Name: Additional Problems
AP Chemistry Grade 11
1.Write formulas for the following compounds and determine the percentage composition of each:
a.nitric acid
b.ammonia
c.mercury(II) sulfate
d.antimony(V) fluoride
2.Calculate the percentage composition of the following compounds:
a.lithium bromide, LiBr
b.anthracene, C14H10
c.ammonium nitrate, NH4NO3
d.nitrous acid, HNO2
e.silver sulfide, Ag2S
f.iron(II) thiocyanate, Fe(SCN)2
3.Calculate the percentage of the given element in each of the following compounds:
a.nitrogen in urea, NH2CONH2
b.sulfur in sulfuryl chloride, SO2Cl2
c.thallium in thallium(III) oxide, Tl2O3
d.oxygen in potassium chlorate, KClO3
e.bromine in calcium bromide, CaBr2
f.tin in tin(IV) oxide, SnO2
4.Calculate the mass of the given element in each of the following quantities:
a.oxygen in 4.00 g of manganese dioxide, MnO2
b.aluminum in 50.0 metric tons of aluminum oxide, Al2O3
c.silver in 325 g silver cyanide, AgCN
d.gold in 0.780 g of gold(III) selenide, Au2Se3
e.selenium in 683 g sodium selenite, Na2SeO3
f.chlorine in 5.0 104 g of 1,1-dichloropropane, CHCl2CH2CH3
5.Calculate the percentage of water in each of the following hydrates:
a.strontium chloride hexahydrate, SrCl2 6H2O
b.zinc sulfate heptahydrate, ZnSO4 7H2O
c.calcium fluorophosphatedihydrate, CaFPO3 2H2O
d.beryllium nitrate trihydrate, Be(NO3)2 3H2O
Practice
1.Determine the simplest formula for compounds that have the following analyses. The data may not be exact.
a.36.2% aluminum and 63.8% sulfur ans: Al2S3
b.93.5% niobium and 6.50% oxygen ans: Nb5O2
c.57.6% strontium, 13.8% phosphorus, and 28.6% oxygen ans: Sr3P2O8 or Sr3(PO4)2
d.28.5% iron, 48.6% oxygen, and 22.9% sulfur ans: Fe2S3O12 or Fe2(SO4)3
Practice
1.Determine the molecular formula of each of the following unknown substances:
a.empirical formula CH2, experimental molar mass 28 g/molans: C2H4
b.empirical formula B2H5, experimental molar mass 54 g/molans: B4H10
c.empirical formula C2HCl, experimental molar mass 179 g/molans: C6H3Cl3
d.empirical formula C6H8O, experimental molar mass 290 g/molans: C18H24O3
e.empirical formula C3H2O, experimental molar mass 216 g/molans: C12H8O4
Practice
1.How many moles of sodium will react with water to produce 4.0 mol of hydrogen in the following reaction?
2Na(s) + 2H2O(l) 2NaOH(aq) + H2(g) ans: 8.0 mol Na
2.How many moles of lithium chloride will be formed by the reaction of chlorine with 0.046 mol of lithium bromide in the following reaction?
2LiBr(aq) + Cl2(g) 2LiCl(aq) + Br2(l) ans: 0.046 molLiCl
Sample Problem Setcontinued
3.Aluminum will react with sulfuric acid in the following reaction.
2Al(s) + 3H2SO4(l) Al2(SO4)3(aq) + 3H2(g)
a.How many moles of H2SO4 will react with 18 mol Al? ans: 27 mol H2SO4
b.How many moles of each product will be produced?
ans: 27 mol H2, 9 mol Al2(SO4)3
4.Propane burns in excess oxygen according to the following reaction.
C3H8 + 5O2 3CO2 + 4H2O
a.How many moles each of CO2 and H2O are formed from 3.85 mol of propane? ans: 11.6 mol CO2, 15.4 mol H2O
b.If 0.647 mol of oxygen is used in the burning of propane, how many moles each of CO2 and H2O are produced? How many moles of C3H8 are consumed? ans: 0.388 mol CO2, 0.518 mol H2O, 0.129 mol C3H8
Practice
1.Phosphorus burns in air to produce a phosphorus oxide in the following reaction:
4P(s) + 5O2(g) P4O10(s)
a.What mass of phosphorus will be needed to produce 3.25 mol of P4O10? ans: 403 g P
b.If 0.489 mol of phosphorus burns, what mass of oxygen is used? What mass of P4O10 is produced? ans: 19.6 g O2, 15.4 g P2O4
2.Hydrogen peroxide breaks down, releasing oxygen, in the following reaction:
2H2O2(aq) 2H2O(l) + O2(g)
a.What mass of oxygen is produced when 1.840 mol of H2O2 decomposes? ans: 29.44 g O2
b.What mass of water is produced when 5.0 mol O2 is produced by this reaction? ans: 180 g H2O
Practice
1.Sodium carbonate reacts with nitric acid according to the following equation.
Na2CO3(s) + 2HNO3 2NaNO3 + CO2 + H2O
a.How many moles of Na2CO3 are required to produce 100.0 g of NaNO3? ans: 0.5882 mol Na2CO3
b.If 7.50 g of Na2CO3 reacts, how many moles of CO2 are produced? ans: 0.0708 mol CO2
2.Hydrogen is generated by passing hot steam over iron, which oxidizes to form Fe3O4, in the following equation.
3Fe(s) + 4H2O(g) 4H2(g) + Fe3O4(s)
a.If 625 g of Fe3O4 is produced in the reaction, how many moles of hydrogen are produced at the same time? ans: 10.8 mol H2
b.How many moles of iron would be needed to generate 27 g of hydrogen? ans: 10. mol Fe
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