Appendix S1.Search strategy for EMBASE database.

  1. running/exp
  2. marathon runner/exp
  3. jogging/exp
  4. treadmill exercise/exp
  5. runner/syn
  6. runners
  7. jogger
  8. joggers
  9. run
  10. marathon running/syn
  11. marathon
  12. exercise/syn
  13. treadmill/syn
  14. treadmill running/syn
  15. OR/ 1-14
  16. sport injury/exp
  17. sports injuries
  18. athlete injury/syn
  19. athlete trauma/syn
  20. athletic injuries/syn
  21. athletic injury/syn
  22. athletic trauma/syn
  23. sport accident/syn
  24. sport trauma/syn
  25. sports injury/syn
  26. sports trauma/syn
  27. OR/ 16-26
  28. AND/ 15,27
  29. limits/ article
  30. limits/ article in press
  31. limits/ humans

Table S1 – All factors investigated by the articles and association with running-related injury.
Risk Factor / Protective Factor / Articles
Intrinsic factors
Previous injuries / 5 / 0 / 8
Q-angle / 2 / 0 / 3
Age / 1 / 1 / 7
BMI / 1 / 1 / 6
Type A behaviour / 1 / 0 / 2
Non-musculoskeletal comorbidities / 1 / 0 / 2
Leg-length difference / 1 / 0 / 2
Q-angle right-left difference / 1 / 0 / 1
Competitive runner / 1 / 0 / 1
Lower extremity flexibility / 1 / 0 / 1
Height / 1 / 0 / 1
Ankle plantar flexion / 1 / 0 / 1
Navicular drop / 0 / 1 / 1
Arch index (high) / 0 / 1 / 1
Gender / 0 / 0 / 3
Ankle dorsiflexion / 0 / 0 / 3
Educational level / 0 / 0 / 2
Smoking / 0 / 0 / 2
Hip internal/external rotation / 0 / 0 / 2
Food intake / 0 / 0 / 2
Arch type / 0 / 0 / 2
Knee alignment / 0 / 0 / 2
Alcohol consumption / 0 / 0 / 1
Nutritional supplements / 0 / 0 / 1
Body composition / 0 / 0 / 1
Previous surgery / 0 / 0 / 1
Laboratory tests / 0 / 0 / 1
Ankle pronation / 0 / 0 / 1
Spine flexibility / 0 / 0 / 1
Forefoot valgus/varus / 0 / 0 / 1
Subtalar valgus/varus / 0 / 0 / 1
Arch height / 0 / 0 / 1
Tubercle-sulcus angle / 0 / 0 / 1
Loading rate / 0 / 0 / 1
Contact time / 0 / 0 / 1
Impact peak / 0 / 0 / 1
Active peak / 0 / 0 / 1
Time to impact peak / 0 / 0 / 1
Time to active peak / 0 / 0 / 1
Step frequency / 0 / 0 / 1
Anabolic steroids use / 0 / 0 / 1
Medical check-up / 0 / 0 / 1
Stride length / 0 / 0 / 1
Extrinsic factors
Weekly distance / 2 / 0 / 5
Weekly frequency / 2 / 0 / 5
Running experience / 1 / 1 / 7
Duration of running shoes / 1* / 1* / 3
Stretching habits / 1 / 0 / 4
Previous sports activities / 1 / 0 / 2
Surface / 1 / 0 / 3
Running all year round / 1 / 0 / 2
Use of orthotics / 0 / 0 / 4
Terrain / 0 / 0 / 4
Races last 12 months / 0 / 0 / 2
Pace / 0 / 0 / 2
Fitness level / 0 / 0 / 2
Other physical activities / 0 / 0 / 2
Warm-up / 0 / 0 / 1
Running shoes criteria / 0 / 0 / 1
Preseason running / 0 / 0 / 1
The factors were ordered according to the number of articles that found risk association with running-related injury.
* The same article found association with risk and protection.