Perspectives
1st perspective – ______
2nd – ______
3rd - ______
Structuralism
•Studied the basic ______(structure) of thoughts and sensations.
Functionalism
•Emphasized studying the function of ______and how consciousness helped people ______to their environment
Gestalt Psychology
•The whole is ______from the sum of its parts.
•Integrate pieces of information into meaningful ______.
Contemporary Psychological Perspectives
Cognitive Perspective
•Focus: On how people ______and ______information
•Behavior is explained by how a person ______the situation
Biological Perspective
•Focus: How our biological ______and ______underlie a given behavior, thought, or emotion
•Behavior is explained by brain ______, genetics, glands, etc.
Social-Cultural Perspective
•Focus: How thinking and behavior change depending on the ______or ______
•Behavior is explained by the influence of other ______present
Behavioral Perspective
•Focus: How we learn through ______, ______, and ______
•Behavior is explained by previous ______
John B. Watson (1878-1958)
•Founder of ______
•Studied only ______and objectively described acts
•Emphasized objective and scientific methodology
B.F. Skinner (1904-1990)
•Behaviorist
•Focused on learning through ______and ______
Humanistic Perspective
•Focus: How healthy people strive to reach their full ______
•Behavior is explained as being motivated by satisfying ______(safety, hunger, thirst, etc.), with the goal of reaching one’s full potential once basic needs are met.
Psychodynamic Perspective
•Focus: How behavior is affected by ______drives and conflicts
•Behavior is explained through ______motivation and unresolved inner conflicts from one’s ______.
•Modern version of psychoanalytic perspective.
Freud’s Influence
•Influence on “pop culture”
–Freudian slips
–Anal-retentive
•Influence on psychology
–Psychodynamic theory
–Unconscious thoughts
–Significance of childhood experiences
Behavior Genetics
•Focus: How behavior is affected by ______and the ______
•Combines biology and behaviorism
•Emphasis on the importance of both genetic and environmental factors on behavior
Evolutionary Psychology
•Combines aspects of biological, psychological, and social perspectives
•Behavior is explained by how the behavior may have helped our ______survive long enough to reproduce successfully.
Basic Research
•Pure science or ______
•Research for the sake of finding ______information and ______the knowledge base of psychology
Clinical Psychologist
•______and ______patients with psychological problems
•______number of professional psychologists
Applied Research
•Research designed to solve ______practical problems