2007 Maryland Spring Classic
Round 8
Questions by Jeff Amoros, Phil Durkos and MAQT
Tossups
1) One of this group's key promoters was Smedley Darlington Butler, who was irked over being passed over for a military appointment. Their goal was the passage of the Patman Bill, and they were led by Walter Waters. The "Battle of (*) Anacostia Flats" resulted in their dispersion at the hands of Douglas MacArthur. FTP, identify this force of WWI veterans who camped outside Washington DC to demand immediate compensation for service.
ANSWER: Bonus Army
2) Discovered in the late 1970s by University of Illinois researcher Carl Woese, they are divided into two main groups: Crenarchaeota and Euryarchaeota. Their cellular membranes are made of branched chain hydrocarbons joined via ether linkages to (*) glycerol molecules. One natural habitat in which they thrive is undersea thermal vent zones, which eject sulfurous compounds and so provide nourishment for these creatures. FTP, name these primitive versions of true bacteria.
ANSWER: Archaea or Archaeabacteria
3) Their founding scholar was Antisthenes of Athens, a friend of Plato, but more famous members included Crito and his wife Hipparchia, as well as the scandalous (*) Diogenes of Sinope, who lived in a tub at the public bath and preached gloomy sermons on the purposelessness of everything. FTP, identify this early school of philosophers, named after the Greek for “dog,” whose name is used to label various modern pessimists.
ANSWER: Cynics or Cynicism
4) This work became such an instant success that its artist was commissioned to paint Westward the Course of Empire Takes its Way for the United States Capitol. A greenish promontory appears at this painting's left, while boats dominate the right background. Three men use oars to break ice in the foreground, and an (*) American flag appears in the center behind the title general, who stoically looks into the distance while posing on the edge of a boat. FTP, identify this painting by Emmanuel Leutze, which depicts an event which occurred on Christmas Eve of the year 1776.
ANSWER: Washington Crossing the Delaware
5) The first edition was prefixed with an “Advertisement,” warning that much of the content was “to be considered an experiment.” William Hazlitt's review of it famously celebrated only one of its two authors, though the Biographia Literaria of the other author sneers at Hazlitt's criticism. That author contributed his (*) Dejection: An Ode as well as a famous ballad about the travails of its title seafarer, while the other author contributed this collection's final piece, “Lines composed above Tintern Abbey.” FTP, name this 1796 poetry collaboration by Wordsworth and Coleridge.
ANSWER: Lyrical Ballads
6) Edward Gibbon devoted a side chapter in Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire to this woman, whom he much admired. A devotee of the warrior goddess Andraste, she assembled an army of over 50,000 men, twice the size her (*) husband's force had been, and led it against the Romans; eventually she committed suicide after being captured by Britannicus. Name this warrior queen of the Celtic nation of Iceni who fought Rome from 50-61 AD.
ANSWER: Boadicea or Boudicca
7) Archil is a similar substance to this that is derived from the same lichens like The Netherlands fungus Lecanora tartarea but by a different process. It is water-soluble, and chlorine gas has the ability to change its (*) color from blue to white. Because it can not detect specific values of the quantity it measures, devices like universal indicators are often used instead. FTP, name this mixture that, when absorbed onto filter paper, will turn the paper from purple to blue or red in the presence of a base or acid, respectively.
ANSWER: Litmus (accept things like “Litmus Test” and “Litmus Paper”; prompt on “pH Paper” or “pH Test”)
8) Daryl Bem has proposed self-perception theory as an alternative to this concept, which can be understood using the Free-choice Paradigm and the Belief-Disconfirmation Paradigm. Evidence about it was collected in an experiment in which subjects performed boring tasks and were told to lie about them to others. Its central tenet is that paired ideas can and do (*) conflict, motivating one to avoid information about either idea in order to bring both in harmony. FTP, name this psychological phenomenon developed by Leon Festinger that describes the condition of turmoil resulting from inconsistency between a person's actions and beliefs.
ANSWER: cognitive dissonance
9) Flowing across this country's eastern region is the Sutlej River, which merges into a larger river close the base of the Sulaiman Range. Lying in the north is the Vale of Peshawar, considered by some conservative (*) Sunni sects in southwestern state of Baluchistan to be a sacred region. The Thar Desert comprises its southeastern border. FTP, name this country whose major cities include Lahore and Karachi; a nation that still claims control of Kashmir
Answer: Pakistan
10) Characters in this novel include Natasha and Nikolai, but the two principle characters are young university students in St. Petersburg, representing a battle of ideologies. Arkady is intially infatuated with the protagonist's willful (*) nihilisism and intellectual contempt, but eventually is rejected by the protagonist. He then finds his courage to stand up for everything beautiful in the world, telling the protagonist, “You are my fallen god, Bazarov.” FTP, name this novel by Ivan Turgenev.
ANSWER: Fathers and Sons
11) With the help of Ragnachar, he defeated Syagrius, the last Roman official, at the Battle of Soissons. He converted to Catholicism as opposed to Arian Christianity at the urging of Clotilde, his (*) Burgundian Catholic wife. Through marriage and battle, he quickly consolidated his rule, eventually controlling most of Gaul. FTP, name this successor of Childeric I who became the first ruler in the Merovingian Dynasty.
ANSWER: Clovis I
12) This actor is slated to star in the upcoming film Kids in America, while he earlier starred as F. Scott Feinstadt in 2004’s P.S. His film career took off when he played a prep school drug addict in the movie Traffic, and he had a cameo as himself getting taught how to play poker by Rusty in Ocean’s Eleven. He scored leading roles as Pete in (*) Win a Date With Tad Hamilton! and as Carter in In Good Company. FTP, name this actor who will play Venom in Spiderman 3 and who played Eric Foreman on That ‘70s Show.
ANSWER: Christopher “Topher” Grace
13) His piano preludes include “The Girl with the Flaxen Hair” and “The Sunken Cathedral.” A play by Maeterlinck inspired his opera Pelleas et Melisande, and this composer of “L’Isle Joyeuse” and two Arabesques included "Doctor Gradus ad Parnassum" in his suite (*) Children’s Corner. He used a Stephane Mallarmé poem as the basis for his composition Prelude to the Afternoon of a Faun, and also created an orchestral work evoking the sounds of the sea. FTP, name this impressionistic French composer of La Mer and Clair de Lune.
ANSWER: Claude Debussy
14) In 1998, the Nobel Prize in Physics was awarded to Laughlin, Stormer, and Tsui because they showed that a fractional-quantized version of it can be elicited from a semiconductor via an intense magnetic field. Its analogue for electric fields is the (*) Zeeman Effect. FTP, identify this effect whereby an electric potential develops perpendicularly to both the flow of current and the magnetic field.
ANSWER: Hall effect
15) This man adapted Aristophanes’ The Wasps into a modern three-act comedy. His last play, Athalie (ah-tah-LEE), a Biblical tragedy, was written just after his appointment as official historiographer by (*) Louis XIV. This Jansenist once quit the theater in disgust over his perceived failure despite the early success of plays like Berenice and Andromaque (awn-dro-MAYK). FTP, identify this tragedian, whose masterpiece is Phedre (FED-r).
ANSWER: Jean-Baptiste Racine
16) Yukyo Mishima realized he was gay while admiring a painting of this man, who has, oddly, become something of a gay icon. Since the Emperor ordered that this man be executed naked he is the only saint traditionally depicted nude or semi-nude in Christian art. His feast is January 20, and he is the patron of (*) young men and dying soldiers. FTP identify this 3rd century martyr whom Emperor Diocletian ordered to be shot with arrows.
ANSWER St. Sebastian
17) Major Meredith led a force in an eponymous week long war against these last remaining members of the genus Dromaius in 1932 because they were running amuck in the Campion district of the only country they natively reside in today. A certain subspecies of these creatures were hunted to (*) extinction around 1850, probably leading to the subsequent extinction of the Tasmanian Tiger. They are the second tallest bird in the world behind only the ostrich and like the ostrich they are incapable of flight. FTP, identify these birds of Australia.
ANSWER: Emu (also accept Dromaius novaehollandiae)
18) Legend holds that Hippias, the disciple of this relation's eponymous formulator, was drowned because he used it to prove that the square root of 2 was irrational. Zeno of Elea used it to derive Hinge Theorem, while (*) Euclid derived from it the distance formula. FTP, name this theorem, which asserts that the square of the hypotenuse of a right triangle is equal to the sum of the squares of its two legs.
ANSWER: Pythagorean Theorem
19) He was a product of the University of Iowa Writer's Workshop, studying alongside Kurt Vonnegut. He was sexually abused at the age of 11 by an older woman, which may have accounted for May-December relationships in his novels Until I Find You and (*) A Widow for One Year. He won an Academy Award for adapting his novel Cider House Rules into a screenplay. FTP, name this author of A Prayer for Owen Meany and The World According to Garp.
ANSWER: John Irving
20) The most famous history of this event, a 2-volume work by the famed belletrist and cultural critic John Ruskin, appeared in 1871. With the birth of an heir, the prospect of a Catholic dynasty became real, spurring dissent in (*) Parliament. When a Dutch army landed in Devon, the King fled, was captured, and was allowed to leave for France. Name this mostly non-violent coup in which James II was replaced by William of Orange and his wife Mary.
ANSWER: Glorious Revolution (also accept Revolution of 1688 or Bloodless Revolution)
Bonuses
1) FTPE, identify the following things from Herman Melville's "Moby-Dick."
[10] This line is the book's first. It is also the last line of Roald Dahl's "Matilda"
ANSWER: Call me Ishmael
[10] This chief harpooner and friend of Ishmael’s comes from a fictional island in the South Pacific where they practice cannibalism.
ANSWER: Queequeg
[10] This is the whaler on which Ishmael and Queequeg ship out on and it is commanded by Captain Ahab.
ANSWER: Pequod
2) Warning: Full Name Required. FTPE, answer some questions about these various organizations.
[10] This New Deal organization, created by a similarily named act, was headed by Hugh Johnson to create fair competition codes. It was ruled unconstitutional in the case Schecter v. US.
ANSWER: National Recovery Administration (do not accept the “National Industrial Recovery Act”, that’s not an organization)
[10] This military force, led by Chiang Kai-shek, was formed by the Kuomintang in 1925 and fought against the People's Liberation army until its defeat in 1949.
ANSWER: National Revolutionary Army (also accept Guómín Gémìng Jūn)
[10] This organization was formed in 1871 by Col. William C. Church and Gen. George Wingate to improve the marksmanship of their troops. Today it is a major second amendment advocate.
ANSWER: National Rifle Association
3) FTPE, answer some questions about chemical elements.
[10] This element that is never found free in nature is used as a dopant in the semiconductor industry, and occurs abundantly in borax.
ANSWER: Boron
[10] This element, atomic number 74, has the highest melting point of non-alloyed metals, and it is used in light bulb filaments and X-Ray tubes.
ANSWER: Tungsten (also accept Wolfram)
[10] This synthetic element with atomic number 100 is named for the 1938 Physics Nobel Prize winner who won the prize for his work on induced radioactivity.
ANSWER: Fermium
4) FTPE, answer these questions about The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy, by Douglas Adams.
[10] The books follow this Englishman, who escapes Earth moments before it is demolished with the help of Ford Prefect, a writer for the Guide.
ANSWER: Arthur Dent
[10] He is a cousin of Ford Prefect, with whom he shares “three of the same mothers.” When the books begin, he is the President of the Galaxy.
ANSWER: Zaphod Beeblebrox
[10] A depressed and at times near suicidal piece of technology, this robot was voiced by Alan Rickman in the American movie version of the book.
ANSWER: Marvin, the Paranoid Android.
5) Given works by a 20th century philosopher who taught at Cambridge, name him FTPE. A more famous work will follow if you cannot, FFPE
[10] A Free Man's Worship, Obituary for Himself, and History of Western Philosophy
[5] Why I Am Not a Christian
ANSWER: Lord Bertrand Arthur William, Third Earl Russell
[10] 200-odd letters to TS Eliot's wife Vivian, and Philosophical Investigations
[5]Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus
ANSWER: Ludwig Wittgenstein
[10] To My Wayward Student Mr. H.L. Mencken, A Proof of the External World, and The Refutation of Idealism
[5] Principia Ethica
ANSWER: George Edward Moore