Step 1. Sort the following kingdoms into the correct domains listed. (Record the correct answers into the table below.)
Fungi Plantae Eubacteria Protista Animalia Archaebacteria
Archea Bacteria Eukarya
fungi
Archaebacteria eubacteria protista
animalia
plantae
Step 2. Match the defining characteristics to each of the kingdoms using the word bank below. Record your answers.
Archaebacteria Animalia Protista Fungi Plantae Eubacteria
1. _____protista______Eukaryotic single celled organisms that are not animals, plants or fungi.
2. ______fungi______Eukaryotic multicellular organisms that digest food outside of their bodies, also known as decomposers.
3. _____plants______Eukaryotic multicellular organisms that are autotrophic and are the base of the food chain as producers. They do not move and are composed of roots, stems and leaves.
4. ______animals______Eukaryotic multicellular organisms that are heterotrophic and move at some point during their life span. Very diverse kingdom.
5. _____archaebacteria______Prokaryotic single celled organisms that are known for living in extreme environments.
6. _____eubacteria______Prokaryotic, commonly known bacteria that are classified by shape, need for oxygen and ability to cause disease.
Step 3. Viruses
Part 1. Label the parts of a virus.
Lipid Envelope Capsid Genetic Material
Part 2. Match the type of virus to its description.
Bacteriophage Prion Viroid Retrovirus
1. ______bacteriaophage______Virus that only infects bacterial cells.
2. _____viroid______Virus made up of single stranded RNA that infects plant cells.
3. ______prion______Virus made up of only protein and causes misfolding of other proteins.
4. ______retrovirus______An RNA virus that is duplicated in a host cell using the reverse transcriptase enzyme to produce DNA from its RNA genome.
Part 3.
1. Label the lytic and lysogenic cycles below.
2. Write a brief description of what is occurring in your own words for each cycle.
Description of Lytic:______Symptoms with in 24 hours of infection, takes over cell and produes new viruses._
Description of Lysogenic:_____injects its genetic information into host DNA, gets reproduces each time host reproduces, can convert to lytic cycle.____
3. Give an example of each type of infection.
Lytic:______Flu______Lysogenic:______Mono______
4. Give 2 reasons that viruses are considered non-living.
:______cant reproduce on own, don’t eat, metabolize.______
5. Define the term vaccine. Name the two ways vaccines are created: ____a weakened or dead strain of a virus that is injected into an organism to allow immune system to recognize and fight future infections.______
Step 4. Bacteria
Match term to the correct shape of bacteria. Bacilli Cocci Spirillia
Cocci bacilli spirillia
Use the following terms to answer the following questions:
Endospore pink purple conjugation binary fission
Bacteria are classified by their cell wall composition. Scientists test for the presence of peptidoglycan, by a process called Gram Staining. If this is present the cell, it stains ______purple______. If it is not present and a second membrane is in place, the cell stains _____pink______.
Bacteria reproduce by a process known as ______binaryfission______. Bacteria may also exchange genetic information without producing new offspring using the process of _____conjugation______.
They have the ability to survive harsh conditions by forming a _____endospore______and going into a period of hibernation until conditions become favorable.
Sort the following terms into beneficial or harmful effects of bacterial cells in the environment.
Food/product production Nitrogen fixation Disease Digestive aid Bioremediation Food spoilage
Beneficial Harmful
Food production food spoilage
Nitrogenfixation disease
Digestive aid
bioremediation
Bacteria can invade the body and cause disease in one of two ways, list them:
Invading tissues and releasing toxins into the body
Describe how an antibiotic attacks a bacterial infection.______
__it disrupts cell wall formation______
Explain the role humans have played in the evolution of antibiotic resistant bacteria.______
______misuse, overuse, and underuse ______
Identify/List 3 different bacterial infections that humans are susceptible to.____E. Coli, Strep throat, acne, ____
Step 5. Kingdom Protista
Match the following terms to the correct descriptions of the 3 major groups of protists.
Algae Fungus-like Protozoa
1. ______protozoa______Single celled, eukaryotic organisms that are heterotrophic, animal like and classified by their method of movement.
2. ______algae______Single to multi-celled, eukaryotic organisms that are photosynthetic, and are classified by the pigments they contain.
3. ______fungus-like______Single/multi-celled, eukaryotic organisms that are decomposers and unlike true fungus can move.
Match the following terms to the type of locomotion.
Zooflagellates Ciliates Sarcodines Sporozoa
1. _____ciliates______Use cilia, tiny hair like structures that beat back and forth for movement and feeding.
2. ___sarcodines______Use pseudopods or cytoplasmic projections to move.
3. __sporozoa______Are parasitic and use host/vectors to move, unable to move on their own.
4. __zooflagellates____Use one or two whip like structures called flagella to move or propel organisms forward.
Sort the following terms into to the chart comparing positive to negative consequences of protists.
Source of food Spread disease Source of oxygen Used in household products Cause plant rot Used in medications
Pros Cons
Source of food spread disease
Source of oxygen plant rot
Household products
medications
Step 6 Fungi
Fill in the table below by providing both the common name and reproductive structure of each type of fungus.
Fungi / Common Name / Reproductive StructureAscomycota / Sac / ascus
Basidomycota / Club / basidia
Zygomycota / Bread or common mold / zygospores
Deutromycota / Imperfect / Unknown, asexual budding
Fungi reproduce differently than other organisms. Instead of male and female sexes their sexes are assigned a ____(+)_____ or ___(-)____. Opposite mating types fuse for sexual reproduction.
Fill in the sentences below by matching the correct term to the definition.
Budding Hyphae Fruiting Body Chitin Mycorrhizae Mycellium
1. ____chitin______Tough polysaccharide that is found in the cell wall of fungi.
2. ____hyphae______Long strands the make up the body of a multicellular fungus.
3. _____mycellium______Underground network of hyphae that makes up the body of a multicellular fungus.
4. ______fruiting body______Reproductive structure that grows above ground in a fungus.
5. _____mycorrhizae___Mutualistic relationship between fungus and the roots of plants to aid in nitrogen fixation.
6. ______budding______Process of asexual reproduction observed in yeast and other imperfect fungi.
List 2 positive uses for fungi.
______food, medicine______
List 2 negative effects of fungi.
______crop and human disease______
Step 7. Plants
Match the four categories of plants to their descriptions
Seedless Vascular Angiosperms Seedless Nonvascular Gymnosperms
1. __seedless nonvascular______Plants that require standing water for reproduction and life because they lack vascular tissue. Examples include: mosses and liverworts.
2. __seedless vascular______Plants that require standing water for reproduction but have vascular tissue. Examples include: ferns and horsetails.
3. __gymnosperms______Vascular plants that have a naked seed called a cone and can live away from water. Examples include: pine trees and ginkgos.
4. ____angiosperms______Vascular plants that have a covered seed, display flowers. Seed is typically incased in a fruit. Examples include: tulips, apple trees, orange trees, roses.
Label the reproductive structures on the flower given below.
Stamen letter G Petal letter J
Anther letter F Sepal letter I
Filament letter H Ovule/egg letter A
Pistil letter E
Stigma letter D
Style letter C
Ovary letter B
Match the type of plant tissue to its major function.
Ground Dermal Vascular
1. ______Dermal______Tissue that makes up the covering of the plant, prevents water loss, forms bark and cuticle.
2. __vascular______Tissue that is responsible for transport of water and nutrients throughout the plant; contains xylem (water transport) and phloem (nutrient transport).
3. _____ground______Tissue that is responsible for plant growth, storage of nutrients, and in the leaves houses chloroplasts where photosynthesis occurs.
Match the organ to its major function.
Roots Leaves Stem
1. _____roots______Anchors plants and absorb minerals and nutrients from soil.
2. ______stem______Provide support to plants, transport materials, and provide storage.
3. _____leaves______Main site for photosynthesis. Allow for gas exchange and control water loss of plant.
Distinguish between monocots and dicots by filling in the chart below.
Monocots Dicots
# of seed leaves 1 2
# of flower parts multiples of 3 parts in 4 or 5
Vein arrangement parallel netlike
Arrangement of scattered ring pattern
vascular tissue
Answer the following questions about plant life cycles and reproduction using the terms below.
Alternation of generations Vegetative reproduction Double fertilization Dormancy
Pollination Fragmentation Germination
1. _alternation of generations__ Ability of a plant to alternate between a sporophyte and gametophyte stage.
2. ______pollination______Transfer of pollen from male to female flower.
3. ____double fertilization______type of fertilization that occurs only in angiosperms in which one sperm cell fertilizes the egg,while the second fuses with the polar bodies to form endosperm to provide nourishment for the developing embryo.
4. ___dormancy______period of time when seed is at rest and is not growing.
5. ___germination______period when the seed starts to crack out of the shell and grow.
6. ______fragmentation______asexual form of plant reproduction that involves using a piece of the original plant and replanting it.
7. _____vegetative reproduction______another form of asexual reproduction in which a piece of a plant is attached to the parent plant to reproduce.
Answer the following questions about plant response and adaptations.
Ethylene Thigmotropism Gibberellins Photoperiodism Auxins Gravitropism Phototropism
1. __ethylene______Hormone in plants that causes them to ripen when exposed to it.
2. ____auxin______Hormone that causes cell lengthening in the plant.
3. __gibberellins______Hormone that is responsible for excessive growth in plants.
4. _____phototropism______Plant response to sunlight/light. Know to grow toward light source.
5. _____thigmotropism______Plant response to touch. Plant clings to or wraps around and grows up to touch.
6. _____gravitropism______Plant response to pull of gravity. Both negative and positive gravitational pull responses observed.
7. _____photoperiodism______Plants responding to seasonal changes. Ex. plants losing their leaves during the winter and shutting down photosynthesis.
Step 8. General Animal Kingdom Characteristics
Identify the types of symmetry found in the organisms below.
______asymmetric______bilateral______radial______
All animals share the following characteristics. (Circle the answer to make the statement correct.)
1. Cell tissue contains collagen or chitin.
2. Diploid cells that usually reproduces by sexual or asexual reproduction.
3. Cells are diploid or haploid.
4. Most animal cells contain box or hox genes that determine early embryonic development. The expression of these genes determines what traits will develop.
5. Label the 3 germ layers that determine the body cavity structure of an organism. Use the following terms:
Endoderm mesoderm ectoderm
ectoderm
6. Distinguish between the three terms used to describe body cavities. Label the diagram using the terms below. Acoelomate pseudocoelomate coelomate
a. Pseudocoelomate
b. Coelomate
c. Acoelomate
Use the following terms to fill in the blanks.
Blastula Gastrula
7. ___Gastrula______is an interior movement of cells that result in a reorganization of the embryo from a simple spherical ball of cells, the _____blastula_____, into a multi-layered organism.
8. Distinguish between the terms protostome and deuterostome. P: mouth forms first and then the anus, all invertebrates except deutrostomes, D: anus forms first, and then mouth forms
Step 9. Invertebrates
Match the phylum to its description.
Porifera Nematoda Arthropoda Annelidia Platyhelminthes Cnidaria
Molluska Echinodermata
1. ______Porifera______Multi-celled organisms that have no specialized tissue, only specialized cells, asymmetric, sessile in their adult form.
2. ______Cnidara______Multi-celled organisms that have specialized tissue and cells. Known for their nematocysts (stinging cells) that help capture prey, and primitive nerve net.
3. ______Platyhelminthes______Multi-celled organisms that have 3 germ layers, no body cavity. Most are parasitic, few free living species. First to display cephalization with ganglia.
4. ____Nematoda______Multi-celled organisms that have 3 distinct germ layers with a pseudocoelom. Parasitic with a primitive digestive system.
5. ______Annelidia______Multi-celled organisms that have 3 distinct germ layers with a true coelom. They display a segmented body, brain and aortic arches that act as a primitive heart.
6. ______Mollusks_____Multi-celled organisms that have a complete digestive tract, species display either an open or closed circulatory system based on need for oxygen(speed). All share the common features of a radula, mantle, and shell (some are internal, some external).
7. ______Echinoderms______Multi-celled organisms that have radial symmetry as adults, a water vascular system and tube feet. They are the most closely related to vertebrates in that they are deuterostomes.
8. ______arthropoda______Multi-celled organisms that display 3 distinct characteristics: exoskeleton made of chitin, jointed appendages, and segmented bodies. Respiration occurs through gills or book lungs. Display an open circulatory system.
Label the diagram below as either complete or incomplete metamorphosis.
______Incomplete______complete metamorphosis______
Phylum Chordata
Chordates share 4 physical traits. Label the traits on the diagram below using the following terms:
Notochord
Tail
There are two groups of chordates that are not vertebrates (contain a vertebral column). Match the two groups to their defining characteristics.
Lancelets Tunicates
1. ______tunicates______Organisms that are both free swimming and sessile. Display all characteristics in larval form but not in adult form.
2. ____lancelets______Organisms that are small eel-like animals that retain all four characteristics of chordates into adulthood.
Match the following terms to their definitions.
Endoskeleton Placenta Oviparous Ectotherm Amniote Ovoviviparous
Tetrapod Amniotic egg Endotherm Keratin Viviparous
1.______endoskeleton______Internal skeleton made built of bone or cartilage that grows with the organism.
2.______tetrapod______Vertebrate that has four limbs.
3.______amniote______Vertebrate that has a thin, tough membranous sac that encloses the embryo or fetus.
4.______keratin______Protein that binds to lipids inside the cell forming a waterproof barrier to keep internal water from reaching the skin.
5.______amniotic______Egg that is almost completely waterproof that allowed for life to move from water to land.
6.______placenta______Membranous organ that develops in female mammals during pregnancy and provides nutrients to the developing fetus and removes waste.
7.______ectotherm______Organisms that are unable to regulate their own body temperature and their temperature reflect their environment’s temp.
8.______endotherm______Organisms that are able to regulate their own body temperature through metabolism. Their body temperature remains relatively constant.