Children and Young People 2008 / Cannabis 2008 597
CHILDREN AND YOUNG PEOPLE 2008 / CANNABIS 2008<597>
Database EMBASE
Accession Number 2008174864
Authors Brook J.S. Stimmel M.A. Zhang C. Brook D.W.
Institution
(Brook, Stimmel, Zhang, Brook) Department of Psychiatry, New YorkUniversity, School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States.
(Brook) Department of Psychiatry, New York University, School of Medicine, 215 Lexington Avenue, New York, NY 10016, United States.
Country of Publication
United Kingdom
Title
The association between earlier marijuana use and subsequent academic achievement and health problems: A longitudinal study.
Source
American Journal on Addictions. 17(2)(pp 155-160), 2008. Date of Publication: Mar 2008.
Abstract
In this prospective longitudinal study, the authors investigated the association between marijuana use over a period of 13 years and subsequent health problems at age 27. A community sample of 749 participants from upstate New York was interviewed at mean ages of 14, 16, 22, and 27 years. Marijuana use over time was significantly associated with increased health problems by the late twenties, including respiratory problems, general malaise, neurocognitive problems, and lower academic achievement and functioning. Effective prevention and intervention programs should consider the wide range of adverse physiological and psychosocial outcomes associated with marijuana use over time. Copyright copyright American Academy of Addiction Psychiatry.
ISSN 1055-0496
Publication Type Journal: Article
Journal Name American Journal on Addictions
Volume 17
Issue Part 2
Page 155-160
Year of Publication 2008
Date of Publication Mar 2008
CANNABIS 2008<611>
Database EMBASE
Accession Number 2008164046
Authors Benyamina A. Lecacheux M. Blecha L. Reynaud M. Lukasiewicz M.
Institution
(Benyamina, Lecacheux, Blecha, Reynaud, Lukasiewicz) Centre d'Enseignement, de Recherche et de Traitement des Addictions, Hopital Paul Brousse, 94804 Villejuif Cedex, France.
Country of Publication
United Kingdom
Title
Pharmacotherapy and psychotherapy in cannabis withdrawal and dependence.
Source
Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics. 8(3)(pp 479-491), 2008. Date of Publication: Mar 2008.
Abstract
Cannabis has long been perceived as a drug causing questionable dependence. Only recently has a clinically recognized withdrawal syndrome been described, thus laying the foundations for specific treatment evaluations. Six different pharmacotherapies have been studied in cannabis withdrawal. Of these, only oral tetrahydrocannabinol, and perhaps mirtazapine, have shown some promise in the specific treatment of withdrawal symptoms. In cannabis dependence, rimonabant, and perhaps buspiron, have shown promising results. Clinical trials of oral tetrahydrocannabinol were less convincing. Cognitive and behavioral therapies and motivational enhancement therapies have proven their efficacy in several randomized controlled trials. Brief therapies have also been associated with good compliance and efficacy. Combinations with voucher incentives in certain populations have been associated with improved treatment compliance and reduced cannabis use. Only two studies have analyzed the cost-efficacy of psychotherapies. It would seem that brief combined cognitive and behavioral therapies, and motivational enhancement therapies are the most cost effective. For the moment, it is uncertain whether the additional treatment costs associated with voucher incentives are proportional to the accrued abstinence duration.
ISSN 1473-7175
Publication Type Journal: Review
Journal Name Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics
Volume 8
Issue Part 3
Page 479-491
Year of Publication 2008
Date of Publication Mar 2008
CANNABIS 2008<632>
Database EMBASE
Accession Number 2008131676
Authors Litt M.D. Kadden R.M. Kabela-Cormier E. Petry N.M.
Institution
(Litt, Kadden, Kabela-Cormier, Petry) University of ConnecticutHealthCenter, Farmington, CT, United States.
(Litt) Division of Behavioral Sciences and Community Health, MC3910, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030, United States.
Country of Publication
United Kingdom
Title
Coping skills training and contingency management treatments for marijuana dependence: Exploring mechanisms of behavior change.
Source
Addiction. 103(4)(pp 638-648), 2008. Date of Publication: Apr 2008.
Abstract
Aims: Achieving abstinence in the treatment of marijuana dependence has been difficult. To date the most successful treatments have included combinations of motivation enhancement treatment (MET) plus cognitive-behavioral coping skills training (CBT) and/or contingency management (ContM) approaches. Although these treatment approaches are theoretically based, their mechanisms of action have not been explored fully. The purpose of the present study was to explore mechanisms of behavior change from a marijuana treatment trial in which CBT and ContM were evaluated separately and in combination. Design: A dismantling design was used in the context of a randomized clinical trial. Setting: The setting was an out-patient treatment research facility located in a university medical center. Participants: Participants were 240 adult marijuana smokers, meeting criteria for cannabis dependence. Interventions: Participants were assigned to one of four 9-week treatment conditions: a case management control condition, MET/CBT coping skills training, ContM and MET/CBT + ContM. Measurements: Outcome measures were total 90-day abstinence, recorded every 90 days for 12 months post-treatment. Findings: Regardless of treatment condition, abstinence in near-term follow-ups was predicted most clearly by abstinence during treatment, but long-term abstinence was predicted by use of coping skills and especially by post-treatment self-efficacy for abstinence. Conclusions: It was concluded that the most efficacious treatments for marijuana dependence are likely to be those that increase self-efficacy. copyright 2008 The Authors.
ISSN 0965-2140
Publication Type Journal: Article
Journal Name Addiction
Volume 103
Issue Part 4
Page 638-648
Year of Publication 2008
Date of Publication Apr 2008
CANNABIS 2008<645>
Database EMBASE
Accession Number 2008123394
Authors Wolfling K. Flor H. Grusser S.M.
Institution
(Wolfling, Grusser) Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology, Clinic for Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, UniversityHospitalMainz, Saarstr. 21, 55099 Mainz, Germany.
(Flor) Department of Clinical and Cognitive Neuroscience, Central Institute of Mental Health, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany.
Country of Publication
United Kingdom
Title
Psychophysiological responses to drug-associated stimuli in chronic heavy cannabis use.
Source
European Journal of Neuroscience. 27(4)(pp 976-983), 2008. Date of Publication: Feb 2008.
Abstract
Due to learning processes originally neutral stimuli become drug-associated and can activate an implicit drug memory, which leads to a conditioned arousing 'drug-seeking' state. This condition is accompanied by specific psychophysiological responses. The goal of the present study was the analysis of changes in cortical and peripheral reactivity to cannabis as well as alcohol-associated pictures compared with emotionally significant drug-unrelated and neutral pictures in long-term heavy cannabis users. Participants were 15 chronic heavy cannabis users and 15 healthy controls. Verbal reports as well as event-related potentials of the electroencephalogram and skin conductance responses were assessed in a cue-reactivity paradigm to determine the psychophysiological effects caused by drug-related visual stimulus material. The evaluation of self-reported craving and emotional processing showed that cannabis stimuli were perceived as more arousing and pleasant and elicited significantly more cannabis craving in cannabis users than in healthy controls. Cannabis users also demonstrated higher cannabis stimulus-induced arousal, as indicated by significantly increased skin conductance and a larger late positivity of the visual event-related brain potential. These findings support the assumption that drug-associated stimuli acquire increased incentive salience in addiction history and induce conditioned physiological patterns, which lead to craving and potentially to drug intake. The potency of visual drug-associated cues to capture attention and to activate drug-specific memory traces and accompanying physiological symptoms embedded in a cycle of abstinence and relapse - even in a 'so-called' soft drug - was assessed for the first time. copyright The Authors(2008).
ISSN 0953-816X
Publication Type Journal: Article
Journal Name European Journal of Neuroscience
Volume 27
Issue Part 4
Page 976-983
Year of Publication 2008
Date of Publication Feb 2008
CANNABIS 2008<678>
Database EMBASE
Accession Number 2008066789
Authors Perkonigg A. Goodwin R.D. Fiedler A. Behrendt S. Beesdo K. Lieb R. Wittchen H.-U.
Institution
(Perkonigg, Fiedler, Behrendt, Beesdo, Wittchen) Institute of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Technische Universitaet Dresden, Germany.
(Perkonigg, Lieb) Molecular Psychology, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany.
(Goodwin) Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States.
(Lieb) Institute of Psychology, Epidemiology and Health Psychology, University of Basel, Switzerland.
(Perkonigg) Molecular Psychology, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Kraepelinstr. 2-10, 80804 Munich, Germany.
Country of Publication
United Kingdom
Title
The natural course of cannabis use, abuse and dependence during the first decades of life.
Source
Addiction. 103(3)(pp 439-449), 2008. Date of Publication: Mar 2008.
Abstract
Aims: There has been little available information on the long-term natural course, persistence and remission of cannabis use, abuse and dependence. The current study estimated rates and risk factors associated with stability and variation in cannabis use patterns, cannabis abuse and cannabis dependence in a community sample over a 10-year period. Design, setting and participants: Prospective longitudinal, epidemiological study with a 4- and 10-year follow-up of a community sample (n = 3021) aged 14-24 years at baseline in Munich, Germany. Measurements: Cannabis use, abuse and dependence and associated risk factors were assessed by face-to-face interviews using the Munich Composite International Diagnostic Interview. Findings: At baseline, one-third of the sample (34.2%) had used cannabis at least once. The cumulative incidence of cannabis use 10 years later was 50.7%. Fifty-six per cent of all repeated users (five times or more) at baseline reported cannabis use at 4-year follow-up. Ten years later, this proportion had decreased slightly to only 46.3%. Repeated (five times or more) users were almost three times more likely to report repeated use at 10-year follow up (OR = 2.8, 95% CI = 1.6-4.7), compared with those who had used cannabis fewer times. Peer use of cannabis, life-events and alcohol dependence also predicted use of cannabis at 10-year follow-up. Conclusions: Among youth who have used cannabis repeatedly (five times or more) cannabis use is fairly stable and rates of remission relatively low until age 34 yeras. Patterns of progression suggest that early targeted preventive measures should delay first use and reduce the number of experiences using cannabis, as these factors appear critical in progression to persistent cannabis use and cannabis dependence. copyright 2008 The Authors.
ISSN 0965-2140
Publication Type Journal: Article
Journal Name Addiction
Volume 103
Issue Part 3
Page 439-449
Year of Publication 2008
Date of Publication Mar 2008
CANNABIS 2008<693>
Database EMBASE
Accession Number 2008065526
Authors Ehlers C.L. Gilder D.A. Phillips E.
Institution
(Ehlers) Scripps Research Institute, SP30-1501, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, San Diego, CA92037, United States.
(Ehlers, Gilder, Phillips) Department of Molecular and Integrative Neurosciences and Molecular and Experimental Medicine, Scripps Research Institute, United States.
Country of Publication
United Kingdom
Title
P3 components of the event-related potential and marijuana dependence in Southwest California Indians.
Source
Addiction Biology. 13(1)(pp 130-142), 2008. Date of Publication: Mar 2008.
Abstract
Native Americans have some of the highest rates of marijuana use and abuse, yet neurobiological measures associated with addiction to marijuana in this population remain unknown. The present investigation evaluated associations between the P350 and P450 components of the event-related potential (ERP) elicited by affective stimuli, and marijuana dependence in a population of Southwest California (SWC) Indian adults. Three hundred and seventeen participants with a mean age of 30 years who were free of major Axis I and psychiatric diagnoses and antisocial personality disorder were categorized as: (1) no marijuana use disorders or other drug dependence diagnoses; (2) marijuana dependence and no other drug dependence diagnoses; and (3) marijuana dependence and other drug dependence diagnoses. ERPs were collected using a facial discrimination task that generated a late positive component with two peaks at approximately P350 and P450 milliseconds. Multivariate analyses of variance was used to detect associations between the two component peaks and the three participant groups taking into consideration age, gender and the presence of a lifetime diagnosis of alcohol dependence. Increases in the latency of both the P350 and P450 component peaks were found to be associated with the diagnosis of marijuana dependence and marijuana dependence co-morbid with other drug dependence. Women appeared to be more impacted than men are. A diagnosis of marijuana dependence was not associated with any changes in late component amplitudes. Taken together these studies suggest that marijuana dependence may be associated with delays in the evaluation and identification of emotional stimuli in SWC Indians. copyright 2007 The Authors.
ISSN 1355-6215
Publication Type Journal: Article
Journal Name Addiction Biology
Volume 13
Issue Part 1
Page 130-142
Year of Publication 2008
Date of Publication Mar 2008
CANNABIS (A) 2008<732>
Database EMBASE
Accession Number 2008016877
Authors Sano K. Mishima K. Koushi E. Orito K. Egashira N. Irie K. Takasaki K. Katsurabayashi S. Iwasaki K. Uchida N. Egawa T. Kitamura Y. Nishimura R. Fujiwara M.
Institution
(Sano, Mishima, Koushi, Egashira, Irie, Takasaki, Katsurabayashi, Iwasaki, Egawa, Kitamura, Fujiwara) Department of Neuropharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, FukuokaUniversity, Nanakuma 8-19-1, FukuokaCity, Fukuoka, 814-0180, Japan.
(Irie, Iwasaki, Fujiwara) Advanced Materials Institute, FukuokaUniversity, Nanakuma 8-19-1, FukuokaCity, Fukuoka, 814-0180, Japan.
(Orito) Department of Veterinary Pharmacology, School of Veterinary Medicine, AzabuUniversity, 1-17-71 Fuchinobe, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 229-8501, Japan.
(Uchida, Nishimura) School of Medicine, FukuokaUniversity, Nanakuma 7-45-1, FukuokaCity, Fukuoka, 814-0180, Japan.
Country of Publication
United Kingdom
Title
Delta<sup>9</sup>-Tetrahydrocannabinol-induced catalepsy-like immobilization is mediated by decreased 5-HT neurotransmission in the nucleus accumbens due to the action of glutamate-containing neurons.
Source
Neuroscience. 151(2)(pp 320-328), 2008. Date of Publication: 24 Jan 2008.
Abstract
Delta<sup>9</sup>-Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) has been reported to induce catalepsy-like immobilization, but the mechanism underlying this effect remains unclear. In the present study, in order to fully understand the neural circuits involved, we determined the brain sites involved in the immobilization effect in rats. THC dose-dependently induced catalepsy-like immobilization. THC-induced catalepsy-like immobilization is mechanistically different from that induced by haloperidol (HPD), because unlike HPD-induced catalepsy, animals with THC-induced catalepsy became normal again following sound and air-puff stimuli. THC-induced catalepsy was reversed by SR141716, a selective cannabinoid CB<sub>1</sub> receptor antagonist. Moreover, THC-induced catalepsy was abolished by lesions in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) and central amygdala (ACE) regions. On the other hand, HPD-induced catalepsy was suppressed by lesions in the caudate putamen (CP), substantia nigra (SN), globus pallidus (GP), ACE and lateral hypothalamus (LH) regions. Bilateral microinjection of THC into the NAc region induced catalepsy-like immobilization. This THC-induced catalepsy was inhibited by serotonergic drugs such as 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan (5-HTP), a 5-HT precursor, and 5-methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine (5-MeODMT), a 5-HT receptor agonist, as well as by anti-glutamatergic drugs such as MK-801 and amantadine, an N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist. THC significantly decreased 5-HT and glutamate release in the NAc, as shown by in vivo microdialysis. SR141716 reversed and MK-801 inhibited this decrease in 5-HT and glutamate release. These findings suggest that the THC-induced catalepsy is mechanistically different from HPD-induced catalepsy and that the catalepsy-like immobilization induced by THC is mediated by decreased 5-HT neurotransmission in the nucleus accumbens due to the action of glutamate-containing neurons. copyright 2008 IBRO.
ISSN 0306-4522
Publication Type Journal: Article
Journal Name Neuroscience
Volume 151
Issue Part 2
Page 320-328
Year of Publication 2008
Date of Publication 24 Jan 2008
CANNABIS 2008<759>
Database EMBASE
Accession Number 2008028396
Authors Korantzopoulos P. Liu T. Papaioannides D. Li G. Goudevenos J.A.
Institution
(Korantzopoulos, Goudevenos) Department of Cardiology, University of Ioannina Medical School, Ioannina, Greece.
(Liu, Li) Department of Cardiology, SecondHospital, TianjinMedicalUniversity, Tianjin, China.
(Papaioannides) Department of Medicine, Psychiatric Hospital of Attica, Athens, Greece.
(Korantzopoulos) Department of Cardiology, University of IoanninaMedicalSchool, 45221 Ioannina, Greece.
Country of Publication
United Kingdom
Title
Atrial fibrillation and marijuana smoking.
Source
International Journal of Clinical Practice. 62(2)(pp 308-313), 2008. Date of Publication: Feb 2008.
Abstract
Marijuana is the most commonly used illicit drug while its abuse and dependence has an increasing prevalence among the young population. Marijuana smoking affects the circulatory system triggering various cardiovascular events. Of note, recent case reports indicate a possible association with atrial fibrillation (AF). In this article, we provide a brief systematic review of all reported cases implicating marijuana smoking in AF development and we concisely discuss the potential underlying mechanisms as well as the clinical implications of this emerging association. copyright 2007 The Authors.
ISSN 1368-5031
Publication Type Journal: Review
Journal Name International Journal of Clinical Practice
Volume 62
Issue Part 2
Page 308-313
Year of Publication 2008
Date of Publication Feb 2008