Baird Chem in Your Life Chapter 08
Baird Chem in Your life Chapter 08
1. What structure can nicotine be identified by?
a. a pyridine ring and a pyrrolidine ring
b. a pyridine ring
c. a pyrrollidine ring
d. a benzene ring and amine attached
a: The structure is illustrated on page 300.
2. Which is a true statement for caffeine?
a. It remains in the bloodstream twice as long as nicotine.
b. It is a tranquilizer.
c. It is not addictive.
d. It remains in the bloodstream half as long as nicotine.
a: The half-life is explained on page 302.
3. Which chemical deficiency in the body is a cause of depression?
a. serotonin
b. pyridine
c. fluoxetine
d. pyrrolidine
a: This is explained on page 299.
4. If the half-life of caffeine is about 4 hours, how long does it take for the concentration to fall to 1/16 of the original amount?
a. 16 hours
b. 8 hours
c. 4 hours
d. 20 hours
a: The value 1/16 = 1/2 × 1/2 × 1/2 × 1/2, which equals 4 half-lives. A 4-hour half-life × 4 = 16 hours.
5. The half-life of nicotine is 2 hours. How much nicotine is eliminated from the body in 8 hours?
a. 7/8
b. 3/8
c. 5/8
d. 1/8
a: Dividing 6 hours in the body by the half-life of 2 hours equals 3 half-lives. 1/2 × 1/2 × 1/2 = 1/8 remaining, subtract from 1.0 equals 7/8 eliminated.
6. Why can’t cocaine be smoked like a cigarette to be effective?
a. Cocaine has a high melting point and does not evaporate.
b. Cocaine forms compounds with a low melting point.
c. Cocaine forms covalent compounds that cannot vaporize.
d. Cocaine cannot form ionic compounds to increase its melting point.
a: This is explained on page 304.
7. Crack cocaine has become widespread because of which of the following:
a. Inhalation allows for quicker absorption into the bloodstream.
b. Crack consists of the salt BH+ Cl−.
c. The free base B reacts with the cocaine.
d. The free base has a relatively high melting point.
a: This is explained on page 305.
8. Which of the following has the largest caffeine content?
a. gourmet coffee (16 oz )
b. drip coffee (16 oz )
c. non gourmet coffee (16 oz )
d. instant coffee (16 oz )
a: gourmet coffee has 550 mg; instant coffee has 190 mg.
9. Which of the following is/are (a) stimulants?
a. amphetamines
b. antipyretics
c. analgesics
d. dopamine
a: Amphetamines are also known as speed, which is explained on page 306.
10. What physiological effect does acetaminophen have on the body?
a. analgesic
b. stimulant
c. amphetamine
d. tranquilizer
a: Analgesics are painkillers and acetaminophen is illustrated on page 308.
11. What chemical structure is common to all analgesics?
a. a benzene ring
b. a benzene ring with a hydroxyl group
c. a six-membered ring
d. a benzene ring attached to a five-membered ring
a: This is explained and illustrated on page 306.
12. Which of the following is the structure of an amide?
a. an amino group attached to a carbonyl group
b. an amine group attached to a double-bonded carbon
c. an amine group attached to a carbonyl group
d. a double-bonded oxygen attached to a nitrogen
a: The structure of an amide is illustrated on page 311.
13. What is the common name of a polyamide?
a. nylon
b. rayon
c. kevlar
d. polyester
a: This is explained on page 312.
14. What is the name of a product that is a polymer in which a benzene ring rather than a carbon chain is used to join two –NH2?
a. kevlar
b. nylon
c. rayon
d. polyester
a: This is explained on page 314.
15. What chemical is required to produce a plastic called polycarbonate?
a. carbonic acid
b. sodium carbonate
c. magnesium carbonate
d. sodium hydrogen carbonate
a: The structure of polycarbonate is from the carbonic acid structure illustrated on page 316.