Lecturer: Zoltán Kántor
Pázmány Péter Catholic University
Dep. of Political Sciences
National Minority Questions: Nationalism and Politics
The course’s aim is to introduce students in the field of nationalism, ethnicity and national minorities and to explain the theoretical framework of the topic. The course concentrates on the major theories and approaches to nationalism.
Each class will start with a short lecture (30 minutes), where I will present the general framework of the topic. Students will have to present in 10-15 minutes one of the compulsory readings. This will be followed by discussions.
Requirements
Students will have to read one or two articles or chapters for each course (20-30 pages). Students are encouraged to approach systematically the topics and take actively part in the discussions. There will be a strong emphasis on the understanding of the theories, and less on their applicability for particular cases. At the end of the semester students are required to submit a paper.
General Suggested Readings
· Alter, Peter: Nationalism. London: Arnold, 1989.
· Balakrishnan, Gopal (ed.): Mapping the Nation. London & New York: Verso, 1996.
· Calhoun, Craig: Nationalism. Buckingham: Open University Press, 1997.
· Hutchinson, John and Smith, Anthony D. (eds.): Ethnicity. Oxford University Press, 1996.
· Hutchinson, John and Smith, Anthony D. (eds.): Nationalism. Oxford University Press, 1994.
· McCrone, David: The Sociology of Nationalism: Tomorrow’s Ancestors. London and New York: Routledge, 1998.
· Nairn, Tom: Faces of Nationalism: Janus Revisited. London: Verso, 1997.
· Smith, Anthony D.: Nationalism and Modernism: a critical survey of recent theories of nations and nationalism. London and New York: Routledge, 1998.
· Smith, Anthony D.: The Nation is History: Historiographical Debates about Ethnicity and Nationalism. University Press of New England, 2000.
· Leoussi, Athena S.: Encyclopedia of Nationalism. New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction Publishers, 2001.
· Motyl, Alexander J. (ed.): Encyclopaedia of Nationalism. San Diego, CA: Academic Press, (2 volumes), 2000.
· Snyder, Louis L.: Encyclopedia of Nationalism. Chicago & London: St. James Press, 1990.
· Hutchinson, John and Smith, Anthony D. (eds.): Nationalism: critical concepts in political science. London & New York: Routledge, (5 volumes), 2000.
· Sukumar Perival (ed.): Notions of Nationalism. Budapest: Central European University Press, 1995.
· O. Dahbour and M. R. Ishay (eds.): The Nationalism Reader. New Jersey: Humanities Press, 1995.
· Guibernau, Montserrat & Hutchinson, John (eds): Understanding Nationalism. Polity Press, 2001.
· Schöpflin, George: Nations, Identity, Power: The New Politics of Europe. London: Hurst & Co., 2000.
1-2.
Introduction. What about is nationalism? Misconceptions on nationalism. What is a Theory of Nationalism? General background. Differences and similarities between sociological, political scientist, historical, psychological, economic and anthropological approaches. Concepts in the scholarship of nationalism. Classifications. Typologies.
· Brubaker, Rogers: Myths and Misconceptions in the Study of Nationalism. In John A. Hall (ed.): The State of the Nation: Ernest Gellner and the Theory of Nationalism. Cambridge University Press, 1998, 272-305.
· Hechter, Michael: Containing Nationalism. Oxford University Press, 2000. Chapters 1 and 2.
· Brubaker, Rogers: Nationalism Reframed: Nationhood and the National Question in the New Europe. Cambridge University Press, 1996, Chapter 1. “Rethinking nationhood: nation as institutionalized form, practical category, contingent event”.
· Connor, Walker: Ethnonationalism: the quest for understanding. Princeton University Press, 1994, Chapter 4. "Terminological Chaos ("A Nation Is a Nation, Is a State, Is an Ethnic Group, Is a …")", 90-117.
· Verdery, Katherine: Wither 'Nation' and 'Nationalism'? In Gopal Balakrishnan (ed.): Mapping the Nation. London & New York: Verso, 1996, 226-234.
· Hall, John A.: Nationalism, Classified and Explained. In Sukumar Perival (ed.): Notions of Nationalism. Central European University Press, 1995, 8-33.
· Seton-Watson, Hugh: Nations and States an enquiry into the origins of nations and the politics of nationalism. London: Methuen, 1977, "Intorduction", 1-13.
· Smith, Anthony D.: "Definitions" in Theories of Nationalism. London: Duckworth, 1971, 154-191.
· Connor, Walker: Ethnonationalism: the quest for understanding. Princeton University Press, 1994, Chapter 9 "When is a nation? ('From Tribe to Nation?')", 211-226.
· Nairn, Tom: Faces of Nationalism: Janus revisited. London & New York: Verso, 1997, Chapter 1. “On Studying Nationalism”, 1-17.
3-4.
a. Early understandings and approaches of nationalism. The roots.
J. S. Mill, Lord Acton, Giuseppe Mazzini, Ernest Renan, Herder, Karl Marx, the Austro-Marxists (Otto Bauer, Karl Renner), Lenin, Stalin, Max Weber
b. The first “theories”. Carlton Hayes, E.H. Carr, Hans Kohn, Karl Deutsch, John Plamenatz.
· Renan, Ernest: What is a Nation? In O. Dahbour and M. R. Ishay (eds.): The Nationalism Reader. New Jersey: Humanities Press, 1995, 143-155.
· Weber, Max: Economy and Society: An outline of interpretative sociology. Vol.1, Part II., Chapter 5. "Ethnic Groups" and chapter “The Nation”
· Plamenatz, John: Two Types of Nationalism. In Eugene Kamenka (ed.): Nationalism: The Nature and Evolution of an Idea. Edward Arnold, 1973, 23-54.
· Kohn, Hans: Western and Eastern Nationalisms. In John Hutchinson & Anthony D. Smith (eds.): Nationalism. Oxford University Press, 1994, 162-165.
5-6-7. Modernist approaches. Ernest Gellner, Benedict Anderson, Michael Mann, Liah Greenfeld, E.J. Hobsbawm, Miroslav Hroch, John Breuilly, Michael Hechter, George Schöpflin
· Gellner, Ernest: The Coming of Nationalism and its Interpretation: the myths of nation and Class. In Gopal Balakrishnan (ed.): Mapping the Nation. London & New York: Verso, 1996, 98-145.
· Anderson, Benedict: Imagined Communities: Reflections on the Origin and Spread of Nationalism. London: Verso, 1983, Chapter 1. "Introduction", 1-7, Ch. 2 "Cultural Roots", 9-36, Ch. 3 "Origins of National Consciousness", 37-46.
· Mann, Michael, The emergence of modern European Nationalism, In Hall, J. A. and I.C. Jarvie (eds.), The Social Philosophy of Ernest Gellner, Amsterdam, 1996.
· Greenfeld, Liah: Nationalism and Modernity, Social Research, Spring 1996.
· Hroch, Miroslav: From National Movement to the Fully-formed Nation: the nation-building process in Europe. New Left Review, No. 198 (March-April), 1993, 3-20.
· George Schöpflin: Nationhood, Modernity, Democracy. Paper presented at the Conference "Manifestations of National Identity in Modern Europe". University of Minnesota, May 2001.
· Gellner, Ernest: Nations and Nationalism, Oxford UK & Cambridge USA: Blackwell, 1983
· Gellner, Ernest: Nationalism. London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1997.
· Hall, John A. (ed.): The State of the Nation: Ernest Gellner and the Theory of Nationalism. Cambridge University Press, 1998.
· Hall, J. A. & Jarvie, I.C. (eds.): The Social Philosophy of Ernest Gellner. Amsterdam, 1996.
· Hobsbawm, Eric - Ranger, Terence (eds.): The Invention of Tradition. Cambridge University Press, 1983.
· McCrone, David: The Sociology of Nationalism: Tomorrow’s Ancestors. London and New York: Routledge, 1998, chapter “ ‘Devils at his back’: Nationalism and Ernest Gellner”
· Breuilly, John: The State and Nationalism. In M. Guibernau and J. Hutchinson (eds.): Understanding Nationalism, Polity Press, 2001.
· Hobsbawm, E. J.: Nations and Nationalism since 1780: Programme, Myth, Reality. Cambridge University Press, 1990, " Introduction", Ch. 1. "The Nation as Novelty: from revolution to liberalism" and Ch. 2 "Popular proto-nationalism", 1-79.
· Gellner, Ernest: An Alternative Vision. In Encounters with Nationalism. Oxford: Blackwell, 1994, 182-200.
· Hroch, Miroslav: Real and Constructed: the nature of the nation. In John A. Hall (ed.): The State of the Nation: Ernest Gellner and the Theory of Nationalism. Cambridge University Press, 1998, 91-106.
· Nairn, Tom: The Break-Up of Britain: Crisis and Neo-Nationalism. London: Verso, 1977.
· Giddens, Anthony: The Nation-State and Violence: Volume two of a Contemporary Critique of Historical Materialism. Cambridge: Polity Press, 1985.
· Greenfeld, Liah: Nationalism: Five Roads to Modernity. Cambridge MA, Harvard University Press, 1992, "Introduction", 3-26.
· Hroch, Miroslav: Social Preconditions of National Revival in Europe. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1985.
· Hechter, Michael (1975): Internal Colonialism: The Celtic Fringe in British National Development 1536-1966. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul
8-9. Pre-modernist approaches
· Anthony D. Smith: The Origins of Nations, Ethnic and Racial Studies, 12,3 (July 1989)
· Walker Connor:Nationalism and political illegitimacy. In Daniele Conversi (ed.): Ethnonationalism in the Contemporary World: Walker Connor and the Study of Nationalism. London/New York: 2002.
· Van den Berghe, Pierre L.: Does Race Matter? Nations and Nationalism, Vol. 1, Part 3, November 1995, 359-368.
· Van den Berghe, Pierre L.: Race and Ethnicity: a sociobiological perspective. Ethnic and Racial Studies, Vol. 1, Nr. 4 October 1978, 403-411.
· Armstrong, John A.: Nations before Nationalism. The University of North Carolina Press, 1982.
· Smith, Anthony D.: Nationalism and Modernism: a critical survey of recent theories of nations and nationalism. London and New York: Routledge, 1998; chapter 7. “Primordialism and perenialism”, 145-169.
· Van den Berghe, Pierre: The Ethnic Phenomenon. New York: Elsevier, 1979.
· Smith, Anthony D.: The Ethnic Origins of Nations. Oxford: Blackwell, 1986.
· The debate between A. D. Smith and E. Gellner: The Warwick Debate: In Nations and Nationalism, 2(3), 1996, pp. 357-388
10. Ethnicity I. Anthropological perspectives. Culture.
· Barth, Frederik: Ethnic Groups and Boundaries: the social organization of culture difference. Boston: Little, Brown and Company, 1969, "Intoduction", 9-38.
· Jenkins, Richard: Rethinking ethnicity: identity, categorization and power. Ethnic and Racial Studies, Vol. 17, Nr. 2 April 1994, 197-219.
· Löfgren, Orvar: The Nationalization of Culture. Ethnologia Europaea. 1989. No. XIX, 5-23.
· Symposium on Ethnicity. Ethnicities, 2001. Vol 1 (1), 9-23.
11. Ethnicity II. National identity
· Smith, Anthony D.: The problem of national identity: ancient, medieval and modern? Ethnic and Racial Studies, Vol. 17, Nr. 3 July 1994, pp. 375-399
· Brubaker, Rogers: Ethnicity without groups. Archieves européennes de sociologie. 2002
· Brubaker, Rogers – Cooper, Frederick: Beyond Identity. Theory and Society, 2000. No. 29, 1-47.
· Smith, Anthony D.: National Identity. London: Penguin, 1991.
· Barth, Frederik: Enduring and emerging issues in the analysis of ethnicity. In Vermeulen, Hans – Govers, Cora (eds.): The Anthropology of Ethnicity: beyond 'Ethnic Groups and Boundaries'. Amsterdam: Het Spinhuis, 1994, 11-32.
· Conversi, Daniele: Reassessing theories of nationalism. Nationalism as boundary maintenance and creation. Nationalism and Ethnic Politics. vol. 1, no 1, Spring 1995, 73-85.
· Eriksen, Thomas Hylland: Ethnicity and Nationalism. London and Bouldner CO: Pluto Press, 1993
· Jenkins, Richard: Rethinking Ethnicity: Arguments and Explorations. London: Sage Publications, 1997
· Hutchinson, John and Smith, Anthony D. (eds.): Ethnicity. Oxford University Press, 1996.
· Glazer, Nathan & Moynihan, Daniel P. (eds.): Ethnicity: Theory and Experience. Harvard University Press, 1975.
· Finlayson, Alan: Psychology, psychonalysis and theories of nationalism. Nations and Nationalism, Vol. 4 part 2 (April 1998), 145-162.
12. Conclusions – Nationalism and Ethnicity
· Hutchinson, John: Ethnicity and modern nations. Ethnic and Racial Studies, Vol. 23, No. 4, July 2000, 651-669.
· Calhoun, Craig: Nationalism and Ethnicity. Annual Review of Sociology, 1993, Vol 19, 211-39.
· Hutchinson, John: Modern Nationalism. London: Fontana Press, 1994, Chapter 1. "How Modern is the Nation?", 1-38.
· Donald L. Horowitz:The Primordialists. In Daniele Conversi (ed.): Ethnonationalism in the Contemporary World: Walker Connor and the Study of Nationalism. London/New York: 2002.
· Joshua A. Fishman:The Primordialist/Constructivist debate today. In Daniele Conversi (ed.): Ethnonationalism in the Contemporary World: Walker Connor and the Study of Nationalism. London/New York: 2002.
· Llobera, Josep R.: Recent theories of nationalism. Working Paper. 164, 1999.
13. Philosophical approaches
· Tamir, Yael: Theoretical Dilemmas in the study of nationalism. In Beiner, Ronald (ed.): Theorizing Nationalism, Albany: State University of New York Press, 1999, 67-90.
· Kymlicka, Will: States, Nations and Cultures. Van Gorcum, 1997, "Liberal Nationalism", 13-44.
· Norman, Wayne: Theorizing Nationalism (Normatively): the first steps. In Beiner, Ronald (ed.): Theorizing Nationalism. Albany: State University of New York Press, 1998.
· Miller, David: On Nationality. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1995, Ch. 5. "Nationality and Cultural Pluralism", 119-154.
· Kymlicka, Will: Liberalism, Community and Culture. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1992.
· Kymlicka, Will (ed.): The Rights of Minority Cultures. Oxford University Press, 1995.
· Kymlicka, Will: Multicultural Citizenship: A Liberal Theory of Minority Right. Clanderon Press, Oxford, 1995.
· Taylor, Charles: Multiculturalism and "The Politics of Recognition". Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1992
· Kis, János: Beyond the Nation State. Social Research, Vol. 63, No. 1, Spring 1995.
· Tamir, Yael: Liberal Nationalism. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1993.
· McKim, Robert & McMahan, Jeff (eds.): The Morality of Nationalism. New York & Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1997
National Minorities
14-15. Introduction. Methodology of research on national minorities. The question of definition. Typologies of national minorities.
· Brunner, Georges: Nation-States and Minorities in the Eastern Part of Europe. Regio, 1994.
· Amersfoort, Hans von: 'Minority' as a sociological concept. Ethnic and Racial Studies, Vol. 1., No. 2., April 1978.
· Preece, Jennifer J.: National Minorities and the European Nation-States System. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1998; chapter: “What is a national minority?”
· Lijphart, Arend, "Consociational Democracy", World Politics, January, 1969
· Sugar, Peter F. and Ivo Lederer (eds.): Nationalism in Eastern Europe. University of Washington Press, Seattle&London, 1969.
· Kupchan, Charles A. (ed.): Nationalism and Nationalities in the New Europe. Ithaca and London: Cornell Univertsity Press, 1995.
· Seewann, Gerhard, Towards a Typology of Minorities - the Germans in Hungary, Regio, 1994
· Szarka, László, Typological Arrangement of the Central European Minorities, in Cholnoky, Győző (ed.), Minorities Research: a collection of studies by Hungarian authors, Budapest: Lucidus, 2000
· Girasoli, Nicola, National Minorities: Who are they?, Akadémiai, Budapest, 1995
16. National minorities and the state
· McGarry, John, ‘Demographic engineering’: the state-directed movement of ethnic groups as a technique of conflict regulation, Ethnic and Racial Studies, Vol. 21 Nr. 4, July 1988
· Brubaker, Rogers, Nationalism Reframed: Nationhood and the National Question in the New Europe, Cambridge University Press, 1996; chapter “Nationalizing states in the old ‘New Europe’ – and the new”