Pectoralis major / clavicular head: anterior medial half of clavicle
sternocostal head: anterior sternum + rib 1-6 cartilage; aponerosis of external oblique muscle / Lateral lip of Intertubercular groove / Medial & lateral pectoral nerves / Glenohumeral:
Adduction, Horizontal adduction
medial rotation
Upper: flexion
lower: extension
Pectoralis minor / Anterior 3-5 ribs / coracoid process / Medial pectoral nerve / Scapula: Depression, protraction
Subclavious / Junction of 1st rib with costal cartilage / Inferior middle third of clavicle / Nerve to subclavious / Stabilizing clavicle& depress clavicle
Serratus anterior / External lateral 1-8 ribs / Anterior medial border of scapula / Long thoracic nerve / Protects + protraction of scapula.+ Upward rotation + maintain scapula apposed to thoracic wall
Trapezius / Skull nuchal line, c1-t12 vertebrae / Lateral clavicle, medial acromion, all spine / Spinal root of accessory nerve + C3 + C4 / Scapula:
Upper: elevation
Lower: depression
both: upward rotation
middle: retraction
Latissimus dorsi / Spinal process of t7-l5, iliac crest. / (passing 4 lower ribs + inferior angle of scapula) Intertubercular groove / Thoracodorsal nerve / Scapula: retraction, depression
Glenohumeral: extension, medial rotation, adduction
levator scapulae / C1-c4 transverse process / Superior angle of scapula / Dorsal scapular nerve + C3+C4 / Scapula: elevation, retraction, downward rotation
Rhomboids / Minor: nuchal ligament + SP C7+T1
Major: SP T2+T5 / Medial border of scapula / Dorsal scapular nerve / Scapula: retraction, downward rotation, stabilizing
Muscle / Origin / Insertion / Nerve / Action
Supraspinatous / Supraspinatous fossa / Greater tubercle (1) / Suprascapular nerve / Abduction
Infraspinatous / Infraspinatous fossa / Greater tubercle (2) / Suprascapular nerve / Lateral rotation
Teres minor / Infraspinatous fossa / Greater tubercle (3) / Axillary nerve / Lateral rotation
Subscapularis / Medial border of subscapular fossa / Lower tubercle / Upper & lower subscapular nerve / Medial rotation
Teres Major / Upper lateral border of scapula / Medial lip of Intertubercular groove / Lower subscapular nerve / Adduction, medial rotation, extension
Deltoid / Lateral third of clavicle, acromion, spine / Deltoid tuberocity / Axillary nerve / Abduction of arm
Anterior: flexion + medial rotation
Posterior: extension + lateral rotation
Biceps /
- longsupraglenoid tubercle through capsule, Intertubercular groove.
- short coracoid process
Elbow: flexion, supination
Brachialis / anterior distal half of humerus shaft / Ulna’s coronoid process + tuberocity of ulna / Musculocutaneous nerve / Elbow flexion
Coracobrachialis / Coracoid process / Medial Middle third of humerus / Musculocutaneous nerve / Glenohumeral flexion, adduction
triceps /
- long infraglenoid tubercle
- lateral post-lateral shaft above radial groove
- medial post-lateral shaft under radial groove
Muscle / Origin / Insertion / Nerve / Action
Anterior Forearm
Pronator teres / Common flexor tendon (medial epicondyle & coronoid process) / Lateral shaft of radius / Median nerve / Pronation
Flexion of forarm (helps)
Flexor capi radialis (FCR) / Common flexor tendon (medial epicondyle & coronoid process) / Metacarpal bone 2, 3 / Median nerve / Palmar flexion
Radial rotation
Flexor carpi ulnaris / Common flexor tendon (medial epicondyle & coronoid process) / Hook of hamate, piciform, metacarpal bone 5 / Ulnar nerve / Ulnar deviation
Flexion of forarm (helps)
Palmaris longus (15%-20% absent) / Common flexor tendon (medial epicondyle & coronoid process) / Palmar apuneurosis / Median nerve / Palmar flexion. Tension of palmar apuneurosis
Intermediate layer
Flexor digitorum superficialis / Common flexor tendon (medial epicondyle & coronoid process) / 4 tendons to middle phalanges of medial 4 digits / Median nerve / Flexion proximal inter-phalange joint (assists in flexion Metacarpalphalangeal joint & Wrist J’s.)
Deep layer
Flexor Pollicis Longus (FPL) / Radial shaft / Distal Phalanx 1st digit (thumb) / Median N. Ant IO branch / Flexes phalanges of 1st digit (thumb)
Flexor Digitorum Profundus (FDP) / Ant ulna and interossus membrane / Bases distal phalanges 4 medial digits / Medial 2 tendons Ulnar N. ; Lateral 2 tendons Ant.interoseus branch median n. / Flexion DIP 4 medial digits
Pronator Quadratus / Runs between distal 1/4 radius and ulna. Ulna is considered to be the origin. / Anterior interoseus n. / Forearm Pronation
Posterior forearm – lateral
Brachioradialis / Radial/lateral supracondylar ridge / Radius's styloid process / Radial nerve / Elbow: flexion
Extensor carpi radialis longus / Radial/lateral supracondylar ridge / Base of metacarpal bone 2. / Radial nerve / Wrist joint: radial deviation, extension
Posterior superficial layer
Extensor carpi radialis brevis / Common extensor tendon (lateral epicondyle) / Base of metacarpal bone 3. / Deep radial nerve / Wrist joint: radial deviation, extension
Extensor digitorum / Common extensor tendon (lateral epicondyle) / Middle and distal phalanges of 2-5. / Deep radial nerve / Extension of: inter-phalange joints, Metacarpalphalangeal joint & Wrist J’s
Extensor digiti minimi / Common extensor tendon (lateral epicondyle) / Extensor hood of 5 th phalange / Deep radial nerve / Extension of 5 th phalange
Extensor carpi ulnaris / Common extensor tendon (lateral epicondyle) / Base of metacarpal bone 5. / Deep radial nerve / Wrist joint: ulnar deviation, extension
Posterior deep layer
Supinator / Lateral epicondyle & ulna / Wraps around proximal radius / Deep radial nerve / Supination
Abductor pollicis longus / Shaft of ulna and radius / Base of metacarpal 1 / Deep radial nerve / Abduction of the thumb.
Extensor pollicis brevis / Shaft of ulna / Proximal phalange of thumb (1) / Deep radial nerve
Extensor pollicis longus / Shaft of ulna / Distal phalange of thumb (1) / Deep radial nerve
Extensor indicis / Shaft of ulna / Extensor hood of phalang 2. / Deep radial nerve / Extension of the finger