Human Anatomy & Physiology, 7e (Marieb)
Chapter 4 Tissue: The Living Fabric
MATCHING QUESTIONS
Figure 4.1
Using Figure 4.1, match the following:
1)
Material commonly found in the skin, lungs, and blood vessel walls.
Answer:
C
Diff: 2
Page Ref: 129; Fig. 4.8
2)
White fibers (collagen).
Answer:
B
Diff: 1
Page Ref: 129; Fig. 4.8
3)
Fibrocartilage is composed primarily of this substance.
Answer:
B
Diff: 1
Page Ref: 129; Fig. 4.8
4)
This material is very hard in bone.
Answer:
A
Diff: 1
Page Ref: 127; Fig. 4.8
5)
This substance is commonly found in bone marrow and lymph nodes.
Answer:
D
Diff: 2
Page Ref: 129; Fig. 4.8
6)
This object is always common around muscle tissue.
Answer:
E
Diff: 2
Page Ref: 120; Fig. 4.8
7)
When densely packed together this substance would form dense connective tissue.
Answer:
B
Diff: 1
Page Ref: 129; Fig. 4.8
8)
This object is found in all connective tissues except cartilage.
Answer:
E
Diff: 2
Page Ref: 127; Fig. 4.8
Figure 4.2
Using Figure 4.2, match the following:
9)
Simple cuboidal epithelium.
Answer:
B
Diff: 2
Page Ref: 120; Fig. 4.2
10)
Cardiac muscle.
Answer:
C
Diff: 2
Page Ref: 139; Fig. 4.11
11)
Simple squamous epithelium.
Answer:
A
Diff: 2
Page Ref: 120; Fig. 4.02
12)
Stratified squamous epithelium.
Answer:
D
Diff: 2
Page Ref: 123; Fig. 4.2
13)
Skeletal muscle.
Answer:
E
Diff: 2
Page Ref: 139; Fig. 4.11
Match the following:
14)
The epithelial membrane that lines the closed ventral cavities of the body.
A)
Cutaneous membrane
B)
Mucous membrane
Answer:
C
Diff: 1
Page Ref: 142, 143
C)
Serous membrane
15)
The epithelial membrane that lines body cavities open to the exterior.
D)
Endothelium
Answer:
B
Diff: 1
Page Ref: 141
16)
Consists of keratinized stratified squamous epithelium.
Answer:
A
Diff: 2
Page Ref: 141
17)
Found lining the digestive and respiratory tracts.
Answer:
B
Diff: 2
Page Ref: 141
18)
Makes up the pleura and pericardium.
Answer:
C
Diff: 2
Page Ref: 142, 143
19)
Lines blood vessels and the heart.
Answer:
D
Diff: 1
Page Ref: 120
Match the following:
20)
Structural support of the external ear and other structures that need support with flexibility.
A)
Hyaline cartilage
B)
Mesenchyme
Answer:
D
C)
Reticular tissue
Diff: 1
Page Ref: 137; Fig. 4.9
D)
Elastic cartilage
21)
Forms much of the fetal skeleton and covers the articular surfaces of long bones.
Answer:
A
Diff: 1
Page Ref: 135; Fig. 4.9
22)
Embryonic connective tissue that arises from mesoderm and produces all types of connective tissues.
Answer:
B
Diff: 2
Page Ref: 131
23)
Source of new cells in mature connective tissue.
Answer:
B
Diff: 1
Page Ref: 131
24)
Forms internal supporting framework of soft organs such as the spleen.
Answer:
C
Diff: 2
Page Ref: 133; Fig. 4.9
TRUE/FALSE QUESTIONS
1)
The shock-absorbing pads between the vertebrae are formed of fibrocartilage.
Answer:
True
False
Diff: 1
Page Ref: 137
2)
Brown fat is frequently deposited between the shoulder blades of infants.
Answer:
True
False
Diff: 1
Page Ref: 133
3)
Achilles was wounded by damage to the tendon connecting his calf muscles to his heel. This and all tendons are composed mainly of dense irregular connective tissue.
Answer:
True
False
Diff: 2
Page Ref: 135
4)
Macrophages are found in areolar and lymphatic tissues.
Answer:
True
False
Diff: 1
Page Ref: 130
5)
Goblet cells are found with pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium.
Answer:
True
False
Diff: 2
Page Ref: 120
6)
Epithelial tissues always exhibit polarity; that is, they have a free surface and a basal surface.
Answer:
True
False
Diff: 1
Page Ref: 119
7)
Simple cuboidal epithelia are usually associated with secretion and absorption.
Answer:
True
False
Diff: 1
Page Ref: 120
8)
Depending on the functional state of the bladder, transitional epithelium may resemble stratified squamous or stratified cuboidal epithelium.
Answer:
True
False
Diff: 1
Page Ref: 124
9)
Stratified cuboidal epithelium is moderately rare in the body and found only in the pharynx, larynx, and anorectal junction.
Answer:
True
False
Diff: 2
Page Ref: 123-124
10)
Endothelium covers and lines internal cavities such as the pleural and peritoneal cavities.
Answer:
True
False
Diff: 1
Page Ref: 142-143
11)
Merocrine glands produce their secretions by accumulating their secretions internally and then rupturing the cell.
Answer:
True
False
Diff: 1
Page Ref: 126
12)
Salivary glands exhibit simple tubuloalveolar glandular arrangement.
Answer:
True
False
Diff: 2
Page Ref: 125; Fig. 4.4
13)
Connective tissues that possess a large quantity of collagen fibers often provide the framework for organs such as the spleen and lymph nodes.
Answer:
True
False
Diff: 1
Page Ref: 133
14)
The basic difference between dense irregular and dense regular connective tissues is in the amount of elastic fibers and adipose cells present.
Answer:
True
False
Diff: 2
Page Ref: 133, 135
15)
A major characteristic of fibrocartilage is its unique amount of flexibility and elasticity.
Answer:
True
False
Diff: 2
Page Ref: 137
16)
Cartilage tissue tends to heal less rapidly than bone tissue.
Answer:
True
False
Diff: 1
Page Ref: 135
17)
Intercalated discs and striations suggest the presence of skeletal muscle.
Answer:
True
False
Diff: 1
Page Ref: 139-140
18)
Smooth muscle cells possess central nuclei but lack striations.
Answer:
True
False
Diff: 1
Page Ref: 141
19)
Most connective tissues have regenerative capacity, while most epithelial tissues do not.
Answer:
True
False
Diff: 2
Page Ref: 119
20)
Squamous cells are flattened and scalelike when mature.
Answer:
True
False
Diff: 1
Page Ref: 119
21)
Functions of connective tissues include binding, support, insulation, and protection.
Answer:
True
False
Diff: 1
Page Ref: 127
22)
Sweat glands are apocrine glands.
Answer:
True
False
Diff: 2
Page Ref: 126; Fig. 4.4
23)
Endocrine glands are often called ducted glands.
Answer:
True
False
Diff: 1
Page Ref: 124-125
24)
Blood is considered a type of connective tissue.
Answer:
True
False
Diff: 1
Page Ref: 137, 138
25)
Nervous tissue consists mainly of neurons and collagen fibers.
Answer:
True
False
Diff: 1
Page Ref: 139
MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONS
1)
Which of the following is not found in the matrix of cartilage but is in bone?
A)
live cells
B)
lacunae
C)
blood vessels
D)
organic fibers
Answer:
C
Diff: 2
Page Ref: 135, 137
2)
The reason that intervertebral discs exhibit a large amount of tensile strength to absorb shock is because they possess ______.
A)
hydroxyapatite crystals
B)
collagen fibers
C)
reticular fibers
D)
elastic fibers
Answer:
B
Diff: 2
Page Ref: 129, 137
3)
The presence of lacunae, calcium salts, and blood vessels would indicate ______.
A)
cartilage tissue
B)
fibrocartilaginous tissue
C)
osseous tissue
D)
areolar tissue
Answer:
C
Diff: 2
Page Ref: 137
4)
Hyaline cartilage is different from elastic or fibrocartilage because ______.
A)
it is more vascularized
B)
it contains more nuclei
C)
fibers are not normally visible
D)
it has more elastic fibers
Answer:
C
Diff: 1
Page Ref: 135
5)
Epithelial tissue ______.
A)
is highly vascularized
B)
has a basement membrane
C)
is usually acellular
D)
contains a number of neuron types
Answer:
B
Diff: 2
Page Ref: 119
6)
Which of the following would be of most importance to goblet cells and other glandular epithelium?
A)
microvilli
B)
Golgi bodies
C)
lysosomes
D)
multiple nuclei
Answer:
B
Diff: 2
Page Ref: 120
7)
Mammary glands exhibit a glandular type called ______.
A)
simple tubular
B)
compound tubular
C)
simple alveolar
D)
compound alveolar
Answer:
D
Diff: 1
Page Ref: 125; Fig 4.4
8)
Simple columnar epithelium of the digestive tract is characterized by ______.
A)
dense microvilli
B)
a rich vascular supply
C)
fibroblasts
D)
cilia
Answer:
A
Diff: 1
Page Ref: 120
9)
Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium ______.
A)
lines the respiratory tract
B)
aids in digestion
C)
possesses no goblet cells
D)
is not an epithelial classification
Answer:
A
Diff: 2
Page Ref: 123
10)
A single-celled layer of epithelium that forms the lining of serous membranes is ______.
A)
simple transitional
B)
simple columnar
C)
simple squamous
D)
simple cuboidal
Answer:
C
Diff: 1
Page Ref: 120
11)
Which statement best describes connective tissue?
A)
usually contains a large amount of matrix
B)
always arranged in a single layer of cells
C)
primarily concerned with secretion
D)
usually lines a body cavity
Answer:
A
Diff: 1
Page Ref: 127
12)
Matrix is ______.
A)
cells and fibers
B)
fibers and ground substance
C)
ground substance and cells
D)
composed of all organic compounds
Answer:
B
Diff: 1
Page Ref: 127
13)
Cell types likely to be seen in areolar connective tissue include all except: ______.
A)
chondrocytes
B)
fibroblasts
C)
macrophages
D)
mast cells
Answer:
A
Diff: 1
Page Ref: 131-132
14)
The tissue type that arises from all three embryonic germ layers is ______.
A)
epithelial tissue
B)
connective tissue
C)
nervous tissue
D)
muscle tissue
Answer:
A
Diff: 2
Page Ref: 119
15)
The fiber type that gives connective tissue great tensile strength is ______.
A)
elastic
B)
collagen
C)
reticular
D)
muscle
Answer:
B
Diff: 1
Page Ref: 129
16)
Organized groups of cells (plus their intercellular substances) that have a common purpose form a(n) ______.
A)
organ
B)
tissue
C)
organism
D)
organ system
Answer:
B
Diff: 1
Page Ref: 118
17)
The shape of the external ear is maintained by ______.
A)
adipose tissue
B)
elastic cartilage
C)
hyaline cartilage
D)
fibrocartilage
Answer:
B
Diff: 1
Page Ref: 137
18)
Inability to absorb digested nutrients and secrete mucus might indicate a disorder in which tissue?
A)
simple squamous
B)
transitional
C)
simple columnar
D)
stratified squamous
Answer:
C
Diff: 3
Page Ref: 120
19)
Glands, such as the thyroid, that secrete their products directly into the blood rather than through ducts are classified as ______.
A)
exocrine
B)
endocrine
C)
sebaceous
D)
ceruminous
Answer:
B
Diff: 1
Page Ref: 124-125
20)
Which of the following is true about epithelia?
A)
Simple epithelia are commonly found in areas of high abrasion.
B)
Stratified epithelia are associated with filtration.
C)
Endothelium provides a slick surface lining all hollow cardiovascular organs.
D)
Pseudostratified epithelia are commonly keratinized.
Answer:
C
Diff: 2
Page Ref: 120
21)
Chondroblasts ______.
A)
are mature cartilage cells located in spaces called lacunae
B)
within the cartilage, divide and secrete new matrix
C)
located deep to the perichondrium divide and secrete new matrix on the internal portions of the cartilage
D)
never lose their ability to divide
Answer:
B
Diff: 2
Page Ref: 135
22)
______epithelium appears to have two or three layers of cells, but all the cells are in contact with the basement membrane.
A)
Stratified cuboidal
B)
Stratified columnar
C)
Transitional
D)
Pseudostratified columnar
Answer:
D
Diff: 1
Page Ref: 123
23)
A multilayered epithelium with cuboidal basal cells and flat cells at its surface would be classified as ______.
A)
simple cuboidal
B)
simple squamous
C)
transitional
D)
stratified squamous
Answer:
D
Diff: 2
Page Ref: 123
24)
An epithelial membrane ______.
A)
usually involves transitional epithelium
B)
is formed of epithelium and smooth muscle
C)
contains simple or stratified epithelia and a basement membrane
D)
never contains mucus-forming cells
Answer:
C
Diff: 2
Page Ref: 119
25)
Multicellular exocrine glands can be classified ______.
A)
structurally into alveolar and acinar types
B)
structurally into vascular and avascular types
C)
functionally into merocrine, holocrine, and apocrine divisions
D)
functionally into secreting or nonsecreting types
Answer:
C
Diff: 2
Page Ref: 125
26)
Which of the following is true about the mode of secretion of exocrine glands?
A)
Merocrine glands are not altered by the secretory process.
B)
Apocrine cells are destroyed, then replaced after secretion.
C)
Holocrine cells are slightly damaged by the secretory process, but repair themselves.
D)
These glands are ductless.
Answer:
A
Diff: 2
Page Ref: 126
27)
Which of these is not considered connective tissue?
A)
cartilage
B)
adipose
C)
muscle
D)
blood
Answer:
C
Diff: 1
Page Ref: 127
28)
What are glycosaminoglycans?
A)
positively charged proteins
B)
negatively charged proteins
C)
positively charged polysaccharides
D)
negatively charged polysaccharides
Answer:
D
Diff: 1
Page Ref: 128
29)
Which is true concerning muscle tissue?
A)
highly cellular and well vascularized
B)
cuboidal shape enhances function
C)
contains contractile units made of collagen
D)
is a single-celled tissue
Answer:
A
Diff: 1
Page Ref: 139
30)
The first step in tissue repair involves ______.
A)
replacement of destroyed tissue by the same kind of cells
B)
proliferation of fibrous connective tissue
C)
inflammation
D)
formation of scar tissue
Answer:
C
Diff: 2
Page Ref: 143
31)
Select the correct statement regarding multicellular exocrine glands.
A)
Compound glands are so called because they are constructed from more than one cell type.
B)
The secretory cells of holocrine glands release their product by rupturing.
C)
Exocrine glands always lack ducts.
D)
Merocrine glands release their secretion by pinching off part of the cell.
Answer:
B
Diff: 2
Page Ref: 126
32)
The three main components of connective tissue are ______.
A)
ground substance, fibers, and cells
B)
alveoli, fibrous capsule, and secretory cells
C)
collagen, elastin, and reticular fibers
D)
fibroblasts, chondroblasts, and osteoblasts
Answer:
A
Diff: 1
Page Ref: 127
33)
Which of the following statements is true of connective tissue?
A)
Elastin fibers are sometimes called white fibers.
B)
When connective tissue is stretched, collagen gives it the ability to snap back.
C)
Collagen fibers provide high tensile strength.
D)
Reticular fibers form thick, ropelike structures.
Answer:
C
Diff: 1
Page Ref: 129
34)
Select the correct statement regarding the cells of connective tissue.
A)
Connective tissue does not contain cells.
B)
Connective tissue cells are nondividing.
C)
Chondroblasts are the main cell type of connective tissue proper.
D)
"Blast" cells are undifferentiated, actively dividing cells.
Answer:
D
Diff: 2
Page Ref: 129-130
35)
Select the correct statement regarding tissue repair.
A)
Granulation tissue is highly susceptible to infection.
B)
Inflammation causes capillaries to dilate and become permeable.
C)
Granulation tissue is another name for a blood clot.
D)
The clot is formed from dried blood and transposed collagen fibers.
Answer:
B
Diff: 2
Page Ref: 143
36)
Select the correct statement regarding epithelia.
A)
Simple epithelia form impermeable barriers.
B)
Stratified epithelia are tall, narrow cells.
C)
Stratified epithelia are present where protection from abrasion is important.
D)
Pseudostratified epithelia consist of at least two layers of cells stacked on top of one another.
Answer:
C
Diff: 2
Page Ref: 119
37)
Select the correct statement regarding adipose tissue.
A)
It is composed mostly of extracellular matrix.
B)
Its primary function is nutrient storage.
C)
Mature adipose cells are highly mitotic.
D)
Most of the cell volume is occupied by the nucleus.
Answer:
B
Diff: 2
Page Ref: 132
38)
______are commonly found wedged between simple columnar epithelial cells.
A)
Goblet cells
B)
Mast cells
C)
Macrophages
D)
Cilia
Answer:
A
Diff: 1
Page Ref: 120
39)
Select the correct statement regarding factors that affect the tissue repair process.
A)
The type of tissue injured is not an important factor.
B)
Nutrition does not seem to influence tissue repair.
C)
The age of the person is a factor in the repair process.
D)
The health of an individual does not seem to make any difference in the speed of repair.
Answer:
C
Diff: 2
Page Ref: 143-145
40)
In adults, new surface epithelial cells and the epithelial cells lining the intestine are derived from ______.
A)
mitotic division of existing epithelial cells
B)
stem cells
C)
underlying epithelial cells
D)
components of the connective tissue
Answer:
B
Diff: 2
Page Ref: 145
41)
What would be a substance you would expect to find expelled from a compound alveolar gland?
A)
milk
B)
acid
C)
oil
D)
salivary fluid
Answer:
A
Diff: 1
Page Ref: 126; Fig. 4.4
42)
Mesenchymal cells are most commonly found in ______connective tissue.
A)
areolar
B)
dense regular
C)
embryonic
D)
reticular
Answer:
C
Diff: 1
Page Ref: 131
FILL-IN-THE-BLANK/SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS
1)
______tissue forms the framework for the lamina propria of mucous membranes.
Answer:
Areolar or loose connective
Diff: 1
Page Ref: 131
2)
Osteocytes exist in a tiny void called a ______.
Answer:
lacuna
Diff: 1
Page Ref: 137
3)
Cardiac muscle tissue is single nucleated, has intercalated discs, and is ______.
Answer:
branched
Diff: 2
Page Ref: 139, 141
4)
______muscle cells are multinucleated.
Answer:
Skeletal
Diff: 1
Page Ref: 139
5)
______live in the lacuna of cartilage.
Answer:
Chondrocytes
Diff: 1
Page Ref: 135
6)
The uppermost layer of skin is composed of ______.
Answer:
keratinized stratified squamous epithelium
Diff: 1
Page Ref: 123
7)
Kidney tubules are composed of ______epithelium.
Answer:
simple cuboidal
Diff: 1
Page Ref: 121; Fig. 4.2
8)
Multiple rows of cells covering a tissue in which the cells are the same shape from the basement membrane to the surfaces would be ______epithelia.
Answer:
transitional
Diff: 1
Page Ref: 124
9)
All epithelial tissue rests upon a ______composed of connective tissue.
Answer:
basement membrane
Diff: 1
Page Ref: 119
10)
The salivary glands are a good example of a ______exocrine gland.
Answer:
compound tubuloalveolar
Diff: 2
Page Ref: 125; Fig. 4.4
11)
Macrophage-like cells are found in many different tissues, and may have specific names that reflect their location or specializations. What is the one functional characteristic common to all macrophage-like cells?
Answer:
phagocytosis
Diff: 1
Page Ref: 130
12)
All of the following statements refer to events of tissue repair. Put the events in proper numbered order according to the sequence of occurrence. The initial event, the injury, is already indicated as number one.
1.The skin receives a cut that penetrates into the dermis and bleeding begins.
2.Epithelial regeneration is nearly complete.
3.Granulation tissue is formed.
4.Blood clotting occurs and stops the blood flow.
5.The scar retracts.
6.Macrophages engulf and clean away cellular debris.
7.Fibroblasts elaborate connective tissue fibers to span the break.
Answer:
1-4-3-7-6-5-2
Diff: 2
Page Ref: 143
13)
Since mature adipocytes do not divide, how can adults gain weight?
Answer:
Adipocytes contain a fat-filled vacuole that can fill or empty, causing the cell to gain or lose volume.
Diff: 2
Page Ref: 132
14)
Tendon tears or breaks are difficult to repair both physiologically and surgically. Why?
Answer:
Tendons are composed of dense regular connective tissue, which consists of densely packed, parallel connective tissue fibers. This type of tissue has relatively few cells and vascular supply is poor; consequently, repair is slow. Because of the structure of the tissue, surgical repair can be compared to attempting to suture two bristle brushes together.
Diff: 3
Page Ref: 133, 135
15)
How is epithelial tissue the opposite of connective tissue?
Answer:
In epithelial tissue the cells are packed together very tightly. Epithelial tissue is avascular. Epithelial tissue has three cell types that cover or line things and make tubes. Epithelial tissue has no fibers and it tends to be polar. Connective tissue has cells spaced far apart and is highly vascular (except cartilage). The cells of connective tissue vary greatly in shape and size. Connective tissue glues other tissues together and has three fiber types. Connective tissue tends to be nonpolar. Connective tissue has a large amount of ground substance; epithelial tissue does not.