Bio 4 - Study Guide 4

Chapter 26 – Early Earth and the Origin of Life

Know the factors involved in forming the earth (lightening, UV light, etc.). Know the chemical origin of life. (Miller/Urey, Sydney Fox, RNA, Proteobionts, etc.) Know the geological time scale. Adaptive Radiation, Continental Drift, plate tectonics, Pangaea, Gonwana, Laurasia, K-T boundary.

Chapter 50 – Ecology

What is ecology? What are the biotic and abiotic factors discussed in class? What is a population? Species? Community? Ecosystem? Biosphere? Niche? Habitat? Biome? Know the biomes discussed in class. Be sure to know examples of the temperature, rainfall, vegetation and animals in each. What factors affect the distribution of organisms (biogeography)? What is the ten’s rule?

Chap 52 – Population Ecology

What is a population? What is density? What are density dependent and density independent factors? What is dispersion? What are the three types of dispersion patterns? Which is the most common? What are the two types of population growth models? What is carrying capacity? What are the two types of opportunistic life histories? What are the characteristics for each? Which is better adapted for an unstable environment? Where do humans fit in? What is ZPG? How can this be achieved? What is the best way to stop many of our environmental problems today? Know the population growth handout given in class.

Chapter 53 – CommunityEcology

What is a community? What is an ecosystem? What are the trophic levels discussed in class. What is an energy pyramid? What is the 10% rule? What is competition (both intraspecific and interspecific)? What is a niche? What is the competitive exclusion principle? What is a predator? What is a prey? Coevolution? Mimicry (batesian and mullerian)? What is a keystone species? What is the keystone predator for this area? What is a symbiotic relationship? (commensalism, mutualism, competition, predation) What is character displacement? Resource partitioning? What is disturbance and how does it affect community structure? What is succession? What is the difference between primary and secondary succession? Know the Biomes discussed in class.

Chapter 46 & 47 – Animal Reproduction and Development

What are gametes? Zygote? Know the male and female parts discussed in class along with their functions. Know the menstrual cycle and the ovarian cycle. Summarize the reproductive cycle of the human female. Be sure to include the gonadotropins, the ovarian hormone levels, the ovarian cycle and the phases. Know the different types of contraceptives and sterilization processes discussed in class. Know the human embryology discussed in class (egg, morula, blastula, blastomeres, blastocoel, blastopore, blastocyst, archenteron, chorion, amnion, allantois, yolk sac, gastrulation, meroblastic vs. holoblastic cleavage, invagination, involution, embryo, fetus). What is an ultrasound? Amniocentesis? Chorionic villi sampling?