Topic: Cell Processes

Aim: Describe the process of cell respiration and the importance of both types of respiration.

Directions: Read the passage below. Use textual evidence to answer questions 1-20.

Cellular respiration is the process where glucose is broken down to make energy to use for cellular processes. There are two types of cellular respiration, aerobic and anaerobic respiration. During aerobic respiration, oxygen combines with glucose and glucose is broken down to create energy. This complex process begins in the cytoplasm and end in the mitochondria. Water and carbon dioxide are released as waste products. The energy is used to form 36 molecules of ATP for the cell.

When oxygen is not available to a cell, the organism must carry out anaerobic respiration. Anaerobic respiration, or fermentation,breaks down glucose without oxygen and it occurs in the cytoplasm.

In one type of anaerobic respiration, lactic acid fermentation, muscle cells deficient ofoxygen break glucose down into a compound called lactic acid. Lactic acid causes muscles to burn when exercising. Only 2 ATP molecules are released. Some bacteria also carry out lactic acid fermentation. The food industry uses bacteria tocreate products such as yogurt, buttermilk and sour cream.

Alcoholic fermentation occurs in yeast cells when oxygen is not available. Using yeast inthe baking industrycauses the release of carbon dioxide bubbles resulting in the dough to expand, or rise. Another waste product of alcoholic fermentation is ethyl alcohol, which is used by the beverage industry to make beer and wine. Yeast cells also release 2 ATP molecules as a result of this process.

Questions:

  1. Describe the process of cellular respiration.(1-2)

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  1. Identify the two types of cellular respiration. (2)

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  1. Where does aerobic respiration occur in a cell? (4)______
  2. Identify the raw materials(what is used) of aerobic respiration. (3)

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  1. Identify the waste products released by aerobic respiration.(4)

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  1. Identify the number of ATP produced as a result of aerobic respiration.(5) ______
  2. Identify the major difference between aerobic and anaerobic respiration. (6-7)

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  1. Identify the other name for anaerobic respiration. (7) ______
  2. Where does fermentation occur in a cell? (7)______
  3. Identify the two types of fermentation. (8 and 12)

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  1. Identify the raw material of fermentation. (7)______
  2. Identify the waste product released as a result of lactic acid fermentation.(9)______
  3. Identify the number of ATP produced as a result of lactic acid fermentation.(9-10) ______
  4. Identify the types of cells that lactic acid fermentation occurs.(9)

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  1. Describe the effect of lactic acid fermentation in humans.(9)

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  1. Identify substances that can be produced by lactic acid fermentation in bacteria.(11)

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  1. Identify the organism in which alcoholic fermentation occurs. (12)______
  2. Identify substances that can be produced as a result of alcoholic fermentation. (13-14)

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  1. Identify the number of ATP produced as a result of alcoholic fermentation. (15)______

20. Fill in the table below.

Aerobic Cellular Respiration / Lactic Acid Fermentation / Alcoholic Fermentation
Does it require oxygen?
Raw materials
Products
Location inside a cell
Amount of ATP made in the cell
Types of cells where it occurs