Bio B Final Exam Study Guidenamehour

Bio B Final Exam Study Guidenamehour

Bio B Final Exam Study GuideNameHour

Chapter 11 – Heredity

Compare & Contrast:

  • Phenotype & Genotype
  • Dominant & Recessive
  • Homozygous & Heterozygous

Using seed shape as a sample trait, outline the design of Mendel’s monohybrid cross experiment (include both phenotypes and genotypes

  • P1
  • F1
  • F2

Explain Mendel’s conclusions:

  • Principle of Dominance
  • Principle of Segregation

Do Punnett squares to predict the results of each of the following crosses:

AA x AAAA x AaAA x aa

Aa x AaAa x aaaa x aa

Yellow seeds are dominant over green. Do punnett squares to predict the offspring of the following crosses:

Homozygous yellow x Homozygous greenHeterozygous yellow x Heterozygous yellow

Homozygous green x homozygous greenHeterozygous yellow x homozygous green

Using seed shape and seed color as a sample traits, outline the design of Mendel’s dihybrid cross experiment

  • P1
  • F1
  • F2

Explain Mendel’s law of Independent Assortment

Flower color in snapdragons is controlled by incomplete dominance. Do punnett squares to predict the results of the following crosses:

Red x RedRed x WhiteRed x PinkPink x PinkWhite x White

Compare & Contrast

  • Body cells & gametes
  • Haploid & diploid cells
  • Homologous chromosomes & sister chromatids

List the phases of meiosis in the correct order and describe what is happening in each phase.

Chapters12 & 13 – DNA

Describe Chargaff’s experiment and Chargaff’s rule. Relate Chargaff’s rule to the “base pairing” rule.

Describe the structure of DNA

Compare & Contrast DNA and RNA

Compare & Contrast the processes of Replication and Transcription

Explain the role of each of the following in the process of Translation:

  • Ribosomes
  • mRNA
  • tRNA

Compare & Contrast Transcription and Translation

Define mutation and mutagen. Explain what causes mutations to happen.

Chapter 16 – Evolution

Compare & Contrast: Evolution, Adaptation, and Natural Selection

Describe Darwin’s voyage on the Beagle and note some observations that influenced his thinking about Evolution

Compare & Contrast natural selection and artificial selection

Give examples of how artificial selection can be used to create breeds of domesticated animals

Give an example of how color variations in an animal population can affect survival, and how natural selection will occur in the population.

Compare & contrast Homologous, Analagous, and Vestigial structures

Chapter 3 – Ecology

Compare & contrast Population, Community, and Ecosystem

Trace the flow of energy through an ecosystem (starting with the source of energy, trace the energy through the food chain, and tell what happens to the energy once it has been used)

Compare & contrast

  • Autotrophs and Heterotrophs
  • Producers and Consumers
  • Herbivores, Carnivores, and Omnivores
  • 1st level (primary), 2nd level (secondary), and 3rd level (tertiary) Consumers

Compare the size of populations and the total available energy between the different trophic levels. Draw an ecological pyramid to show the trend as you go up the food chain.

Describe the major processes of the Water cycle. If the process involves living organisms, tell which type are involved.

  • Evaporation
  • Transpiration
  • Precipitation
  • Runoff

Describe the major processes of the Carbon cycle. If the process involves living organisms, tell which type are involved.

  • Respiration
  • Photosynthesis
  • Combustion
  • Decomposition

Describe the major processes of the Nitrogen cycle. If the process involves living organisms, tell which type are involved.

  • Nitrogen fixing
  • Decomposition
  • Denitrification
  • Excretion

For each nutrient cycle below, tell where plants get that nutrient from.

  • Water
  • Carbon
  • Nitrogen

Chapter 4 – Communities and Ecosystems

List the 2 main components of Climate and identify geographical factors that determine the climate of a region

Draw a graph representing overlapping ranges of tolerance for 2 species. Label:

  1. Optimum conditions for both species
  2. The region of greatest competition between the species
  3. A region where one species is likely to outcompete the other, causing “competitive exclusion”
  4. A region where only one of the species can live

Compare and Contrast Mutualism, Commensalism, and Parasitism. Give examples of each.

Explain the process of ecological succession.

Compare the soil quality and plant life between a pioneer community and a climax community

For each of the biomes listed, describe

  • Climate conditions
  • Geographic location
  • Plant and animal life characteristic of the biome

Desert

Grassland

Tundra

Coniferous Forest (Taiga)

Temperate Deciduous Forest

Tropical Rain Forest

Explain the difference between the photic zone and the aphotic zone of the ocean. Compare the life forms that live in each.

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