Design and Implementation of a Smart Fire Alarm Systemusinggsm Technologies Via Short

Design and Implementation of a Smart Fire Alarm SystemUsingGSM Technologies Via Short Messages Service

Abstract–In This Paper, a smart control and monitoring of fire alarm system was described which can be used in the process of remote control and monitoring for different electronic applications.

AShort Message Service (SMS)was used as a method of wireless connection in the designed system. The adopted (T-BoxN12R device) which was programed in Java to Micro Edition language(J2ME) will keep scanning the received gas smoke data signal from the Gas Smoke Sensor output to pre monitor the ability of occurrence of a fire, once it detects that the collected data (Gas Level) exceed a predefined threshold it will enable the communication with GSM network and send the ALARM SMS message to the predefined phone number. Also it will Turn Alarm Buzzer “ON”, Close The Doors. And Turn Water Pumping Motor “ON”.

Keywords- Fire Alarm System, GSM, Remote Control and Monitoring system,SMS.

I-INTRODUCTION

In order to prevent fires from occurring or minimize their impact, accurate and early detection is essential. There are numerous monitoring and alarm systems available, but they do have various shortcomings. Mobile technologies, including the global system for mobile communication (GSM) and the short-range wireless data connection technology could be used to monitor and detect fires to prevent fire from occur. It is believed that the incorporation of the proposed system with current and new homes can result in a much smarter home or properties that can inform their owners or an authority in case of a fire[1].

II-LITRETURE REVIEW

C. Luoet.al. (2007), the authors designed a security robot which is constructed using an aluminum frame; The main controller of the security robot is an industrial standard PC (IPC) with a Pentium-III 933 CPU and 256 MB RAM.The hardware devices consist of a touch screen, charge-coupled device (CCD) camera, sensors and sensory circuits, driver system, etc The sensory system consists of seven subsystems, There are the fire-detection subsystem, intruder-detection subsystem, power-detection subsystem, environment-detection subsystem, motor-control subsystem and obstacle-detection sub system.
A cooperative quick-response fire control system orienting multiple targets is researched, its system structure is set up and cooperative targets mechanism is analyzed.

L. Chengqiang. et. al. (2008). In this paper a network environment integrating wire and wireless communication is built, and the fire control database with a five-layers (Data source layer, Data
Persistence layer, Domain layer Controller/Mediator layer, Presentation layer) structure is established, which is critical to resolve the cooperative control problem in the quick-response fire control system.
H.C. Muller (2009), the authors designed a system which presents a MSbFD (Multi Sensor based Fire Detection) Algorithm using two fire parameters (temperature and optical smoke density). These two sensors were chosen since ionization systems may become increasingly difficult to apply because of the environmental regulations being imposed on them.The evaluation and processing of the sensor signals iscarried out by the use of Fuzzy Logic.

H. Hu Gang (2009), the authors clarified that aWireless Multi-Sensor Fire Detection And Alarm System can be performed based on ARM, The system uses nRF2401 for short-range wireless communications, GPRS for long-distance wireless communications, ARM9 for center console, Wireless Multi-sensor Fire Detector for node, and BP algorithm is used for judging the probability of fire.Wireless Multi-sensor Fire Detector is formed of the low-power electrochemical carbon monoxide sensor, photoelectric smoke detector and semiconductor temperature sensor.

Finally, S. & Y.(2010), the researchers illustrate that that Mobile technologies, including the global system for mobile communication (GSM) and the ZigBee short-range wireless data connection technology could be used to monitor and detect fires.

In this paper, the use of short messages (SMS) as one of the GSM technologies in a smart system were studied and investigated which can be used to monitor and control of a fire alarm.Our paper is organized as follows: section 2 presents The System Structure, while section 3 presents the System Implementation,.Finally, the conclusions are clarified in section 4.

III-SYSTEM STRUCTURE

The designed system consists of several modules: smoke sensor pack, signal conditioning circuits, microcontroller with embedded GSM modem, SIM card and Water Pumping Motor as shown in Fig. 3.

A.Sensors pack and signal conditioning circuits:
Gas / smoke sensors are commonly used for gas leakage detection, gas concentration measuring, or gas analysis. These sensors can be classified into three types: contact burning, semiconductor, and thermal conductive thermistor.

• Semiconductor Gas Sensor

Conductivity of semiconductors changes when its surface is exposed to varying levels of gas concentration. This unique characteristic of semiconductors allows it to be used as effective gas sensors. Semiconductor gas sensors are basically based on the principle of a change in conductivity caused by a change in gas concentration on semiconductor (SnOa, ZnO, or PezOs) surfaces. An industrial gas sensor, type TGS 813, shown in figure (1) is widely used in marsh gas and natural gas detections.

The operating voltage of TGS 813 is in the range between 5 and 24 V, DC or AC. The maximum power dissipation is about 15 mW. The circuit of Figure (1) is a typical circuit for TGS 813 tests- In circuit, the sensor resistance RS is serially connected to the load resistance RL to form a voltage divider, and then shunted to the operating voltage Vc.

The Vc provides a stable current through the divider and produces a voltage drop across the RL when fresh air absorbed on the sensor surface. If the concentration of gas increases, the output voltage Vrl will increase due to the decrease of sensor resistance RS. As a result, the change in output voltage Vrl is a function of the change in gas concentration. The value of sensor resistance RS can be calculated by the following equation:

RS=[(Vc x RL )/ Vrl] –RL. (1)

Fig. 1 Typical testing circuit of TGS 813

• Signal Conditioning Circuits

Figure (2) shows a gas/smoke detector circuit that can be used for gas leakage, CO, and smoke detections. R2 is used to preset the reference gas ,Concentration level.The OP AMP U1-d is a level detector for detecting the '"difference between the preset value at pin 12 and the measured value at pin 13”.

If the voltage at pin 13 exceeds the voltage at pin 12, U1-d outputs a low potential, the integrator (R5 & C1) does not charge so the output of timer U2 (NE555) is low and the buzzer does not turn on.

If the measured value exceeds the preset value, output of U1-d goes to high potential and the integrator starts to charge. When the charge voltage reach or over the voltage at J2. output of U1-c goes to a high potential which triggers a series of output pulses from U2, turning on the buzzer. The buzzer will stay on as long as the gas concentrations are higher than the preset level.

Fig. 2 gas smoke detector

B. The Microcontroller:

The microcontroller is terminated with GSM connectivity. the T-BoxN12R microcontroller is designed using the most advanced solutions from Nokia. It has a built-in Nokia 12 modem [8] for data transfer. So, various data transferchannels of GSM can be used. In this way, a reliable connection can be offered in this research for the best price.

The microcontroller operates in any GSM network: 900/1800 MHz or 850/1900 MHz

EDGE, GPRS,HSCSD, CSD and SMS could be used for data transfer [7].

The microcontroller consists from 3 analog inputs, 7 digital inputs, and 8 digital outputs., the microcontroller can be used as a remote control unit, data collection and transfer unit. , digital outputs can be used to manage external loads like relays, lights etc., digital inputs can be used to monitor the status of external devices. The inputs are optically isolated. analog inputs enable to measure the static signals like voltage, current, temperature, etc., you can control the external devices connected via RS-232 interface.

The microcontroller includes Java™ with remote IMlet downloading. It means that this controller can beprogrammed according consumer requirements with standard and easy available tools. Integrated TCP/IP stack enables to make an IP connection to remote servers or modules. It is a very easy to send and receive data. Integrated CORBA support allows creating distributed applications. [7]

C. Embedded GSM modem:

Theembedded GSM modem offers high speed wireless connection, It supports several technologies for wireless data transfer, which can be used where GSM network is available. It can send and receive short messages containing a maximum of 160 characters [7].

In this application, The embedded GSM modem transmits an alarm SMS message to the mobile phone(s) if there is an occurrence of a fire in the factory or in the building. [7]

D. Water Pumping Motor:

A Water Pumping Motor is a part of a fire sprinkler system's water supply and usually can be powered by electric, diesel or steam, in this project a relay was used to make the pumping motor being “ON” in case of a fire and vice versa.Figure (3) shows the block diagram for the designed system.

Fig.3 TheSystem Block Diagram.

IV-SYSTEM IMPLEMENTATION

A.System Protocol:

• WAP and SMS Based Data Transfer
  

Remotely installed measuring systems, where long period, nonstop measurement campaigns are under process, can utilize these mobile devices to transfer to a remote user, the measurement process under any eventual errors that have occurred This data transfer may be done easily through two communication protocols namely. the Short Messaging Service (SMS) and Wireless Application Protocol (WAP). These two technologies are complementary. SMS messages have long been familiar to the mobile phone users and are affordable. SMS not only acts as the store and forward messaging service but also serves as the bearer forother wireless application delivery technologies. Another feature that makes SMSunique is the potential to route server-initiated requests to the handset and the SIM. This allowspushing of messages and application to the userwithout waiting for any action by the user. SMSmessages are supported by allmobile phoneswithout regard to a particular configuration. Theuser can send and receive messages as long astheir mobile is switched on. The user will he informed of any special condition such as alarms, warnings etc. The use of SMS extends the data transfer to a larger number of telephone sets.

WAP is an open protocol for wireless messaging. It provides the same technology to all vendors regardless of the network system. This means that there will be WAP compliant terminals from several manufacturers. Also theserver technology is open, so operators and companies can select from a wide range of products. WAP is intended to provide thecommon application environment for mobile users. WAP utilize internet standards such as XML, UDP, IF'. WML and WML Scripts are used to produce the WAP content to make optimum use of small displays that allows navigation to be performed easily, In future, all 'mobile phones will support WAP and permanently get connected with data mode. [8]

Thus, accessing via WAP phones provide an interface that is feature rich and easy to navigate.

• Communicating with SMS

The SMS facility is provided by most of the digital cellular networks (such as GSM, TDMA etc). Using SMS messages can be sent orreceived to/from a remote user through mobile phone. SMS is a standard and mature technology of the GSM network. It supports a maximum of 160 characters(374) and can have a data transfer delay of 10-20 seconds typically. In the present work, the following tasks have been identified for use through the SMS,

a)To react with a user by receiving and replying

b)To periodically send the status of messages.

c)To notify the received messages by alarms, warnings and errors.

Alarms and surveillance systems are applications that need to coexist with remote monitoring and control. With the use of SMS the systems does not need any subscription with an alarm central, instead the user can monitor and control the alarm via a mobile phone from anywhere.[8]

B.Software Development:

This section presents the way that you can use to handle with the microcontroller device to make use of it’s abilities to perform the remote monitor and control process for the fires in the homes , factories, etc. and to use it in many other useful applications.

The programming process of the microcontroller device includes: install necessary tools, Create an IMlet, Compilethe IMlet against the classes.zip file from the Nokia 12 ConceptSimulator,Create a Manifest.mf file, Package and preverify the IMlet, Test the IMlet in the Nokia 12 Concept simulator, and Install the IMlet into the microcontroller device using the Nokia 12 Congigurator software which is the last step of the programming process. Now the program is ready to execute to perform the monitor and control operation of the existing situation.

In this application, The microcontroller will keep scanning the received gas smoke data from the Gas Smoke Sensor output to pre monitor the ability of occurrence of a fire, once it detects that the collected data (GAS LEVEL) exceed a predefined threshold level it will enable the communication with GSM network after collecting sensory information to construct the SMS message of the current state and send the ALARM SMS message to the predefined phone number.

In case of alarm occur, the microcontroller will perform the following sequence of events:

Turn Alarm Buzzer “ON”.

Close The Doors.

Turn Water Pumping Motor “ON”.

Send Alarm SMS To Mobile Phone.

In case of no alarm, The microcontroller device will do the following events:

Turn Alarm “OFF” if it was “ON”.

Turn Pumping Motor “OFF” if it was “ON”.

Keep going.

C.Implementation Of The System

In this section, the performance of the Global System For Mobile Communications (GSM) was tested to show if it is suitable for using in an alarm system for a fire.

In the measurements, N86 mobile phone was used with an independent SIM card, connected to the microcontroller devicewhich is connected to the laptop and a small program in (JAVA J2ME) was implemented which generates short messages at the laptop and send it throw GSM network to the mobile phone. Each of these messages contains an identifier and the timestamp when it was created.40 SMS messages was sent in different times to determine the delay on the GSM for 40 SMS by calculating the delay for each SMS divided by 40 and this would lead to an exact results.

In the first scenario, 20 short messages are transmitted on ( 8 PM, Thursday 20/5/2010 ) and the results are shown in the fig. below:

Fig. 4 measurement of scenario 1

In the second scenario, 20 short messages are transmitted on ( 11:30 AM, Friday 21/5/2010 ) and the results are shown in the fig. below:

Fig. 5 measurement of scenario 2

Every measured delay is plotted in the above figures. It is noted that 99 % of the short messages are received in less than 11 seconds and the two figures shows that all the short messages were received correctly and no message was lost.

TABLE 1 SMS DELAYS

The measurement results show that the short message service SMS can be used in emergency situations, because of the low loss ratio and almost every message is received within a short time. However, a high capacity is needed if we decide to transmit the short messages to every user individually. This requires the use of the cell broadcast which decreases the load in terms of message per second in the system.

It is vital that a new control and monitoring systems should allow remote Orland mobile access to appliances. The main

* The main advantages of proposed controller are as follows:

1. Controller can be used to make an extended range mobile control and monitoring, operable from anywhere in the world. According to required security WAP control, SMS control or both can be used.

2. Enhanced security features:

automatic rebooting after fatal error or unauthorized access.

all SMS commands are protected by a unique command prefix and message identification;

all SMS commands are bi-directional - controller informs mobile user after execution of each command (reply messages) and for a pre-defined alert events (alert messages);

only valid commands are accepted by the SMS Manager;

anti-spam capabilities.

3. Very good prize to number of features ratio in comparison with similar controllers. [9]

From the two figures above, it is obvious that the GSM network is suitable to use in our designed system of fire alarm because it has a good performance of delivering short messages in reasonable time during the day

V-CONCLUTIONS

In this paper low cost, secure, ubiquitously accessible, auto-configurable, remotely controlled solution for automation of homes has been introduced., the paper has achieved the target to control home appliances remotely using the SMS-based system satisfying user needs and requirements. , GSM technology capable solution has proved to be controlled remotely, provide home security and is cost-effective ascompared to the other system used for the same purpose.

From The results obtained previously, the required goals andobjectives of our paper were achieved. The basic level of home appliance control and remote monitoringhas beenimplemented. The system is extensible and more levels can be further developed using automatic motion/glass breaking detectors so the solution can be integrated with these and other detection system.

REFERENCES

[1] (Liu L., Sun R., Sun Y. and Al-Sarawi S.),"A smart bushfire monitoring and detection system using GSM technology",Int. J. Computer Aided Engineering and Technology,Vol. 2, No. 2/3, P.: 218–233, ( IEEE2010).
[2] (Luo R. and Su K.), "Autonomous Fire-Detection System UsingAdaptive Sensory Fusion for Intelligent Security Robot "Mechatronics, IEEE/ASME Transactions on June 2007, Vol. 12,No. 3, P. 274 – 281, ISSN: 1083-4435 (IEEE2007).