Appendix Bsoil Profile Descriptions and Analyses

Appendix Bsoil Profile Descriptions and Analyses

APPENDIX BSOIL PROFILE DESCRIPTIONS AND ANALYSES

Table B1Profiles selected

Soil form

/ Geological parent material /

Soil class

/

Profile number

Red light clay

/ Andesite /

Ava

/

PF01

PF02

Bohio

/ Balboa /

PR06

PF05

Caimito marine /

Poacher

/

PF15

Caimito volcanic /

Harvard

/

PR07

Deep brown light clay

/

Caimitovolcanic

/

Chapman

/

PF07

Shallow stony fine loam

/ Andesite /

Marron

/

PR03

Bohio

/ Standley /

PF03

Fairchild /

PR12

Caimito marine /

Wetmore

/

PF11

PR08

Caimito volcanic

/ Hood /

PF09

PR09

Pale swelling clay

/

Caimito marine

/

Barro Verde

/

PR01

Zetek

/

PR02

PR14

Andesite

/

Lake

/

PF04

PF06

Caimito volcanic

/ Barbour /

PF08

Mottled heavy clay

/

Caimito marine

/ Lutz /

PF14

PR04

Dark fine loam

/

Andesite

/

Nemesia

/

PF12

Bohio

/

Miller

/

PR05

ProfilePF01

Soil class: Ava

Map unit:A

Location: 20 m W of 2.5, Armour Trail, ca 50 m N of 50 ha LTER plot

Described & sampled:17 March 2005, late dry season

Site position:Upper part of dipslope plateau

Slope:1%, linear, aspect 100o

Parent material:Andesite, residual + colluvial

Forest structure:Closed canopy, open understory, no palms

Litter:90% cover, 3 layers, no root mat

Outcrops: None

Stones: None

Cracks:Continuous net, 10 mm wide, 10 cm spacing

Microrelief: None

Faunal activity:Few fine worm casts

Other surface features:None

Profile description:

0 - 6 cm5YR 3/3 (dark reddish brown); no mottles; sandy clay; moderate medium-fine subangular blocky breaking to moderate fine crumb, including clusters of fine worm casts; no cutans; common medium pores; slightly dry & friable; many fine tree roots; many very fine angular quartz grit & many fine grey andesite gravel; no concretions; no charcoal; clear regular boundary to:

[Sample 0-6]

6 - 267.5YR 4/6 (strong brown); no mottles; silty clay loam; moderate medium subangular blocky breaking to moderate medium crumb; no cutans; common medium pores; slightly dry & friable; common medium & coarse tree roots; many very fine angular quartz grit & few medium hard grey platy andesite stones; few fine black ferrimanganiferous concretions; few fine charcoal; gradual regular boundary to:

[Samples 6-16, 16-26]

26 – 51/795YR 4/6 (yellowish red); no mottles; silty clay; moderate medium subangular blocky breaking to moderate medium crumb; no cutans; common medium pores; slightly dry & firm; few fine tree roots; many very fine angular quartz grit & common medium soft orange & yellow subangular andesite stones; few fine & medium black ferrimanganiferous andesite-cored concretions; few white hyphae; rare fine charcoal; clear wavy boundary to:

[Samples 26-36, 36-46, 46-56]

51/79 – 91/1265YR 4/6 (yellowish red); no mottles; silty clay loam; moderate medium subangular blocky breaking to moderate medium crumb; weak patchy clayskins, many fine pores; slightly dry & firm; rare medium & fine tree roots; diffuse stone line of many medium subangular soft orange & yellow andesite stones; many medium & fine black ferrimanganiferous andesite-cored concretions; no charcoal; diffuse boundary to:

[Samples 56 - 66, 66 - 76, 76 – 86, 86 - 96, 96 -106, 106 -116, 116 -126]

91/126 -1502.5YR 4/6 (red); no mottles; silty clay; moderate fine subangular blocky; weak patchy clayskins; few fine pores; slightly dry & firm; rare fine tree roots; common medium soft orange & yellow subangular andesite stones & few subrounded andesite boulders up to 50 cm diameter, spheroidally weathered with soft yellow & orange outer layers & harder grey interiors; common medium & fine black ferrimanganiferous andesite-cored concretions; no charcoal; diffuse boundary to:

[Samples 126 -136,136 -146]

150 – 1702.5YR 4/8 (red); no mottles; gritty sandy clay loam; weak medium platy breaking to moderate fine crumb; weak patchy clayskins; few fine pores; slightly moist & firm; very rare fine tree roots; few subrounded andesite boulders up to 50 cm diameter, spheroidally weathered with soft yellow & orange outer layers & harder grey interiors; many medium & fine black ferrimanganiferous andesite-cored concretions; no charcoal:

[Samples146 –156, 156 - 166]

Continued by auger (not sampled)

170 – 260+As 150 – 170

Correlations

Catapan (1970) / O X W Cf 1
E A 1 0
World Reference Base / (Chromic Luvic) Eutric Ferralsol
Soil Taxonomy / (Hapludalfic) Typic Eutrudox

FeaturesModerately firm & compact subsoil, although colours are bright reddish & unmottled. Clay contents increase rapidly from topsoil, but are erratic below that, and clayskins are weak, so argillic is marginal and the profile is correlated as Ferralsol/Oxisol. The upper subsoil is eutric but becomes marginally dystric below. On balance, the profile is s marginally Luvic/Alfic. The small quantities of fine quartz may be secondary but, if residual, they indicate that the parent material is more andesitic than basaltic.

Profile: PF01Soil class: Ava

Horizon depth

/ cm / 0-6 / 6-26 / 26 – 51/79 / 51/79
– 91/126 / 91/126
-150 / 150 - 170
Sample depth / 0-6 / 6-16 / 36 - 46 / 66 - 76 / 136 - 146 / 156 - 166
Organic matter
Organic C / % / 6.99 / 2.67 / 1.03 / nd / nd / nd

Soil reaction

pH / water / 5.1 / 5.1 / 4.9 / 5.0 / 5.2 / 5.1
pH / CaCl2 / 4.9 / 4.8 / 4.8 / 5.0 / 5.2 / 5.2
Exchangeable cations
Exchangeable Na / cmolc.kg-1 / 0.0 / 0.8 / 0.0 / 0.0 / 9.1 / 10.7
Exchangeable K / 0.4 / 0.1 / 0.0 / 0.0 / 0.0 / 0.0
Exchangeable Ca / 22.3 / 10.2 / 4.7 / 2.9 / 6.7 / 6.1
Exchangeable Mg / 1.2 / 0.7 / 0.5 / 0.4 / 0.8 / 2.0
TEB / 23.9 / 11.8 / 5.2 / 3.3 / 16.6 / 18.9
Extractable Al / 0.4 / 0.0 / 0.1 / 0.6 / 7.1 / 4.3
ECEC / 24.3 / 11.8 / 5.3 / 3.9 / 23.7 / 23.2
CEC / 26.7 / 12.6 / 5.5 / 7.4 / 0.0 / 9.1
BS / % / 98.2 / 100.0 / 97.2 / 83.5 / 70.1 / 81.3

Granulometry

Clay / % of fine earth / 60.0 / 64.5 / 72.0 / 69.0 / 21.0 / 13.0
Silt / 28.0 / 28.5 / 22.0 / 20.0 / 63.0 / 73.0
Sand / 11.5 / 7.0 / 6.0 / 11.0 / 16.0 / 14.0
Clay minerals
Rank / Kaol > gibb > quartz / Kaol > gibb / nd / nd / nd / nd

Profile PF02

Soil class: Ava (Poacher)

Map unit:W

Location: 15 m N of 14.5, Zetek Trail

Described & sampled:26 March 2005, late dry season

Site position:Lower slope

Slope:6%, linear, aspect 210o

Parent material:Andesite colluvial over & mixed with Caimito marine facies

Forest structure:Closed canopy, open understory, no palms

Litter:85% cover, 3 layers, no root mat

Outcrops: None

Stones: None

Cracks:Continuous net, 10 mm wide, 5 - 10 cm spacing

Microrelief: Slight micro-gilgai

Faunal activity:None

Other surface features:None

Profile description:

0 - 4 cm7.5YR 3/3 (dark brown); no mottles; silty clay; strong medium subangular blocky breaking to moderate crumb; no cutans; common coarse pores; slightly moist & slightly firm; common fine & medium tree roots; few fine soft orange weathered stones; common fine black ferrimanganiferous concretions; no charcoal; clear regular boundary to:

[Sample 0-4]

4 – 21/295YR 4/6 (yellowish red); no mottles; silty clay; strong medium subangular blocky breaking to moderate medium crumb, including patches of fine worm casts; no cutans; common coarse pores; slightly moist & friable; common medium & fine tree roots; few fine & medium slightly hard orange weathered stones; common fine black ferrimanganiferous concretions; few fine charcoal; gradual wavy boundary to:

[Samples 5-15, 15-25]

21/29 – 50/555YR 4/6 (yellowish red); no mottles; silty clay loam; weak medium subangular blocky breaking to moderate medium crumb, including patches of fine worm casts; weak discontinuous clayskins; many medium & coarse pores; slightly moist & slightly firm; few fine & medium tree roots; many fine medium slightly hard orange & black-coated stones & few very large (50 cm+) yellowish slightly weathered boulders; common fine black ferrimanganiferous concretions; no charcoal; clear wavy boundary to:

[Samples 25-35, 35-45, 45-55]

50/55 – 75/855YR 4/6 (yellowish red); no mottles; silty clay loam; moderate medium subangular blocky breaking to moderate fine crumb; weak discontinuous clayskins; common medium & coarse pores; slightly moist & slightly firm; common medium & fine tree roots; few fine soft orange & medium slightly hard platy grey stones; few fine black ferrimanganiferous concretions; no charcoal; clear slightly wavy boundary to:

[Samples 55 - 65, 65 - 75, 75 – 85]

75/85 –125/1305YR 4/6 (yellowish red); no mottles; silty clay loam; weak medium subangular blocky, breaking to moderate fine crumb; no cutans; many fine pores; slightly moist & slightly firm; common medium & fine tree roots; many medium & coarse soft & slightly hard orange & common slightly hard boulders to 50 cm diameter; few fine black ferrimanganiferous concretions; no charcoal; clear slightly wavy boundary to:

[Samples 85 - 95, 95 -105, 105 -115, 115 –125]

125/130– 1605YR 4/8 (yellowish red); no mottles; silty loam; moderate medium subangular blocky breaking to moderate fine crumb; weak discontinuous clayskins; few medium pores; slightly moist & slightly firm; common medium & fine tree roots; few boulders to 50 cm diameters & few fine soft orange weathered stones; common fine black ferrimanganiferous concretions; no charcoal:

[Samples 125 –135, 135 –145,145 –155]

Continued by auger (not sampled)

160 – 2105YR 4/8 (yellowish red); no mottles; silty clay; moist & friable, few medium soft orange weathered stones

210 – 2207.5YR 4/8 (strong brown); no mottles; silty clay loam; moist & friable, many coarse soft & hard orange & red black Mn-coated weathered stones

220+Orange weathered rock

Correlations

Catapan (1970) / O X W Lf 2
E B 1 1
World Reference Base / Hypereutric Ferralsol
Soil Taxonomy / Typic Eutrudox

FeaturesAlthough deep and highly weathered, with low CEC and some gibbsite, this profile is bouldery and augers like a Marron. Moderately firm & compact subsoil, although colours are bright reddish & unmottled. Clay contents increase somewhat gradually from the topsoil, but textures are mainly fine loam, rather than clay. Clayskins are weak and the subsoil is probably argillic. International correlations are with the Ferralsol/Oxisol. The clast concentrations are not sufficient to give Skeletic. The andesitic- looking clasts are concentrated in 2 weak sheets.There are many ferrimanganiferous concretions. CEC is low but highly base-saturated, and is clearly eutric/hypereutric.

Profile: PF02Soil class: Ava (Poacher)

Horizon depth

/ cm / 0-4 / 4-21/29 / 21/29 – 50/55 / 50/55
– 75/85 / 75/85
-125/130 / 125/130 - 160
Sample depth / 0-4 / 15-25 / 25 - 35 / 65 - 75 / 105 - 115 / 145 - 155

Organic matter

Organic C / % / 1.84 / 0.87 / 0.57 / nd / nd / nd
pH / water / 5.61 / 5.68 / 5.61 / 5.20 / 4.98 / 4.99
pH / CaCl2 / 5.40 / 5.48 / 5.44 / 5.08 / 4.74 / 4.49
Exchangeable Na / cmolc.kg-1
Exchangeable K
Exchangeable Ca
Exchangeable Mg
TEB
Extractable Al
ECEC
CEC
BS / %
Indirect pF estimate of clay / % of fine earth / 67 / 66 / 72 / nd / nd / nd
Clay minerals / Rank / Kaol > gibb > quartz / Kaol > gibb / Kaol > gibb / nd / nd / nd

ProfilePR06

Soil class: Balboa

Map unit:S

Location: 2 m NE of marker 6, Barbour-Lathrop Trail

Described & sampled:6 April 2005, late dry season

Site position:Upper slope

Slope:1%, irregular, aspect 10o

Parent material:Bohio

Forest structure:Closed canopy, moderate understory, few palms

Litter:100% cover, 3 layers, thin mat of fine surface roots

Outcrops: None

Stones: None

Cracks:None

Microrelief: None

Other surface features:None

Profile description:

0 - 5 cm5YR 4/6 (reddish brown); no mottles; silty clay loam; moderate medium & fine crumb, including many fine worm casts; no cutans; many fine pores; slightly moist & friable; common fine & medium tree roots; no stones; no concretions; no charcoal; clear regular wavy boundary to:

[Sample 0-5]

5 – 405YR 4/6 (yellowish red); no mottles; silty clay loam; moderate medium subangular blocky & many fine worm casts; no cutans; few fine pores & many fine faunal channels; slightly moist & friable; common medium, coarse & fine tree roots; no stones; few fine black ferrimanganiferous concretions; no charcoal; clear regular boundary to:

[Samples 5-15, 15-25, 25-35,]

40 – 655YR 4/6 (yellowish red); no mottles; silty clay loam; moderate medium crumb; very weak discontinuous clayskins on channel walls; few fine pores & many fine faunal channels; moist & slightly firm; few medium & fine tree roots; few fine slightly hard orange stones; few fine black ferrimanganiferous concretions; no charcoal; clear wavy boundary to:

[Samples 35-45, 45-55, 55 – 65]

65 -1657.5YR 5/8 (strong brown); no mottles; silty loam; weak medium crumb; no cutans; common medium & coarse pores, including common fine faunal channels; moist & friable; few fine & medium tree roots; few fine soft & slightly hard yellow weathered stones; few fine black ferrimanganiferous concretions; no charcoal.

[Samples 65 - 75, 75 – 85, 85 – 95, 95 –105, 105 – 115, 115 – 125, 125 – 135,

135 – 145, 145 -155]

Continued by auger (not sampled)

165 – 2107.5YR 5/8 (strong brown); no mottles; silty clay loam; slightly moist & friable; few fine soft orange weathered stones

210 - 2207.5YR 5/8 (strong brown); no mottles; silty clay loam; slightly moist & firm; common medium soft orange weathered stones

220 – 260+Mixed orange, red & white soft weathered rock, slightly moist & friable

Correlations

Catapan (1970) / O X W Lf 1
E A 1 0
World Reference Base / Haplic Ferralsol
Soil Taxonomy / Typic Hapludox

FeaturesGood example of orange Balboa. This class was originally divided between subsoil 5YR hues (orange = Lathrop) and the redder Balboa clays, but are now amalgamated.

This is the most ferralic/oxic profile seen: deep homogenous subsoil with no clay increase, silty hand textures, no blockiness, good micro-aggregation and friable consistence to more than 1.5 m. However, CEC and ECEC are moderate – high, and there is some albite (sodic feldspar) in the subsoil, so weathering is not complete. This soil is acid, base deficient and highly Al-saturated in most of the solum, but base saturation increases at depth, possibly due to weathering inputs. It has higher exchangeable K than other BCI red clays

This oil correlates better than most BCI red clays with typical tropical Ferralsols and Oxisols.

Profile: PR06Soil class: Balboa

Horizon depth / cm / 0-5 / 5-40 / 40-65 / 65 –
165
Sample depth / cm / 0-5 / 15-25 / 45-55 / 85-95 / 145 -
155
Soil reaction
pH / water / 4.6 / 3.8 / 3.9 / 4.25 / 4.1
pH / CaCl2 / 4.3 / 3.5 / 3.5 / 3.65 / 3.6
Exchangeable cations
Exchangeable Na / cmolc.kg-1 / 0.0 / 0.0 / 0.0 / 0.0 / 2.2
Exchangeable K / 1.1 / 0.5 / 0.4 / 0.7 / 3.2
Exchangeable Ca / 15.3 / 2.5 / 1.1 / 0.0 / 42.9
Exchangeable Mg / 3.6 / 1.9 / 1.3 / 1.5 / 2.9
TEB / 20.1 / 4.9 / 2.7 / 2.2 / 51.1
Extractable Al / 0.1 / 5.1 / 6.9 / 6.8 / 8.6
ECEC / 20.2 / 10.0 / 9.6 / 9.0 / 59.7
CEC / 43.6 / 28.0 / 28.0 / 44.7 / 47.5
BS / % / 99.5 / 48.7 / 28.3 / 24.2 / 85.6
Clay minerals
Kaol > gibb > albite / Kaol > gibb > albite / nd / nd / nd
Granulometry
Clay / % of fine earth / 68.0 / 81.0 / 78.5 / 37.5 / 39.5
Silt / 22.5 / 12.0 / 12.5 / 48.5 / 43.0
Sand / 9.0 / 7.0 / 9.0 / 14.0 / 18.0

ProfilePF05

Soil class: Balboa (Fairchild)

Map unit:F

Location: 10 m at 320o from marker 17, Barbour-Lathrop Trail

Described & sampled:6 April 2005, late dry season

Site position:Peninsular ridge knoll

Slope:3%, slightly convex, aspect 320o

Parent material:Bohio

Forest structure:Closed canopy, moderate understory, common palms

Litter:100% cover, 3 layers, no root mat

Outcrops: None

Stones: None

Cracks:None

Microrelief: None

Faunal activity:None

Other surface features:None

Profile description:

0 - 5 cm7.5YR 3/3 (dark brown); no mottles; clay loam; weak fine subangular blocky breaking to fine crumb, including few fine worm casts; no cutans; common coarse pores; slightly moist & friable; many fine & medium tree roots; few fine grit; no concretions; no charcoal; clear regular boundary to:

[Sample 0-5]

5 – 157.5YR 4/4 (dark brown); no mottles; silty clay loam; moderate coarse breaking to moderate medium subangular blocky; no cutans; few fine pores & common medium faunal channels; slightly moist & friable; common medium & fine tree roots; no stones; few fine black ferrimanganiferous concretions; few fine charcoal; clear regular boundary to:

[Sample 5-15]

15 -402.5YR 4/6 (red); no mottles; (silty) clay loam; moderate medium breaking to medium fine subangular blocky, & many fine worm casts; no cutans; many medium & coarse pores; slightly moist & firm; common fine & medium tree roots; no stones; few fine black ferrimanganiferous concretions; no charcoal; clear regular boundary to:

[Samples 15-25, 25-35, 35 -45].

40 -802.5YR 4/6 (red); no mottles; sandy clay loam; moderate medium subangular blocky breaking to moderate medium crumb; no cutans; common medium & coarse pores, including few fine faunal channels; slightly moist & firm; few fine & medium tree roots; many fine grey & orange slightly weathered stones & few coarse grey hard boulders; few fine black ferrimanganiferous concretions; no charcoal; diffuse boundary to:

[Samples] 45-55, 55 - 65, 65 - 75, 75 – 85]

80-1602.5YR 4/6 (red); no mottles; sandy clay loam; weak coarse subangular blocky breaking to moderate fine crumb; no cutans; common medium & coarse pores, including few fine faunal channels; slightly moist & friable; few fine & medium tree roots; many fine grey & yellow slightly weathered stones & many medium & large grey & yellow hard boulders, & patches soft light grey & purple weathered rock; few fine black ferrimanganiferous concretions; no charcoal.

[Samples 85 – 95, 95 –105, 105 – 115, 115 – 125,

125 – 135, 135 – 145, 145 -155]

Continued by auger (not sampled)

160 – 2052.5YR 4/6 (red); no mottles; sandy clay loam; many fine – coarse patches of slightly hard light grey & purple weathered rock

205 – 270+Mixed red, purple & grey weathered rock, hand textures as sandy clay;

Correlations

Catapan (1970) / O X W Kc 1
E A 1 1
World Reference Base / Haplic (-Eutric) Ferralsol
Soil Taxonomy / Typic Hapludox (- Eutrudox)

FeaturesHas enough boulders < 100 cm to look like a Fairchild when augering. However solum is quite deep, to 160 cm, and highlights the problem of assessing solum depth by augering in stony soils.

Clay increase erratic and no cutans seen, so clearly Ferralsol/Oxisol. CEC & ECEC values diverge in subsoil. High CEC gives low BS% and impression of base deficiency. The bases: Al balance indicates that this soil is marginally dystric, with extremely low contents of exchangeable K

Profile: PF05Soil class: Balboa (Fairchild)

Horizon depth / cm / 0-5 / 5-15 / 15-40 / 40-80 / 80-160
Sample depth / cm / 0-5 / 5-15 / 25-35 / 55-65 / 95-105 / 145-155
Soil reaction
pH / water / 5.5 / 5.7 / 4.1 / 4.5 / 4.3 / 4.55
pH / CaCl2 / 4.9 / 4.7 / 3.7 / 3.8 / 3.85 / 3.8
Exchangeable cations
Exchangeable Na / cmolc.kg-1 / 9.0 / 1.7 / 3.1 / 0.0 / 0.0
Exchangeable K / 0.1 / 0.0 / 0.0 / 0.0 / 0.0
Exchangeable Ca / 33.7 / 19.6 / 11.6 / 6.1 / 9.3
Exchangeable Mg / 5.6 / 4.3 / 3.1 / 2.7 / 12.7
TEB / 48.4 / 25.7 / 11.7 / 8.8 / 22.1
Extractable Al / 0.0 / 2.8 / 3.8 / 12.1 / 25.2
ECEC / 48.4 / 28.5 / 21.4 / 20.9 / 47.2
CEC / 104.3 / 82.6 / 98.2 / 92.1 / 136.7
BS / % / 100 / 90.2 / 82.4 / 42.2 / 46.7
Granulometry
Clay / % of fine earth / 31.0 / 40.0 / 28.5 / 25.5 / 20.5
Silt / 47.5 / 49.5 / 38.0 / 41.5 / 41.0
sand / 22.0 / 10.0 / 33.0 / 33.0 / 38.5

Profile PF15

Soil class: Poacher

Map unit:P

Location: 20m E of trail marker 2 on Wetmore

Described & sampled:27 August 2005, wet season

Site position:Lower slope

Slope:8%, concave

Parent material:Caimito marine sedimentary facies

Forest structure:Closed canopy, moderate understory, few palms

Litter:80%cover, 4 layers, fine root mat

Outcrops: None

Stones: Common moderate sized hard boulders

Cracks:None

Microrelief: None

Faunal activity:Few fine worm casts

Other surface features:None

Profile description:

0 - 10 cm5YR 3/2 (dark reddish brown); no mottles; humic silty loam; weak medium & fine crumb, including many fine & medium worm casts; no cutans; many fine & medium pores; moist & friable; many fine, many medium & fine tree roots; no stones; no concretions; no charcoal; clear regular boundary to: [Sample 0-10]

10 – 205YR 3/4 (dark reddish brown); no mottles; silty clay; moderate medium & coarse breaking to fine crumb, including common patches of fine worm casts; weak continuous clayskins; common medium & fine pores; moist & friable; common fine & few medium & rare coarse tree roots; few fine hard grey stones; no concretions; no charcoal; diffuse boundary to:

[Sample 10 - 20]

20 -355YR 4/4 (dark reddish brown), no mottles; silty clay; moderate medium & coarse platy breaking to moderate medium crumb, including few fine ant nest fragments; moderate continuous clayskins; few fine & medium pores; moist & slightly friable; rare coarse, & few medium & fine tree roots; few medium hard grey stones; no concretions; no charcoal; diffuse boundary to: [Sample 20-30].

35 -1355YR 4/6 (yellowish red), no mottles; sandy clay; moderate medium & coarse platy breaking to moderate medium crumb, including rare fine – coarse fragments of ant nest; moderate continuous clayskins; common fine & medium pores; moist & firm; few fine & medium tree roots; no stones; no concretions; no charcoal; diffuse boundary to:

[Samples 30 –40, 40-50, 50 – 60, 60 – 70, 70 – 80, 80 – 90, 90 –100,

100 – 110, 110 – 120,120 – 130]

135-160+2.5YR 4/6 (yellowish red); no mottles; clay loam; weak fine - coarse subangular blocky breaking to moderate fine crumb, including few fine worm casts; moderate continuous clayskins; common medium & fine pores, including few fine faunal channels; slightly moist & friable; few fine & medium tree roots; few fine quartz grit; common fine black ferrimanganiferous concretions; no charcoal; diffuse boundary to:

[Samples130 – 140, 140 –150]

Correlations

Catapan (1970) / O T W Cf 1
E B 1 0
World Reference Base / Ferralic Chromic Luvisol
Soil Taxonomy / (Eutrudoxic) Hapludalf

Features