TEST REVIEW

Answer the 10 multiple choice questions at the end of chapter 12.

CDBCADBCBB

Review your objectives, notes and diagrams.

Complete the following tables and questions.

DNA, mRNA and tRNA

DNA / mRNA / tRNA

Deoxyribose

/ X
Ribose / X / X
Phosphate / X / X / X
Adenine / X / X / X
Thymine / X
Uracil / X / X
Guanine / X / X / X
Cytosine / X / X / X
Contains a chemical message or code / X / X / X
Carries an amino acid to a ribosome / X

Put a check in the box if it is present in DNA, mRNA, tRNA

Be sure you understand the information presented in the diagram.

Protein Synthesis Practice – Use the wheel to complete the table.

DNA
Double strand
Can’t leave the nucleus / mRNA
single strand
nucleus and ribosome / tRNA
single strand
carries the amino acid / Amino Acids
(forms the protein)
AGT / UCA / AGA / SERINE
GTG / CAC / GUG / HISTODINE
CAT / GUA / CAU / VALINE
TAC / AUG / UAC / METHIONINE
GTG / CAC / GUG / HISTODINE
AGA / UCU / AGA / SERINE
TAG / AUG / UAC / METHIONINE
GCC / CGG / GCC / ARGININE
TTT / AAA / UUU / LYSINE

Answer the questions

  1. The three main types of RNA are MRNA, TRNA, RRNA
  2. Copying part of a nucleotide sequence of DNA into a complementary sequence in RNA is called TRANSCRIPTION.
  3. An enzyme that binds to DNA during transcription in RNA POLYMERASE
  4. During the process of PROTEIN SYNTHESIS OR TRANSLATION, the information carried by mRNA is used to produce proteins.
  5. Each tRNA molecule contains three bases, called the ANTICODON, which ensure that amino acids are added in the correct sequence.
  1. How are DNA and RNA similar? How are they different?

Similar: contain phosphate, nitrogen bases A, C, G and 5 carbon sugar

Different: DNA is double stranded, RNA is single stranded, DNA cant leave the nucleus, DNA has deoxyribose, RNA has ribose, RNA contains uracil base instead of thymine

  1. How are the three types of RNA different?

They differ in their shape, function and where they are located in the cell

  1. How would it benefit a cell to possess a sequence of DNA that could be transcribed and then edited into several different mRNA molecules?

The DNA would have to be even longer than it already is if the mrna could not be edited to make many proteins from the genetic code.

  1. What amino acids would be produced from the mRNA sequence CGC UAU AGC?

Arginine, Tyrosine, Serine

  1. Suppose the DNA sequence GCCATATCG was changed to GCGGATATCG. How would the products of transcription and translation be affected?

This question was misprinted on you sheet – the question above is corrected with the INSERSTION of a G.

MRNA: CGG UAU AGCMRNA: CGC CUA UAG C

AA: Arginine Tyrosine SerineArginine Luceine Stop

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