Study Island
Copyright © 2013 Edmentum - All rights reserved.
Generation Date: 04/30/2013
Generated By: Bill Wieners
1. Which of the following shows the correct order of energy flow in a food chain?
/ A. / producer primary consumer secondary consumer tertiary consumer/ B. / tertiary consumer primary consumer secondary consumer producer
/ C. / primary consumer producer secondary consumer tertiary consumer
/ D. / secondary consumer tertiary consumer primary consumer producer
2.
A food web is shown above. Both the cheetah and the lion are predators that feed on impala. Impala are a prey species that feed on grass, a producer.
In the food web, energy is transferred from the ______to the ______.
/ B. / impala; grass
/ C. / cheetah; impala
/ D. / lion; impala
3. The diagram below summarizes the Earth's carbon cycle. Examine the diagram, and answer the question that follows.
Carbon is returned to the atmosphere through______.
/ A. / respiration of plants and animals/ B. / photosynthesis
/ C. / dissolution of carbon dioxide in water
/ D. / lightning strikes
4. One chemical, which is essential for life on Earth, runs through an Earth cycle in which it can take the following path
What is this chemical?
/ A. / hydrogen sulfide/ B. / food
/ C. / water
/ D. / nitrogen
5. Plankton is made up of the smallest living creatures in the ocean. Phytoplankton use photosynthesis to get energy from the sun. Zooplankton eat the phytoplankton. Shrimp and small fish eat zooplankton. Jellyfish eat shrimp and small fish. Leatherback sea turtles eat jellyfish, and full-grown sea turtles have no natural predators.
Which of the following energy pyramids properly represents the relationships between these organisms?
W. /
X.
Y. /
Z.
/ A. / Z
/ B. / W
/ C. / X
/ D. / Y
6. Algae live on riverbeds in the middle of Bartlet National Park. This algae absorbs light from the sun and converts it into food energy. Moose eat algae and grass in Bartlet National Park. Moose are also the main food source of the wolves in the park.
Which of the following food webs best represents this situation?
W. /
X.
Y. /
Z.
/ A. / Z
/ B. / Y
/ C. / X
/ D. / W
7. Many species of plants have nodes that are filled with nitrogen-fixing bacteria on their roots. The nitrogen that the bacteria "fix" is then used by the plant to build plant tissues. Where does most of the nitrogen that the bacteria use come from?
/ A. / The nitrogen is produced by the node's outer membrane./ B. / The nitrogen is formed by chemical reactions taking place between different minerals in the soil.
/ C. / The nitrogen is absorbed into the soil from the atmosphere.
/ D. / The nitrogen is secreted by the plants through their root systems.
8. According to the above diagram, which of the following organisms is mostly responsible for changing nitrogen in the atmosphere into other nitrogen-containing substances?
/ A. / mushrooms/ B. / bacteria
/ C. / mice
/ D. / plants
9. Consider the food web below, in which two boxes, box X and box Y, are not filled in.
The organism in box X could be a______. And the organism in box Y could be a______.
/ A. / producer; tertiary consumer/ B. / primary consumer; secondary consumer
/ C. / tertiary consumer; producer
/ D. / producer; primary consumer
10. The overall flow of energy through an ecosystem is from
/ A. / decomposers to herbivores to photosynthetic organisms and carnivores./ B. / herbivores to photosynthetic organisms to carnivores and decomposers.
/ C. / carnivores to photosynthetic organisms to herbivores and decomposers.
/ D. / photosynthetic organisms to herbivores to carnivores and decomposers.
11. Plant roots absorb nitrogen-containing nutrients in the soil through the process of______.
/ A. / denitrification/ B. / nitrification
/ C. / ammonification
/ D. / assimilation
12. Carbon is a chemical element that is essential for life. It plays a crucial role in photosynthesis, and the amount of carbon available to a plant can often determine how much the plant can grow.
In the simple situation shown above, what will the likely impact be on bears if the amount of carbon dioxide (CO2) in the atmosphere is increased?
/ A. / There will be more grass for them to eat./ B. / There will be more deer for them to eat.
/ C. / There will be less oxygen for them to breathe.
/ D. / There will be less deer for them to eat.
13. One common source of food for hawks and owls is rodents. Rodents such as moles and shrews eat insects. Many insects eat plants. The energy flow from plants through hawks can be represented as an energy pyramid.
Which of the following groups of organisms belongs on row 4 of the pyramid?
W. /
X.
Y. /
Z.
/ A. / Y
/ B. / X
/ C. / Z
/ D. / W
14. The equation below describes the general process of photosynthesis.
sunlight + water + carbon dioxide glucose + oxygen
This process transforms ______energy from the Sun into chemical energy, in the form of ______, that the plant can use to live and grow.
/ A. / light, glucose/ B. / light, oxygen
/ C. / carbon, oxygen
/ D. / carbon, glucose
15.
Through the process of photosynthesis, plants...
/ A. / absorb carbon dioxide from the soil and store this carbon as sugar./ B. / absorb carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and release carbon dioxide back into the atmosphere.
/ C. / absorb oxygen from the atmosphere and release carbon dioxide into the atmosphere.
/ D. / absorb carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and store this carbon as sugar.
16. Plants undergo a process called photosynthesis, which helps them grow. Plants grow best when they are exposed to sunlight. How does sunlight affect the process of photosynthesis?
/ A. / It increases the air temperature, which creates energy./ B. / It warms the leaves of plants, which allows the reaction to occur quickly.
/ C. / It encourages rain, which provides the water needed for growth.
/ D. / It provides solar energy, which plants use to drive the reaction.
17. Many of the essential chemical elements for life cycle through the Earth's systems. Nitrogen follows the general path below.
This image is courtesy of the EPA
Since nitrogen is essential for life, what will likely happen if the amount of nitrogen in the atmosphere is decreased?
/ B. / The rate of decomposition will increase.
/ C. / The number of mice will increase.
/ D. / Mice will find new sources of food.
18. The above diagram shows how
/ A. / nitrogen-containing nutrients are recycled in ecosystems./ B. / animals and plants cause pollution in Earth's soils.
/ C. / bacteria cause diseases in animals and plants on Earth.
/ D. / fungi use nitrogen in the atmosphere to produce bacteria.
19. Over the past 60 years, the level of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere has been continually increasing. Many scientists hypothesize that this increase has led to an imbalance in the carbon cycle and a climatic trend known as global warming.
In which of the following ways could humans help the carbon cycle return to normal?
/ B. / reduce the amount of fossil fuels they combust
/ C. / pump nitrogen and oxygen into the air to help rebalance the atmosphere
/ D. / cut down trees and other large plants that depend on carbon dioxide
20. Animals need various nutrients in order to live and grow. Nitrogen, for example, is a nutrient that is needed to form molecules, such as DNA and RNA. How do animals obtain nitrogen?
/ A. / They breathe in and absorb nitrogen gas from the atmosphere./ B. / They create nitrogen in their bodies using other nutrients as building blocks.
/ C. / They eat plants which have absorbed nitrogen from the soil.
/ D. / all of these
21. The______is the ultimate source of energy for almost all of the living organisms on Earth.
/ A. / soil/ B. / Sun
/ C. / Moon
/ D. / wind
22.
An aquatic food web is shown above. Which of the following describes how energy is transferred between the crustacean and the fish?
/ A. / Energy is transferred from the fish to the crustacean./ B. / Energy is transferred from the crustacean to the fish.
/ C. / Energy is not transferred between the crustacean and the fish.
/ D. / The crustacean and the fish both transfer energy to each other.
23. Which of the following represents a possible flow of nitrogen through the above ecosystem?
/ A. / ammoniumdecomposersanimals/ B. / nitrogen in atmospherenitrogen-fixing bacteriaammonium
/ C. / nitratesplantsnitrogen in atmosphere
/ D. / animalsplantsdecomposersnitrogen-fixing bacteria
24. Nitrogen-fixing bacteria change a nitrogen molecule into a form of nitrogen that plants can use. The nitrogen enters the plant through its root system and is used to build new plant tissue. What will most likely happen to the nitrogen next?
/ A. / An animal will eat the plant and the nitrogen will be used to help build part of the animal's body./ B. / The plant will die and the nitrogen will no longer exist.
/ C. / The nitrogen in the plant's tissue will break down into another kind of element through nuclear fission.
/ D. / The nitrogen will be converted into a sugar molecule through the process of photosynthesis.
25. A plant uses energy from the Sun to make food. What kind of energy transformation is this?
/ A. / light energy to mechanical energy/ B. / light energy to chemical energy
/ C. / chemical energy to light energy
/ D. / mechanical energy to chemical energy
26. Examine the diagram below.
Which of the following biogeochemical cycles is represented by the diagram?
/ A. / nitrogen cycle/ B. / rock cycle
/ C. / water cycle
/ D. / carbon cycle
27. The process of photosynthesis converts carbon atoms from carbon dioxide into______.
/ A. / hydrogen/ B. / salts
/ C. / oxygen
/ D. / sugars
28. In Ottawalley National Park, grass is abundant. Gazelles spend most of the day feeding on this grass, and it is their main source of food. These gazelles are often hunted by wild dogs, which eat them and almost nothing else. Wild dogs only have to worry about lions, who occasionally eat them. But lions usually just eat gazelles as well.
Which of the following food webs best represents this situation?
W. /
X.
Y. /
Z.
/ A. / X
/ B. / Z
/ C. / Y
/ D. / W
29. The image below shows the oxygen cycle.
The more sugar molecules broken down by an animal,
/ A. / the lower its carbon dioxide intake./ B. / the higher its oxygen output.
/ C. / the higher its carbon dioxide output.
/ D. / the lower its oxygen intake.
30.
Which of the following is mainly responsible for the removal of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere?
/ A. / factories/ B. / animals
/ C. / plants
/ D. / soil