Chapter 21-22 AP Review (Metternich, Nationalism and Realism)
Terms to know: Klemens Von Metternich (633), Conservatism (635), Liberalism (642), Socialism (644), Utopian Socialists (644), Individualism (657), Napoleon III (666), Zollverein (673), Otto Von Bismarck (673), Ausgleich (678), Victorian Age (682), Karl Marx (686), Natural Selection (689), Realism (693)
Metternich: Foreign Minister of Austria who led in the early 18oo’s
-Guided the Congress of Vienna
-Principle of Legitimacy (bring back bloodline monarchs)
-Balance of Power (redistributed land to make no one country too powerful in Europe)
-Conservatism (revert back to traditional ways)
-Principle of Intervention (could send army in to stop revolution and restore legitimate monarch
Liberalism: The idea that people should be as free as possible
-Lasissez-Faire economics
-Malthus said poverty natural let it be nature will take its course
-David Ricardo said more people = drop in wages = have less kids and repeat the cycle
-Political Liberals wanted to protect civil liberties like religion, speech, press etc
-All extension of Enlightenment
Socialism: The idea that human cooperation trumps market competition
-Different branches like Marxism (later Communism)
-Utopian Socialists(against private property, all work for common good) most failed
-Karl Marx believed that there needed to be a sudden overthrow of class
- Led by the proletariat (working class)
Individualism: A part of Romanticism that looked at people individually and uniqueness
-Let to change in clothing, hair style and cultural diversity
NapoleonIII : Initially Louis-Napoleon creates the second French Empire by 1852
-Gave universal suffrage and was very popular and won election easily in ‘51
-Used government money to stimulate local economies
-Building projects like narrowing roads
-Legalized trade unions and seen as a political liberal
-Not good with foreign policy
- Lost Mexico under Maximilian in ‘67
- Goaded into Franco-Prussian War in 1870-71 by Bismarck and loses
Zollverein: A German Customs union that helped unify all the disparate communities that had broken off of the Holy Roman Empire (started the unification of Germany)
Otto Von Bismarck: Helped form the New German nation in 1871 and became chancellor
-Practiced Realpolitik (using realism in politics)
-Very practical and methodical in his fighting
-Edited a telegram to coax France into the Franco-Prussian War in 1870
-Won the Danish War earlier
-Goaded Austria into war as well
Ausgleich: Means compromise and refers to the compromise that created a dual monarchy of Austria-Hungary in 1867
Victorian Age: Time of Queen Victoria’s rule from 1837-1901 (the longest British Rule) and seen as a time of moral respectability and proper etiquette
Natural Selection: An idea that became popular in the middle of the 1800’s and referred to the idea that evolution occurred through selection of beneficial traits
-Charles Darwin and the theory of Evolution
-Organic evolution= evolution from simple to complex
-Sexual Revolution= bigger better live long enough to breed and pass traits
-Lamarck= Law of use and disuse
-Human evolution= Decent of Man by Darwin
-People afraid when law of survival of the fittest is applied to society
Realism: Reaction to Romanticism and tried to portray things as they are in life. Books often were about pitiful people and their sad existence. Popular in the 1850’s as a result of the Industrial and Urban life