1. All of the following statement about glucocorticoids are true EXCEPT

A. inhibiting both the early and the late manifestation of inflammation

B. affecting all types of inflammatory reactions

C. inhibiting the amount of neutrophil

D. inhibiting the release of arachidonic acid

E. inhibiting granulation tissue formation

2. Vit K is a substance to prevent or reduce bleeding caused by

A. heprin

B. aspirin

C. urokinase

D. streptokinase

E. dicoumarin

3.Which of the following mechanisms best accounts for the anti-thyroid effect of methylthiouracil？

A. Inhibiting peroxidase and decreasing the thyroxin synthesis

B. Inhibiting the thyroid releasing

C. Inhibiting the absorption of iodine

D. Interfering with the utilization of iodine

E. Decomposing the thyroxin

4. Which of the following mechanisms best accounts for the anticoagulant effect of heparin?

A. Binding antithromin Ⅲ and accelerating the deactivation of coagulant factors consequently

B. Interfering with the utilization of Vit k and decreasing synthesis of coagulant factors

C. Inhibiting the platelet aggregation

D. Inhibiting the activity of thrombase

E. Antagonizing the effect of thromba

5. Which of the following statements about insulin is NOT true?

A. It can be administrated orally

B. It can be used in somepsychotic disorders

C. Hypoglycemiais its’ most common adverse reaction

D. It can be used in IDDM and NIDDM

E. It can cause anaphylactic reaction

6. Which of the following symptoms is a withdrawal syndrome of glucocorticoids?

A. Induction and aggravation of infections

B. Iatrogenic adrenocortical insufficiency

C. central obesity

D. Hypertension

E. Osteoporosis

7.The patients with bronchial asthma can not be given

A. adrenaline

B. ephedrine

C. aspirin

D. aminophylline

E. salbutamol

8. Which is the best scheme for treatment of megaloblastic anemia

  1. folic acid
  2. folic acid plus ferrous sulfate
  3. Vit B12
  4. folic acid plus Vit B12
  5. Vit B12 plus ferrous sulfate

9.Among the following anti-inflammatory mechanisms of glucocorticoids, which one can commonly be observed ?

A. Increased influx of leukocytes to the site of inflammation

B. Reduced expression of ACEI

C. Reduced capillary permeability and edema at the inflammatory site

D. Increased prostaglandin formation

E. Enhanced formation of pro-inflammatory interleukins

10. Which of the following mechanisms BEST accounts for the anti-thyroid effect of high concentrations of iodine

A. Inhibiting peroxidase and decreasing the thyroxin synthesis

B. Inhibiting the thyroid hormones release

C. Inhibiting the absorption of iodine

D. Interfering with the utilization of iodine

E. Decomposing the thyroid hormones

11. A 60-year-old diabetic male is treated with insulin plus pioglitazone, what is the mechanism of the latter?

A. Increased release of endogenous insulin

B. Decreased plasma glucagon levels

C. Increased hepatic gluconeogenesis

D. Increased target tissue sensitivity to insulin

E. Decreased intestinal absorption of glucose

12. Which of the following hypoglycemic drugs can inhibit α-glycosidase?

A. insulin

B. glyburide

C. pioglitazone

D. acarbose

E. metformin

13.All of the following drugs can be used in peptic ulcer except

A. Sodium bicarbonate

B. Aluminium hydroxide

C. Cimetidine

D. aminophylline

E. Sucralfate

14.Glucocorticoids can be used to treat severe bacterial infections the reason is

A. they can act as good antimicrobials

B. they are able to enhance the immunity

C. the phagocytic ability of neutrophils can be promoted by these drugs

D. they possess anti-inflammatory and antitoxic action

E. they produce a synergistic action with antibacterisl drugs

15.Prednisolone (a kind of GCS)may cause all the following effects EXCEPT

A.water and sodium retention

B.negative balance of nitrogen

C.peptic ulcer

D.epileptic attack

E. hypoglycemic effects

16.Which of the following drugs CANNOTinhibit platelet aggregation

A.Dipyridamole

B.Aspirin

C.Ticlopidine

D.Streptokinase

E.Ticlopidine

17. The best drug used in treating iron deficiency anemia is

  1. Epo
  2. Vitamin B12
  3. Iron
  4. Folic acid
  5. GCS

18. All of the following statements about cimetidine are true except

  1. An H2-receptor blocker
  2. used in peptic ulcer
  3. reduced the secretion of gastric acid
  4. little adverse reactions
  5. recurrence is rare after treatment is stopped

19. The drug which is useful in treatment of peptic ulcer caused by aspirin is

  1. Al(OH)3
  2. Misoprostol
  3. Omeprazole
  4. Pirenzepine

E.Cimetidine

20. The anti-asthmatic effect of Salbutamol is attributed to

  1. inhibition of intracellular cGMP
  2. blockade of M-receptor
  3. activation of adenylate cyclane
  4. stimulation of β2 receptor
  5. inhibition of phosphodiesterase

Assay questions

1.Please tell the probable adverse reactions after long-time and high-dose use of glucocorticoids?

(1)Iatrogenic Cushing’s syndrome: mainly caused by metabolism disorder of lipid, protein, glucose and water-electrolyte. The symptoms include sodium retention, hypokalemia, hypertension, moon face, bump back, diabetes, muscle wasting.

(2)Induction and aggravation of infection

(3)Possible risk of peptic ulcers

(4)Cardiovascular complications: such as hypertension and arteriolosclerosis

(5)Osteoporosis

(6)Other complications: acute psychosis, hypomania,growth retardation and so on.

2.Please compare the anticoagulant mechanisms of heparin and oral anticoagulants.

(1)Mechanism of heparin: enhance the anticoagulative activity of ATⅢand accelerate inactivation of clotting factors (Ⅱa, Ⅸa, Ⅹa, Ⅺa, Ⅻa ).

Because ATⅢis plasma serine protease inhibitor, it is an α-globulin that inhibits protease, and several active clotting factors belong to serine protease(including factorⅡa, Ⅸa, Ⅹa, Ⅺa, Ⅻa ).

(2)Mechanism oforal anticoagulants:antagonizing Vitamin K→inhibiting the synthesis of clotting factor Ⅱ,Ⅶ,Ⅸ,Ⅹ.

Because several of the protein clotting factors (including FactorⅡ,Ⅶ,Ⅸ,Ⅹ) that are involved in the coagulation reactions depend on vitamin K as a cofactor in their complete synthesis by the liver.