Cell Reproduction and Genetics Guided Review

Name______

Go to my website and open the Unit 4 Cell Communication and Reproduction webpage. Click on the Key to Genetics Practice Problems. Go through the packet. Which types of problems are hardest for you to remember how to do?

For those problems, study the examples thoroughly, then write a couple of sample questions yourself here:

Next, find your genetic disease table or go to that section in your review manual. Pick 3 genetic diseases to memorize and write them here. Include their cause (chromosomal abnormality or nondisjunction or mutation), symptoms, and if it is dominant or recessive.

Sickle cell – codominance at cellular level, recessive at organismal level

Single base substitution of valine for glutamate – new AA is hydrophobic and causes hydrophobic patches of adjacent hemoglobin molecules to stick together, causing sickling of cells. Heterozygotes have advantage of resistance to malaria due to decreased oxygen saturation in sickled cells. Symptoms – decreased oxygen carrying capacity causes fatigue/weakness, sickled cells can obstruct small blood vessels causing pain and symptoms of of whichever tissue has decreased blood flow

Next, click on AP Lab 7 Mitosis and Meiosis and read through pages S83-S96.
In part 1 and part 4, we used pop-beads to model mitosis and meiosis. What are the main differences between mitosis and meiosis?

One division vs. 2. Chromosomes line up in single file in mitosis, homologous pairs in meiosis. Crossing over in meiosis. Mitosis creates 2 identical diploid cells. All gametes are unique in meiosis and haploid.

Summarize the procedure for part 2, thinking about what we recently did with the onion bulbs. Remember we used IAA (auxin) instead of lectin. Look back at your onion mitosis lab to review the chi-square calculation we did.

Summarize the activity for part 3 – karyotypes. How many chromosomes are there and how are they lined up in a karyotype? What is the HeLa karyotype and what disease is it associated with? What is the Philadelphia chromosome and what disease is it associated with?

46 chromosomes, lined up in homologous pairs in order of decreasing size with sex chromosomes in bottom right.

HeLa – multiple copies of many chromosomes, HPV induced cervical cancer

Philadelphia – translocation of chromosomes 9 and 22, chronic myelogenous leukemia

Summarize the procedure for part 5. What does a crossover ascus look like compared to a non-crossover ascus? 4:4 vs. other patterns
If 40% of the asci show crossover, what is the true crossover frequency? 20%
How many map units is the gene from the centromere? 20
If you were doing crossover frequency to map gene distances in Drosophila, and 2 genes had a 32% crossover, how many map units apart would they be?32

Next, go back and click on AP Lab Genetics of Organisms. This was the virtual fruit fly lab. Find your actual lab, read through it and summarize the procedure here:

What were the 3 possible scenarios of the different vials?

Monohybrid cross eye color, Dihybrid cross eye color and wing length, Sex-linked eye color

For the dihybrid cross, if there are 4 possible out comes, you would have 4 sums to calculate to find the Chi square value. How many degrees of freedom would there be? 3What would the critical value for p=0.05 be? 7.82

Next, go back and open the Unit 5 Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology webpage. Open the guided notes and read through these. Be sure you memorize the big picture. Summarize the location, key steps, and key enzymes for the following processes:
DNA Replication =
Transcription =
Translation =
Next, go back and click on the Student Transformation Packet for the pGLO lab. Try to find your original packet and read through it. Summarize the procedure for the lab:

What uses would this procedure have in the real world (what else might scientists do with this technology)?
How is it possible that a gene from an animal can be inserted into a bacterium – what must they have in common?Transcription/translation processes very similar

Look at how to calculate transformation efficiency. Try to do the calculations on p. 52 again without looking at the answers. Show your work here: See packet key

8)Now, go back and click on the DNA Fingerprinting Student Packet. This was the CSI lab. Try to find your original packet and read through all of it. Summarize the 2 main procedures:

Restriction digest of samples, Electrophoresis of samples

What are the uses of this type of biotechnology in real world practices, besides crime scene investigation? (You may have to look back at my weekly powerpoint for this)
After making the semilog graph using the known lambda marker DNA, what were you then able to figure out? Sizes of unknown fragments in DNA samples

9) Finally, go back and click on the Plasmid Mapping Extension Activity. Find this packet and read through all of it. Work through questions 7-12 using the S3 data on p. 53 to construct a plasmid map.

See packet key