למ ס, שנתון סטטיסטי לישראל 2013 Cbs, Statistical Abstract of Israel 2013
למ''ס, שנתון סטטיסטי לישראל 2013 CBS, STATISTICAL ABSTRACT OF ISRAEL 2013
INTERNATIONAL COMPARISONS
השוואות בין-לאומיות)1(INTERNATIONAL COMPARISONS
Thischapterpresentscomparisonsofstatisticaldataon Israel with data onothercountries, particularlycountriesthataremembersoftheOrganizationforEconomicCooperationandDevelopment (OECD). Differentcountriestendtopublishtheirdatausingdefinitionsandformatsthatareconvenientforthem. Therefore, inordertosolveproblemsrelatedtothe accuracyofcomparisons, thischapterpresentsinformationthat is usuallytakenfromthe sources of internationalorganizationssuchastheUnitedNations, OECD, ILO, etc., which preparedatainawaythatallowsfor comparison.
LAND AREA, POPULATION, AND POPULATION DENSITY
(Table 28.1)
Sources
Data for all of the countries, excluding Israel, were taken from the UNSTATS - the World Bank website.
The data on Israel were obtained from data published by the Central Bureau of Statistics, see Chapter 1 - Geophysical Characteristics, Table 1.1, and Chapter 2 - Population, Tables 2.1, 2.14.
HEALTH
(Tables 28.2, 28.3)
Data on life expectancy and infant mortality were taken from the OECD Health Data, 2013.
DataonnationalexpenditureforhealthinOECDcountriesweretakenfromOECDpublications.
EstimatesforIsraelwerecalculatedintheframeworkofnationalaccounts.
TheaverageexpenditureforhealthpercapitaispresentedintermsofPurchasingPowerParities (PPP) - seethesectiononPurchasingPowerParitiesbelow.
ForadefinitionofGrossDomesticProductanditscomponents, seeChapter 14 -NationalAccounts.
EDUCATION
(Tables 28.4-28.8)
DataonnationalexpenditureforeducationinIsraelin 2010 were added to the international comparisons of the OECD, which were published by the OECD in Education at a Glance2013.
Estimates for Israel were calculated in the framework of national accounts.
Countries for which current estimates could not be obtained were eliminatedfromthetable.
InIsrael’sGDP, expendituresforeducationineducationalinstitutionsarehigherthaninalloftheothercountriesexamined. However, itshouldbenotedthatthepercentageofyoungpeopleintheIsraelipopulationisrelativelyhighcomparedwithothercountries.
AverageexpendituresperstudentarepresentedintermsofPPP (seesectiononPurchasingPowerParities - PPP below).
Foradefinition of GDP and its components, see Chapter 14 - National Accounts.
Data on enrollment rates by age group, average scores of 15-year-old students on the PISA 2006 (Programme for International Assessment) tests in Science, as well as data on the educational achievements of persons aged 25-64 by sex in average number of years of schooling were taken from the publication EducationataGlance oftheOECD.
The data on scores of Grade 8 students on the TIMSS 2007 (Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study) tests in Science Mathematics and are taken from the TIMSS 2007 – International Science Report, and from the TIMSS2007
from the International Mathematics Reportof the International Association for the Evaluation of International Achievement - IEA.
GENERAL GOVERNMENT EXPENDITURE
(Table 28.9)
Data on the general government expenditures by function were taken from the OECD database. The data on Israel that were reported to the OECD were calculated in the framework of the general government accounts, according to the System of National Accounts manual (SNA93).
LABOUR FORCE AND UNEMPLOYED PERSONS
(Tables 28.10-28.13)
Data are based on Labour Force Surveys.
ThedataarebasedonthedefinitionsrecommendedbytheInternationalLabourOrganization (ILO).
The data on Israel were published by the Central Bureau of Statistics (see Table 12.1).
Sources
The data for Tables 28.10-28.12 were mainly obtained from the database of the ILO.
The data for Table 28.13 were obtained from the EUROSTAT database.
PURCHASING POWER PARITIES
(Tables 28.14-28.19)
DEFINITIONSANDEXPLANATIONS
Theinternationalcomparisonsprojectwasconductedfor 51countries: 34 countries participating in the comparative research project conducted jointly by the OECD-Eurostat were members of the OECD,and 17 countries were not members.
The project was coordinated jointlybytheOECDandthestatisticsofficeoftheEuropeanUnion (Eurostat). Theaim oftheprojectwas to conduct aninternationalcomparisonoftheGrossDomesticProduct (GDP) anditscomponentexpenditurepercapita.
Forthat purpose, special currency conversion rates - PurchasingPowerParities (PPPs) – were constructed, which provide a basis for conversion to a common currency and equalizing the purchasing power of different countries.
The GDP, which is calculated by the PPP, is in fixed prices and thedifferencesintheGDPlevelsbetweencountriesreflectonlydifferencesinthevolumeofgoodsandservicespurchased.
Thepricelevelandvolumeindices (expenditurepercapita) werecalculated on the basis of the average of the 34 membercountriesoftheOECD.
Pricelevelindices- werederivedbydividingthevalueofthePurchasingPowerParity (PPP) ofeachcountrybyitsregularexchangerate.
Volumeindices–were derived bydividingtheaverageGDPpercapitaineachoneofthecountries, bytheaverageofallthecountriesparticipatinginthecalculation.
SOURCES
The data in Tables 28.14-28.17 are based on estimates, and were derived from the publications of the OECD. For the first time, Israel is participated in the project as a full member of the OECD. Therefore, estimates for Israel were also calculated by the OECD in the same way as the estimates for the other countries.
ThedataforTables28.18 and 28.19relateto2008, and the data were collected in 2006-2008.Tocalculate the PPPs, dataonpriceswerecollectedforabroadrangeofgoodsandservices (approximately 3,000 items), according to specificdefinitions determinedforall ofthecountriesparticipating intheproject. Forservicesprovidedtohouseholdsatareducedrateorfreeofcharge, dataoninputpriceswerecollected. InordertoweightthePPPvalueandtocalculatetheproductandexpenditureitems, therelevantexpendituredatainthenationalaccountswereused.
Information AND Communications TechnologIES (ICT)
(Table 28.20)
TheOECDpublishedcomparativedatafor2005-2009oncountriesbelongingtotheorganization. ThedataarepresentedbycategoriesthatreflectthemainICTactivitiesandthecontributionofthoseactivitiestotheeconomy.
The data on Israel were published by the Central Bureau of Statistics (see Chapter 18, Business, Tables 18.15 and 18.16).
AGRICULTURAL AREAS AND FOREST AREAS
(Table 28.21)
Foradefinitionofagriculturalarea, seeChapter19 -Agriculture.
Foradefinitionofforestarea, seeChapter 1 - GeophysicalCharacteristics.
SOURCES
Data on the area of the country, the forest area and agricultural area were obtained from the database of the International Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO).
DataonthepopulationwereobtainedfromtheUN Statistical Abstract.
Data on the forest area in Israel were provided by the Jewish National Fund (JNF).
Data on other areas and on the population of Israel were collected by the Central Bureau of Statistics.
FOOD SUPPLY BALANCE SHEET
(Table 28.22)
For definitions, see Chapter 19 - Agriculture.
SOURCES
DatawereobtainedfromthedatabaseoftheInternationalFoodandAgricultureOrganization (FAO).
The data on Israel were collected by the Central Bureau of Statistics (see Chapter 19 - Agriculture, Table 19.23).
TRANSPORT
(Tables 28.23-28.25)
Motor vehicles and level of motorization and road accidents with casualties and killed, for definitions see Chapter 24 - Transport and Communications.
Sources
The data were obtained from the IRF (international Road Federation) World Road Statistics.
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
(Table 28.26)
DataonR&DforOECDcountrieswereobtainedfromOECDpublications. When no detailed information was available for2011,dataweretakenforthenearestyear. EstimatesforIsraelwerecalculatedintheframeworkofNationalAccounts.
Countriesforwhichcurrentestimatescouldnotbeobtainedwereeliminatedfromthetable.
TheaverageexpenditureoncivilianRDpercapitaispresentedintermsofPPP (seesectiononPurchasingPowerParityabove.
ForadefinitionofGDPanditscomponents, seeChapter14 - NationalAccounts.
השוואות בין-לאומיות)1(INTERNATIONAL COMPARISONS
SELECTED PUBLICATIONS
השוואות בין-לאומיות)1(INTERNATIONAL COMPARISONS
SPECIALPUBLICATIONS
השוואות בין-לאומיות)1(INTERNATIONAL COMPARISONS
1151International Comparison Programme (ICP) - International Comparison of Gross Domestic Product and the Main Expenditure Components in Terms of Purchasing Power Parities (PPP), 1996
1325EducationinIsrael - anInternational Comparison, 2004
השוואות בין-לאומיות)1(INTERNATIONAL COMPARISONS