Chapter 21 – Industrial Europe

H.A.P.E.’ Reading Guide

Directions: as you read the chapter, identify the key terms, people, and events (NUMBER THESE!) Include dates where appropriate, and be specific. Answer the Discussion and Essay Questions fully, in paragraph form. For the New Geographical Locations, add these to the map of Europe on the reverse of this Reading Guide. Completed Reading Guide answers are due the day of the unit test in order to earn the A.P. scale (up to plus 20 points on the Multiple Choice).

KEY TERMS, PEOPLE, AND EVENTS

Agricultural Revolution

Putting-out system

Flying shuttle

James Watt

Luddites

Factory Act of 1833

Zollverein

Junkers

Cottage industry

Charles “Turnip” Townsend

Ten Hours Act

Public Health Act

Josiah Wedgwood

Robert Owen

Edwin Chadwick

CrystalPalace Exhibition

Enclosure movement

Open-field farming

NEW GEOGRAPHIC LOCATIONS

Manchester

Tuscany

Ruhr

Glasgow

Liverpool

Birmingham

DISCUSSION AND ESSAY QUESTIONS

  1. The authors note that “the Agricultural Revolution was not an event, and it did not happen suddenly.” Yet they also argue that this prlonged process deserves the label “revolution.” Discuss the “revolutionary” nature of agrarian change in Europe from the 18th century. In what sense did agrarian reform constitute revolution?
  2. Discuss the changes that accompanied the industrial transformation of Britain’s textile industry from ca. 1750 to 1850. What role did technological innovation play in this process? In what ways did new technologies change the daily life of textile workers?
  3. Historians disagree as to the benefits of the Industrial Revolution for the British worker. Discuss the benefits and problems of industrialization. Overall, did the benefits outweigh the advantages?
  4. Compare and contrast the role of the state in the process of industrialization in Britain, Germany, and France. Where was state involvement strongest, and why?
  5. Engels, criticizing the shanty towns of the industrial revolution, complained, “in such dwellings only a physicially degenerate race, robbed of all humanity, degraded, reduced morally and physically to bestiality, could feel comfortable and at home.” What did he find to criticize about the living conditions of the 19th century industrial worker?
  6. Who made the greatest contributions to the Industrial Revolution – the workers, the inventors, the financiers, or the factory managers? Examine the contributions of each.
  7. Explain the failure of some nations (e.g., Austria-Hungary and Russia) to industrialize during this time period.