Name ______Block _____

Chapter 13 Reading Guide: Biological Productivity and Energy Transfer

  1. What are three examples of photosynthetic producers?
  1. What organism represents the largest community of organisms in the marine environment?
  1. What is primary productivity?
  1. What two processes drive primary productivity?
  1. What is one of the most direct ways of measuring the amount of primary productivity?
  1. How can ocean color be used as an indicator for oceanic productivity?
  1. What two main factors limit the amount of oceanic productivity?
  1. What two factors influence ocean color?
  1. Which ocean has a higher productivity level: yellow/green ocean or clear-blue ocean? Explain.
  1. True or False. Colder water contains higher amounts of nutrients than warm water.
  1. True or False. Seaweed is a type of macro algae.
  1. Match the types of macro algae to its correct descriptions.

____ Common in freshwaterA. Red Algae

____ Ex. sea lettuceB. Green Algae

____ Most abundant and widespreadC. Brown Algae

____ Ex. Sargassum

____ Include largest members of attached species

____ Most species are intertidal

  1. Define the following:

Autotrophic
Heterotrophic
Herbivore
Carnivore
Omnivore
Decomposer
  1. What limits the number of feeding populations in an ecosystem?
  1. What trophic level should fisherman choose in order to sustain marine trophic pyramids?
  1. True or False. Animals that feed through a food web rather than a food chain are more likely to survive because they have alternative foods to eat.
  1. Match the type of symbiotic relationship to its correct descriptions.

______Ex. Nemo and a Sea AnenomeA. Commensalism

______Ex. Remoras attaching themselves to a sharkB. Mutualism

______Ex. Isopods attaching to fishC. Parasitism

______Causes harm to one organism

______Does not cause harm to organisms (2 answers)

______One party benefits at the expense of the other

______A smaller, less dominant participant benefits

______Both participants benefit

Read Box 13.1 “ Red Tides” on page 398 to answer the following:

1)What causes a red tide?

2)What are two ways a dramatic increase in dinoflagellates can negatively affect marine life?

3)What is PSP and what causes it?

4)What months are dangerous for red tides in the Northern Hemisphere?

5)What is Amnesic Shellfish Poisoning and what causes it?

6)What made the birds attack in Alfred Hitchcock’s classic “The Birds?”