Horticulture 335 STUDY EXAM
[Take home, open note & book, not open friend or classmate]
Questions 1-21 are 16 points each; 22-28 are 15 points, and 29-57 are worth 2
points each for a total of 501 points.
This study exam contains questions that will require several sentences of writing;
others will take a large space or entire page for diagrams. You are expected to
demonstrate your ability to converse about these concepts, and articulate your
understanding of them with someone, not just give truncated answers.
Please prepare a copy of the exam with links to web sites that pertain to the questions, as well as references to the pages in the AIFD Guide.
Using The AIFD Guide to Floral Design, please answer the following questions:
1. Please contrast in your own words the difference between “Periods of
Design”, and “Art Movements.”
2. Please explain how a historical perspective of design can help floral
designers today to accurately meet the needs of their customers.
3. Please explain why it is necessary for a floral designer to understand
botanical terms and the physiology of plants and flowers.
4. What is “binomial nomenclature,” and what is the purpose and methodology
of plant classification?
5. Please explain the “pre-treatment” of flowers, and name at least three
different treatments that may be used during post harvest handling of flowers.
6. Please describe in detail the process of conditioning flowers, or the basic care
and handling procedures that flowers should receive when being prepared for
retail sales.
7. Should flower stems be cut underwater? Please explain in detail the process
of cutting stems.
8. Please explain the use of fresh flower food, what it is composed of, and what
each component does to extend vase life of flowers.
9. What temperature and humidity should be achieved in storage for most cut
flowers?
10. Name three tropical flowers, and explain what should be different in their care
and handling, and the temperature of a cooler, as compared with temperate
flowers.
11. Elements and Principles of Design are involved in all floral compositions.
Please clarify the difference between “elements” and “principles,” and explain
how they guide a floral artist through the design process.
12. Please list the elements of design, and include a sample and description.
13. Please list the principles of design, including a sample and description
14. Please select one principle of design and determine what types and uses of
flowers (filler, form, line, mass, renegade) may portray that principle in a floral
composition. Please diagram, draw, or use some form of graphic illustration
to explain. Also please include the names of the flowers you would suggest
for this composition.
15. Please name 20 cut flowers or foliage from the BYUI cooler this semester,
including the common and scientific name
16. Please explain how the technical components of a design can affect its final
appearance, by applying design techniques, mechanics, wiring and taping,
and faux finishes.
17. Please explain the gauges of wire typically used in the floral industry, and the
comparative ribbon sizes.
18. Please explain the concept of marketing with a Dutch Auction, contrasted
with the typical American style auction. Consider the function of the “auction
clock” in your answer.
19. Please draw and label a diagram of the lily flower.
You should include and label the following flower parts: Petal, bud, sepal,
receptacle, Pistil (including stigma, style, and ovary) Stamen (including anther
and filament), and explain why the anthers are usually removed from a lily
before insertion in a bouquet. (two reasons)
20. Please diagram a color wheel, and label all primary, secondary, and tertiary
colors. Also label and use actual color names to explain the following color
harmonies: Monochromatic, Analagous, Triadic, Complementary, Split
Complementary, and Polychromatic.
21. How do cultures influence the various styles of floral composition?
These questions derive from class discussions in the Hort 335 course.
22. Please diagram and explain the difference between disbudding and pinching
for the production of potted and cut flowers.
23. Please explain what sociological factors influence the location of floral production, what type of flowers are produced throughout the world, and who is growing them.
24. How do climate, geographical location, and elevation influence the production
of cut flowers?
25. Please explain the difference between a warm and a cool color, and how
colors can influence our feelings.
26. What is rose attar?
27. Please indicate the primary country of origin of Raffia.
28. Explain the use of the following floral tools:
wire cutter, kenzan, polyfoil, pan glue, water tube.
Mulitiple Choice Review Questions
29. The greek period is also known as the ______period.
a. crassaic
b. mosaic
c. jurassic
d. classical [2]
30. In the Renaissance period, flowers are used in the artwork to represent
a. mythological beings
b. famous artists
c. anthropomorphism
d. religious symbolism [2]
31. Egyptian period art shows a flower that occurs along the Nile river used quite
frequently in designs of that time period. It is a ______
a. cycad
b. liriope
c. lythrum
d. lotus [2]
32. William Hogarth, responsible for the introduction of the “Hogarth,” or “S” curve,
penning the words “straight is the line of duty, curved is the line of beauty,” a
contemporary of Bosschaert, Brueghel, and other artists, is representative of what
historical period?
a. Neoclassical
b. Classical
c. Renaissance
d. Baroque [2]
33. Floral designs that were considered “Open and Airy” in their construction, with a
definite feminine appearance, and landscape sculptural shrubs or “topiaries” were from
which periods?
a. Flemish
b. Turkish
c. Classical
d. French [2]
34. The Victorian era was one of sentiment in which “posy holders” were used to
a. transport flowers to the grave site
b. stand in the wedding line holding baskets of flowers
c. hold buckets of flowers to hand out at social events
d. hold small bouquets used to convey messages between lovers [2]
35. A “short day” plant is induced into flowering by artificially providing
a. low light
b. high light
c. long nights
d. short nights [2]
36. Respiration is decreased in a flower by decreasing
a. translocation
b. turgor pressure
c. temperature
d. refrigeration [2]
37. Improper filling of floral foam by holding it underwater causes:
a. cavitation of the water in the foam
b. the foam to explode into small pieces
c. air pockets to form in the foam
d. over-saturation of the pore spaces in the foam [2]
38. The “nosegay,” also called a “tuzzie muzzie,” a small hand-held bouquet of
fragrant flowers, was introduced during which period?
a. Elizabethan
b. Victorian
c. Georgian
d. Gregorian [2]
39. The colors yellow green, red orange, and blue violet refer to ______color
harmony?
a. complementary
b. mosaic
c. triadic
d. contemporary [2]
40. LINE-MASS Describes:
a. how much floral material can be placed in a line.
b. the American or western style of arranging.
c. the formation of people awaiting a religious service.
d. the ratio of long-stemmed flowers to short-stemmed flowers. [2]
41 Complementary Harmony relates to:
a. the relationship between florists in a small town.
b. the combination of two hues adjacent on a color wheel.
c. the combination of two hues directly opposite on a color wheel.
d. any hue that matches the surrounding colors. [2]
42. "Breaking the edge" of a container refers to:
a. chipping the top rim of a marble vase for a rustic appearance.
b. cracks caused in a ceramic vase by overweight flower stems.
c. placement of foliage to hang over and below the rim of the vase.
d. taping and securing floral foam inside of a vase or bowl. [2]
43. Roses of very high quality are currently being imported to the USA from:
a. Chile, Argentina, Slovakia
b. Greece, Bulgaria, Nigeria, South Africa
c. Ecuador, Colombia, Costa Rica
d. Honduras, Guiana, Belize, Macedonia [2]
44. A floral wire that is 26 gauge would be thicker and heavier than a wire with a
gauge measuring
a. 20 b. 28 c. 24 d. 22 [2]
45. Monochromatic harmony [2]
a. is the use of test swatches to determine the correct color for an office
b. is the use of one color, with tints shades or tones in a bouquet
c. is the use of one sample bouquet in a sales presentaton
d. is the use of at least three tints, shades or tones of a primary color
46. polychromatic harmony-- [2]
a. is the combination of ten different colors and fragrances for a client
b. is the use of four or more hues in a floral bouquet
c. is the combined arrangement of flowers and food, particularly crackers
d. is the use of three primary colors in a floral bouquet
47. analogous harmony-- [2]
a. is the use of four or more hues in a floral bouquet
b. is the use of hues in a design that are adjacent to each other
c. is the combination of a customer’s favorite flowers and colors
d. is the use of three primary colors in a floral bouquet
48. triadic harmony--
a. is the use of three or more groups of color in a bouquet
b. is the use of three equally separated colors in a bouquet
c. is the use of more than three primary colors in a floral bouqet
d. is the use of four or more hues in a floral bouquet [2]
49. A polystem artificial flower is made of
a. wire and paper welded to the flower petals
b. wire molded inside of plastic, inserted into fabric and plastic parts
c. many wires and wooden stems in a vase
d. many molded leaves and flower petals applied with glue to wire[2]
50. Handwrap artificial flowers are
a. wire and paper welded to the flower petals
b. wire and floral tape holding the petals and leaves together
c. wire molded inside of plastic, inserted into fabric and plastic parts
d. many molded leaves and flower petals applied with glue to wire[2]
51. Three advantages of using silk flowers are:
a. they are flexible, they can be used as antennae, they are inexpensive
b. they are flexible, they don’t require water, they last a long time
c. they are flexible, they get boring, they are very expensive
d. they are flexible, they last forever, they are more realistic [2]
52. Two disadvantages of using artificial flowers are:
a. they are very expensive, they smell strongly of formaldehyde
b. they get boring, they can fall apart and fray on the edges
c. they get boring, they stay clean forever
d. they are so cheap they are embarrassing to use, they are flexible [2]
53. Flowers can be dried by:
a. pressing, blending, baking, cementing
b. pressing, hanging, freeze-drying, covering with sand
c. pressing, shredding, covering with detergent, freezing
d. pressing, hanging, boiling, refrigerating [2]
54. Foliages and some flowers are often preserved in
a. hand lotion or antifreeze
b. glycerin or propylene glycol
c. glycogen or antifreeze
d. antifreeze or carbonic acid [2]
55. Wire is sized in gauges, indicated by the following numbers
a. 12, 15, 18, 21, 24, 27, 30
b. 16, 18, 20, 22, 24, 26, 28
c. 12, 16, 22, 26, 32, 36, 42
d. 16, 21, 26, 31, 36, 41, 46 [2]
56. Most common floral ribbon is
a. satin acetate, fused edge, 600 count
b. satin acetate, fused edge, 200 count
c. silk polysorbitol, fused edge, 15 count
d. acrylic resin, molded edge, 250 count [2]
57. Disbudding produces the following type of flower:
a. storkbill
b. standard
c. stippled
d. spray [2]
58. Pinching off the terminal bud of a flowering plant produces a stem of
a. spackled flowers
b. spray flowers
c. standard flowers
d. specimen flowers [2]