Classification of Matter and Solutions Test Review

Read over all sets of notes Know the definition of all terms that appear in the notes (solubility, electrolyte, solution…..)

Some answers are given in ( ).

1. Would the following substances dissolve in water? Why or why not? Be specific

a. Sodium phosphate (yes, ionic)d. sodium chloride (yes, ionic)

b. Mercurous perchlorate (yes, ionic)e. Iron (II) nitrate (yes, ionic)

c. CH4 (no, nonpolar)f. CH5OH (yes, polar)g. C6H6 (no, nonpolar)

2. Tell whether each of the following aqueous solutions would be a STRONG, WEAK, or NON-Electrolyte.

a. Al2(SO4)3 (strong, ionic) b. HMnO4 (strong, strong acid) c. C6H12O6(non, molecular)

3. Determine if the following is an element, compound, solution, or heterogeneous mixture.

a. gold(element)d. sodium acetate(compound)

b. 6.0 M hydrochloric acid(solution)e. oil and water (heterogeneous mixture or suspension)

c. milk (heterogeneous mixture or colloid)

4. If 0.37 grams of potassium hydroxide are added to enough water to make 20. mL of solution, what is its molarity?

5. When 153 grams of a soluble compound are added to enough water to make 575 mL of solution the molarity of the solution is known to be 2.50 M. What is the molar mass of the soluble compound?

6. Calculate the molality of a solution if 185 grams of copper (II) bromide are dissolved in 1140 grams of water.

7. Tell exactly how you would prepare 250. mL of a 1.5 M hydrochloric acid solution beginning with a stock hydrochloric acid solution that is 12.0 M.

8. If 30.0 mL of 12.0 M HCl stock solution are diluted to a volume of 500. mL, what is the molarity of the dilute solution?

9. What mass of potassium cyanide is needed in order to prepare a 0.75 m solution of potassium cyanide using 750. grams of water.

10. If 300. grams of magnesium acetate are added to 5000. grams of water, what is the molality of the solution?

11. What is the percent by mass of a solution if 15.2g KOH is added to 31.8g of H2O?

12. What is the percent by volume of an alcohol solution if 150.mL of alcohol is added to 600.mL of H2O?

13. How many particles will a solution of the following compounds become?

a. sodium sulfate b. C10H8

14. Which of the following will cause the BPE or FPD to change the most? Why?

a. sodium sulfate b. C10H8

15. How many grams of sodium chloride must be dissolved in 0.755 kg of acetic acid in order for the boiling point of the solution to be 127.3°C?

16. When 14.0 grams of a non-ionizing compound are added to 150. grams of phenol, the freezing point of the solution is 40.7°C. What is the molar mass of the compound?

17. How many grams of C10H8 must be added to 25.0 grams of benzene in order for the freezing point to be -21.0°C?

18. Define solubility:

19. What factor increasesthe solubility of solid solutes?

20. What factor increases the solubility of gaseous solutes? What factor decreases the solubility of gaseous solutes?

21. What factors increase the rate of dissolving of solid solutes?

22. What is the difference in saturated, unsaturated, and supersaturated solutions.

23. What is the difference between a solution, colloid, and a suspension. What technique can be used to determine if a substance is a solution, colloid, or a suspension?

24. Is making a solution a physical or chemical change? Why?

TAKS Review Questions:

1. One reason water is an effective solvent is that it —

A contains an oxygen atomB is a polar molecule

C has a freezing point of 0°CD can evaporate easily

2. What characteristic of water remains the same no matter what is dissolved in it?

A The ratio of hydrogen to oxygenB The ability to refract light

C The hydroxide ion concentrationD The freezing temperature

3. Which factor makes water an effective solvent?

A The presence of molecular oxygen B Its lack of covalent bonds

C The polar nature of its molecules D Its abundance on Earth’s surface

4. As a scuba diver goes deeper underwater, the diver must be aware that the increased pressure affects the human body

by increasing the —

A body’s temperature B amount of dissolved gases in the body

C amount of suspended solids in the body D concentration of minerals in the body

5. A recipe calls for 210 grams of sugar to be dissolved in 0.25 liter of water. After the mixture is stirred, some sugar crystals remain in the water. What can be added to the mixture to help dissolve the remaining sugar crystals?

A Thermal energyB 2.0 g of baking soda

C Ice cubesD 2.0 g of sodium chloride