AP United States History

Chapter 15

Blood and Freedom, 1863 - 1867

Section 1: People at War, 1863 (pgs. 433 – 438)

Life during the War/Purposes for Fighting

1.  Explain the role that the following played in the Civil War:

  1. Disease
  2. Hate for the enemy
  3. Religion

2.  Regarding the average Civil War soldier:

  1. 2 leading reasons why Union soldiers went to war
  2. Leading reason why Confederate soldiers fought
  3. 4 personal reasons why they all fought
  4. What was the average age of 60% of the Civil War soldiers?

Problems in the Confederate Government/Northern Home Front

3.  Regarding social stresses of the South during the Civil War:

  1. List the 4 southern cities were riots broke out for food and supplies.
  2. Explain the Confederate Impressments Act
  3. Describe the basic political dilemma facing the Confederate government

4.  Regarding social stresses of the North during the Civil War:

  1. List 3 groups in the North who opposed Lincoln’s handling of the war and their reasons for opposition.
  2. List 3 options available for Northern troops if drafted into service.
  3. List 5 Union states where draft riots broke occurred.

African American Soldiers

5.  Regarding African American soldiers during the Civil War:

  1. When was the first all black Union militia troop formed?
  2. List 2 restrictions placed on black enlistments
  3. At the outset of the war, what was the general view of the fighting abilities of the black soldiers?
  4. What was the estimate of black soldiers serving from Missouri during the Civil War?

Section 2: The Battlefields of Summer, 1863 (pgs. 438 – 445)

Vicksburg/Fredericksburg/Gettysburg

6.  Regarding the Battle of Vicksburg:

  1. List 2 Union officers in command
  2. List 2 Confederate officers in command

7.  Regarding the Battle of Fredericksburg:

  1. List the Union officer in command
  2. List 2 Confederate officers in command
  3. Union casualties
  4. Confederate casualties
  5. Describe the Confederate’s greatest loss

8.  Regarding the Battle of Gettysburg:

  1. List the 3 political/military objectives Lee hoped for in his move on Gettysburg
  2. List the 2 leading Confederate and 2 Union officers of Gettysburg
  3. Union casualties
  4. Confederate casualties

9.  Regarding the Battle for Vicksburg:

  1. How long did Grant hold Vicksburg under siege before the city surrendered?
  2. What 2 strategic advantages did the Union gain after the fall of Vicksburg?

Military Draft/Riots/Gettysburg Address

10.  Regarding Civil War draftees:

  1. How much of the Union army consisted of newly arrived immigrants?
  2. What 2 immigrant groups enrolled in large number to fight in the Civil War?
  3. List 2 reasons why the working class in the North opposed the war
  4. What sentiment drove the New York City draft riots?
  5. List 3 social results of the New York City draft riots?

11.  What event changed Northern views of black soldiers?

12.  After the Union defeat at Chickamauga, who did Lincoln appoint as Union Commander?

13.  Regarding the Gettysburg Address:

  1. Describe Lincoln’s view of his address at Gettysburg
  2. What did Lincoln call on from the nation in his address?
  3. To what principle did Lincoln wish to shift the war’s attention to?
  4. Describe the reaction of Britain and France after the Gettysburg address.

Section 3: The Winter of Discontent, 1863 (pgs. 445 – 451)

Northern and Southern Politics

14.  Regarding Lincoln’s plan for Reconstruction:

  1. Describe Lincoln’s plan for Southern amnesty and reconstruction.
  2. List 2 programs established to provide assistance for newly freed blacks
  3. What 2 Northern political factions resisted Lincoln’s plan for reconstruction?

15.  List 2 components of the controversial 1863 Wade-Davis Bill.

16.  Describe Jefferson Davis’s political dilemma in the South.

Prisons

17.  Regarding the Confederate prison camp at Andersonville:

  1. How many prisoners was the camp designed to hold?
  2. How many Union soldiers were imprisoned there?
  3. What was the death toll at the prison camp?
  4. Who was the Confederate commander at Andersonville?

18.  What was the total of Confederate deaths in Union prison camps?

19.  What was the total of Union deaths in Confederate prison camps?

Union Resolve

20.  By 1864, describe the military objectives of the following:

  1. Union
  2. General William T. Sherman

21.  By 1864, list the 3 Northern assets they held over the South.

22.  List 3 reasons why the South felt that they only had to hang on until 1864.

23.  How many African American soldiers signed up to join the Union ranks by the spring of 1864?

24.  Describe the Confederate general Nathan Bedford Forrest’ treatment to surrendering black soldiers during the war.

1864 Elections

25.  Regarding the 1864 Presidential election:

  1. How did republicans view Lincoln by 1864?
  2. Who was nominated at the Republican Vice-Presidential candidate?
  3. How did Democrats view Lincoln by 1864?
  4. Who did the Democrats nominate for Presidential candidate in 1864?
  5. Who did Missouri support in the 1864 election?
  6. Describe McClellan’s plan to end the war and restore the Union.
  7. Describe the results of the 1864 Presidential and Congressional elections.

Sherman’s March to the Sea

26.  Regarding Sherman’s March through the South:

  1. Name the 2 major Southern cities taken by General Sherman during his march to the sea.
  2. Describe Sherman’s concept of “total war”

Section 4: From War to Reconstruction (pgs. 451 – 463)

War Climax/Appomattox/Assassination

27.  Describe Sherman’s Special Order #15.

28.  Explain the 13th Amendment passed by Congress.

29.  What offer to slave owners did Lincoln contemplate in an effort to end the war?

30.  Where did Lee finally surrender to Grant in April 1865?

31.  Who assassinated Lincoln on April 14, 1865?

War Costs and Consequences

32.  Regarding Civil War casualties:

  1. Total Northern losses
  2. Total Southern losses
  3. Northern black soldiers lost
  4. Union losses to diseases
  5. Confederate losses to diseases

33.  Regarding post Civil War conditions:

  1. List 4 leading social problems following the Civil War
  2. How did the collapse of slavery affect Southern credit?
  3. List 3 economic processes that accelerated after the Civil War?
  4. List 3 economic mediums that were able to spur the growth of businesses?
  5. List 3 areas the federal government began to turn her efforts toward following the Civil War

Emancipation and the South/Black Mobilization

34.  Regarding conditions for Black Americans after the Civil War:

  1. After realizing their freedom, what was the top priority of former slaves?
  2. Describe the “share cropping” agreement.
  3. What were the 4 main functions of the Freeman’s Bureau?
  4. Why did blacks worry after the death of Abraham Lincoln?
  5. What were the 2 issues advocated by the Union Leagues?
  6. Around what 2 social institutions did blacks reconstruct her lives?

Andrew Johnson / Radical Republicans

35.  Regarding President Johnson’s Reconstruction plan:

  1. After Lincoln’s assassination in 1865, who became President?
  2. Explain why Johnson was not trusted in either the North or the South.
  3. List 5 leading components of Johnson’s “Presidential Reconstruction”.
  4. How did Johnson’s plan politically benefit the South?

36.  Regarding post war Confederate attitudes:

  1. Describe how emboldened Confederates “flaunted” their “defeat”.
  2. What were “black codes”?

37.  Regarding Congressional reform plans:

  1. Describe radical reforms Thaddeus Stevens
  2. Describe reforms offered by Charles Sumner
  3. List 2 leading reform issues supported by Moderates
  4. Describe Congressional reaction to President Johnson’s veto on the Civil Rights Bill.
  5. How did Johnson advise southern states to veto the proposed 14th Amendment?

38.  Regarding post war racial violence in the South:

  1. What 2 Southern cities erupted in racial violence in 1866?
  2. Who founded the Ku Klux Klan?
  3. What was the political and social function of the Klan?

Reconstruction

39.  Under the Reconstruction Act of 1866, list the 3 steps required for Confederate states to be readmitted into the Union.

40.  Regarding political battles between Johnson and the Radical republicans:

  1. List 3 ways in which the Radical Republicans reduced the powers of President Johnson
  2. What were the charges of impeachment brought up against President Johnson?

41.  Regarding attempts of Northern exploitation of post war southern conditions:

  1. Explain how Northern “carpetbaggers” exploited the South following the Civil War.
  2. Who were “scalawags”?

42.  Describe the political goals of the following:

  1. Southern blacks
  2. Southern whites

43.  List the 4 leading occupations of black political leaders of the South after the Civil War.

44.  What was linked to the rise of Democrats in both the North and the South to hold back on black political reforms?

45.  Describe the goals of Reconstruction for the following:

  1. Southern Blacks (3)
  2. Northern Whites
  3. Southern Whites

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