Table S1. Socio-demographic characteristics and potential risk factors for S. aureus and MRSA carriage
Characteristic / No. of participants(%) / No. of
S. aureus carriers
(% among participants with that characteristic) / p-value / No. of
MRSA carriers
(% among participants with that characteristic) / p-value
Living area / <0.001 / 0.674
urban / 1,945 (57.9) / 431 (22.2) / 38 (1.9)
rural / 1,416 (42.1) / 246 (17.4) / 24 (1.7)
Gender / 0.496 / 0.326
female / 1,935 (57.6) / 398 (20.6) / 40 (2.1)
male / 1,426 (42.4) / 279(19.6) / 22 (1.5)
Years of school educationa / 0.675 / 0.483
0 / 315 (9.4) / 58 (18.4) / 5 (1.6)
1-4 / 2,799 (83.3) / 567 (20.3) / 55 (0.8)
≥ 5 / 246 (7.3) / 52 (21.2) / 2 (1.9)
Retirees / 0.192 / 0.357
retired / 3,015 (89.7) / 617 (20.5) / 60 (1.9)
active / 346 (10.3) / 60 (17.3) / 2 (3.2)
Housing / 0.064 / <0.001
family home / 3,062 (91.1) / 604(19.7) / 45 (1.5)
retirement home / 299 (8.9) / 73 (24.4) / 17 (5.7)
Weekly contact with children≤ 6 yrs / 0.219 / 0.874
yes / 650 (19.3) / 119 (18.3) / 11 (1.7)
no / 2,711 (80.7) / 558 (20.6) / 51 (1.9)
Recreational activities / 0.277 / 0.089
none / 2,242 (66.7) / 437 (19.5) / 48 (2.1)
club / 320(9.5) / 60 (18.7) / 1 (0.3)
day center / 652 (19.4) / 148 (22.6) / 13 (1.9)
senior university / 48 (1.5) / 13 (27.1) / 0 (0.0)
other / 99 (2.9) / 19 (19.4) / 0 (0.0)
Smoker / 0.074 / 0.729
yes / 126 (3.7) / 17 (13.5) / 1 (0.8)
no / 3,235 (96.3) / 660 (20.4) / 61 (1.8)
Chronic disease
at least one of the indicated below / 2,776 (82.6) / 565 (20.4) / 0.498 / 52 (1.9) / 0.907
none / 585 (17.4) / 112 (19.1) / 10 (1.7)
Table S1 (cont.). Socio-demographic characteristics and potential risk factors for S. aureus and MRSA carriage
Characteristic / No. of participants(%) / No. of
S. aureus carriers
(% among participants with that characteristic) / p-value / No. of
MRSA carriers
(% among participants with that characteristic) / p-value
COPDb / 0.516 / 0.117
yes / 497 (14.8) / 106 (21.3) / 14 (2.8)
no / 2,864 (85.2) / 571 (19.9) / 48 (1.7)
asthma / 0.330 / <0.001
yes / 218 (6.5) / 50 (22.9) / 11 (5.0)
no / 3,143 (93.5) / 627 (19.9) / 51 (1.6)
hepatic disease / 0.166 / 0.640
yes / 70 (2.1) / 9 (12.8) / 0 (0.0)
no / 3,291 (97.9) / 668 (20.3) / 62 (1.9)
renal disease / 0.714 / 0.637
yes / 68 (2.0) / 12 (17.6) / 0 (0.0)
no / 3,293 (98.0) / 665 (20.2) / 62 (1.9)
diabetes / 0.783 / 0.322
yes / 951 (28.3) / 195 (20.5) / 21 (2.2)
no / 2,410 (71.7) / 482 (20.0) / 41 (1.7)
hypertension / 0.351 / 0.601
yes / 2,058 (61.2) / 423 (20.6) / 36 (1.7)
no / 1,303 (38.8) / 254 (19.5) / 26 (2.0)
heart disease / 0.999 / 0.891
yes / 1,082 (32.2) / 218 (20.1) / 19 (1.8)
no / 2,279 (67.8) / 459 (20.1) / 43 (1.9)
Hospitalization in previous year / 0.033 / 0.001
yes / 510 (15.2) / 121 (23.7) / 21 (4.1)
no / 2,851 (84.8) / 556 (19.5) / 41 (1.4)
Respiratory infection in previous year
at least one of the indicated below / 1,524 (45.3) / 303 (19.8) / 0.771 / 33 (1.8) / 0.246
none / 1,837 (54.7) / 374 (20.4) / 29 (1.6)
asthma/bronchitis / 0.064 / <0.001
yes / 200 (5.9) / 51 (25.5) / 11 (5.5)
no / 3,161 (94.0) / 626 (19.8) / 51 (1.6)
1
Table S1 (cont.). Socio-demographic characteristics and potential risk factors for S. aureus and MRSA carriage
Characteristic / No. of participants(%) / No. of
S. aureus carriers
(% among participants with that characteristic) / p-value / No. of
MRSA carriers
(% among participants with that characteristic) / p-value
cold/flu / 0.181 / 0.779
yes / 997 (29.6) / 186 (18.6) / 17 (1.8)
no / 2,364 (70.3) / 491 (20.8) / 45 (1.9)
rhinosinusitis / 0.284 / 0.838
yes / 367 (10.8) / 82 (22.4) / 7 (1.9)
no / 2,994 (89.0) / 595 (19.9) / 55 (1.8)
tonsillitis / 0.171 / 0.059
yes / 359 (10.7) / 62 (17.3) / 2 (0.6)
no / 3,002 (89.3) / 615 (20.5) / 60 (2.0)
pneumonia / 0.614 / 0.006
yes / 64 (1.9) / 15 (23.4) / 5 (7.8)
no / 3,297 (98.1) / 662 (20.1) / 57 (1.7)
Mild symptoms of respiratory disease at sampling
at least one of the indicated below / 1,298 (38.6) / 263 (20.3) / 0.197 / 52 (1.8) / 0.867
none / 2,063 (61.4) / 414 (20.1) / 10 (0.5)
sputum / 0.247 / 0.999
yes / 330 (9.8) / 75 (22.7) / 6 (1.8)
no / 3,031 (90.2) / 602 (19.9) / 56 (1.8)
cough / 0.823 / 0.999
yes / 608 (18.1) / 120 (19.7) / 11 (1.8)
no / 3,031 (90.2) / 557 (18.4) / 51 (1.7)
shortness of breath / 0.185 / 0.016
yes / 278 (8.3) / 65 (23.4) / 11 (3.9)
no / 3,083 (91.7) / 612 (19.9) / 51 (1.7)
sore throat / 0.491 / 0.856
yes / 491 (14.6) / 105 (21.4) / 8 (1.6)
no / 2,870 (85.4) / 572 (19.9) / 54 (1.9)
runny nose / 0.986 / 0.337
yes / 425 (12.6) / 85 (20.0) / 5 (1.2)
no / 2,936 (87.4) / 592 (20.2) / 57 (1.9)
Characteristic / No. of participants
(%) / No. of
S. aureus carriers
(% among participants with that characteristic) / p-value / No. of
MRSA carriers
(% among participants with that characteristic) / p-value
fever / 0.999 / 0.298
yes / 19 (0.6) / 4 (21.0) / 1 (5.3)
no / 3,342 (99.4) / 673 (20.1) / 61 (1.8)
Vaccination
seasonal flu / 0.601 / 0.591
yes / 1,954 (51.8) / 400 (20.4) / 39 (1.9)
no / 1,392 (41.4) / 277 (19.9) / 23 (1.7)
PPV23c / 0.478 / 0.723
yes / 122 (3.6) / 21 (17.2) / 1 (0.8)
no / 3,239 (96.4) / 656 (20.3) / 61 (1.9)
Antibiotic consumption
at sampling / 0.524 / 0.318
yes / 62 (1.8) / 10 (16.1) / 2 (3.2)
no / 3,299 (98.2) / 667 (20.2) / 60 (1.8)
month before / 0.041 / 0.163
yes / 191 (5.7) / 27 (14.1) / 6 (3.1)
no / 3,170 (94.3) / 650 (20.5) / 56 (1.8)
previous 6 months / 0.781 / 0.140
yes / 257 (7.6) / 54 (21.0) / 8 (3.1)
no / 3,104 (92.4) / 623 (20.1) / 54 (1.7)
Table S1 (cont.). Socio-demographic characteristics and potential risk factors for S. aureus and MRSA carriage
aNotavailable for one participant, reference test was 0 years of school education;
bChronicobstructive pulmonary disease
c23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine.
1