AP Euro Fall Final Study Guide

1.Political power in the Dutch Republic was

2.One of the largest rebellions in seventeenth-century Russia was that led by

3.Why did the English government arrive at a crisis situation by 1640?

4.French foreign policy under Cardinal Richelieu focused primarily on the

5.Cardinal Jules Mazarin’s struggle to increase royal revenues to meet the cost of war led to the uprisings of 1648–53, known as the

6.France’s strong economy was created by the mercantilist policies of

7.The Glorious Revolution and the concept of representative government found its best defense in the Second Treatise of Civil Government by

8.In music, the baroque style reached its culmination in the work of

9.After a defeat at Narva, Peter the Great constructed a new army and eventually beat the Swedish in 1709 at

10.Soft pastels, ornate interiors, and sentimental portraits are all characteristics of the style known as

11.Copernicus’s theory of the universe

12.Francis Bacon formalized the research methods of Tycho Brahe and Galileo into a theory of reasoning known as

13.How did governments respond to the new science?

14.In general, what was Voltaire’s attitude toward government?

15.Jean-Jacques Rousseau believed that

16.According to its editor, the fundamental goal of the Encyclopedia was to

17.Madame du Châtelet, Voltaire’s longtime companion,

18.In Historical and Critical Dictionary, Pierre Bayle demonstrated that

19.Voltaire was a deist who viewed God as akin to a

20.The idea of the public sphere that emerged during the Enlightenment refers to

21.Which country spearheaded the trend in scientific expeditions?

22.In the eighteenth century, European public health measures

23.What was a competitive advantage of the rural putting-out system?

24.At the center of Adam Smith’s arguments in The Wealth of Nations was the belief that

25.In the eighteenth century, the West’s largest and richest city was

26.A young woman entering domestic service could expect

27.Which of the following characterizes education for children outside the home in the early modern era?

28.As literacy expanded among the common people, what was a staple of popular literature other than the Bible?

29.In the eighteenth century, what did the strength of popular religion in Catholic countries reflect?

30.Why was John Wesley’s Methodism particularly appealing?

31.Why did Great Britain seek to raise taxes on its American colonies in the 1760s?

32.How did the reaction of kings and nobles in continental Europe toward the French Revolution change over the revolution’s first two years?

33.How did the delegates to the Legislative Assembly that convened in October 1791 differ from the delegates to the Estates General/National Assembly?

34.Why did the French commissioners in Saint-Domingue abolish slavery in 1793?

35.Why did members of the National Convention turn against Robespierre on the Ninth of Thermidor?

36.In the summer of 1789, the National Assembly was driven toward more radical action by

37.The tendency to hire family units in the early factories was

38.Why did eighteenth-century Britain have a shortage of wood?

39.How did industry grow in continental Europe?

40.The Great Exhibition of 1851 commemorated the

41.Who were the Luddites?

42.Owing to the Industrial Revolution, living and working conditions for the poor

43.The reformer Robert Owens sought to

44.What was the key demand of the Chartist movement?

45.In 1850, in what occupational area did the largest number of British people work?

46.What major problem in the textile industry was solved by the inventions of James Hargreaves and Richard Arkwright?

47.At the Congress of Vienna, the victorious allies

48.The romantic movement was characterized by

49.The romantic poet William Wordsworth conceived of poetry as the

50.Many Europeans and Americans embraced the Greek Revolution because

51.Karl Marx argued that socialism would be established

52.According to Joseph Proudhon in the nineteenth century, property was

53.What reform did France’s Second Republic institute in 1848?

54.Which social groups comprised the revolutionary alliance during the revolutions of 1848 in Central Europe?

55.The Chartist movement in Britain in the 1830s and 1840s demanded

56.Why was France unable to manage its debt in the eighteenth century, even though that debt was much smaller, relative to its population, than the debt of either Great Britain or Holland?

57.What was the outcome of the heightened central control established by absolutist and constitutional governments?

58.How did the Peace of Westphalia mark a turning point in European history?

59.The most influential aspect of René Descartes’ theories of nature was that

60.How did the problem of food shortages change in the eighteenth century?

61.Holland’s leadership in farming methodology can be attributed to

62.Why was the Declaration of Independence so important to the American Revolution?

63.How did the Peace of Utrecht resolve the problem of succession to the Spanish throne?

64.Merchant capitalists complained bitterly about

65.The industrious revolution was a result of

66.How did Cardinal Richelieu increase the power of the centralized French state?

67.What was the result of the War of the Austrian Succession?

68.Which of the following characterizes eighteenth-century colonial trade in Europe?

69.What helped to justify the growth of slavery in the eighteenth century?

70.Wealthy Spanish landowners kept indigenous workers on their estates through a system of:

71.How did the princes of Moscow seek to legitimize their authority as rulers of an independent state?

72.Which of the following describes the treatment of children in the seventeenth and early eighteenth century?

73.Why do many historians now believe that the continued concentration by the French on artisan production of luxury items made sense in an era of industrialization?

74.When speaking of “moral economy,” historians are referring to

75.What did Klemens von Metternich and Alexander I proclaim at the Troppau Conference in 1820?

76.Why did Protestant countries take the lead in expanding education to all children?

77.How did famines affect the European population in the seventeenth century?

78.The growth in eighteenth-century consumerism in clothing was encouraged by what two factors?

79.What was one of Karl Marx’s most important criticisms of the French utopian socialists?

80.The discipline of natural philosophy focused on

81.The religious revival movement known as Pietism

82.In the nineteenth century, what did Eugène Delacroix’s work typically feature?

83.In Great Britain, the Great Reform Bill of 1832

84.In the nineteenth century, how did Ireland’s population grow despite extreme poverty?

85.What was the most important influence on the peaceful mid-century reforms in Great Britain?

86.In 1848, what reform did the French government refuse that created a sense of class injustice?

87.Johannes Kepler believed that the elliptical orbit of planets

88.How did America’s Constitutional Convention of 1787 deal with the discord between pro- and anti-slavery delegates?

89.Victor Hugo’s political evolution was exactly the opposite of Wordsworth’s, whose

90.What was the primary goal of Galileo Galilei’s experimental method?