Butterfly Diversity and Historical Land Cover Change Along an Altitudinal Gradient

Wagner et al. 2012Altitude, land cover change and butterflies

Butterfly diversity and historical land cover change along an altitudinal gradient

Kathrin D. Wagner1,2, Jochen Krauss2 & Ingolf Steffan-Dewenter2

1 Population Ecology Group, Department of Animal Ecology I, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstrasse 30, D-95447 Bayreuth, Germany

2 Department of Animal Ecology and Tropical Biology, Biocentre, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany

Corresponding author: Kathrin Wagner

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Electronic supplementary material

Online Resource 1 Butterfly species recorded in the 27 study sites classified as generalists, forest, grassland and wetland specialists and our classification as generalist and forest species and open land specialists. Species detected in historical records in the region, but not in 2008 are highlighted with “x”, species not recorded at the same sites, but still in the study region in 2008 are highlighted with “(x)”

Online Resource 2General linear models fora) total species richness b) species richness ofgeneralist and forest species and c) estimated total species richness in relation to patch size (log10 transformed), altitude and altitude², current open habitatsand historical loss of open habitats(significant P-values are presented in bold)

Online Resource 3 General Linear models for a) species richness of open land specialists b) total species richness c) species richness of generalist and forest species andd) estimated total species richness in relation to patch size (log10 transformed), altitude and altitude² and with patch size, current open habitatsand historical loss of open habitats(significant P-values are presented in bold)

Online Resource 4Geographic coordinates in decimal degrees of the 27 wetland sitesalong an altitudinal gradient (340 m - 750 m a.s.l., mean values) in the Fichtelgebirge, a low mountain region in northern Bavaria (Germany) close to the border to the Czech Republic and east of the town Bayreuth

Online Resource 5Butterfly species recorded in the 27 study sites (patches 1-27). The five grey-highlighted patches were surveyed for butterfly species between 1920 and 1979 and in 2008. Others were only surveyed in 2008. Butterflies only detected in historical records were highlighted with (○), only detected in 2008 with (●). Species detected in historical records and in 2008 were highlighted with (x).

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