2.4 Defining, Naming and Writing Acids and Bases
Arrhenius Acids
o a substance that produces ______ions when dissolved in water
o The Hydrogen ions (H1+) immediately attach to water to form the ______ion.
o To recognize and ACID, look for an aqueous covalent compound that has a hydrogen ion as the first element
Examples:
H2SO4(aq) HCl(aq) H2CO3(aq) HNO3(aq)
Naming Binary Acids (non-oxygen acids)
à These compounds start with “______” & DO NOT contain______but do contain another nonmetal.
To name these compounds:
o HYDRO ______IC acid
o Fill in the blank with the ______name of the nonmetal
Example: HBr(aq) ______
Naming Oxyacids (contain oxygen)
à These compounds start with “______” & must contain ______with another nonmetal (polyatomic ion)
To name these compounds:
o Add the suffix - IC to the root of the nonmetal for “______” polyatomic ions
o Add the suffix - OUS to the root of the nonmetal for “______” polyatomic ions
Examples: HClO3(aq) H2SO4(aq)
HClO2(aq) H2SO3(aq)
HNO2(aq) HC2H3O2(aq)
SELF CHECK! HF(aq) H2S(aq)
H3PO4(aq)
Writing Formulas for Acids
Acids with “hydro” in the name (Binary Acids)
To write these formulasà
§ Write the cation ______.
§ Write the symbol for the anion and find its charge.
§ Balance the charges by adding the appropriate ______to the hydrogen cation if needed or do criss- cross method
Example: Hydrobromic acid
Acids without “hydro” in the name (Oxyacids)
To write these formulasà
§ Write the cation H+1
§ If it is an “IC ” acid, the anion is the “-ate ” polyatomic ion.
§ If it is an “OUS ” acid, the anion is the” -ite” polyatomic ion.
§ Add ______to the hydrogen cation to ______the charges or do criss-cross method
Example: Carbonic acid Chlorous acid
SELF CHECK!
Phosphorous acid Hydroiodic acid
YOU Must Know the Chemical Formula & Name for these 5 Acids:
1. ______2. ______
3. ______4. ______
5. ______
Arrhenius Bases
o a substance that produces ______, OH -1 when dissolved in water
NaOH à Na 1+ + OH1-
How do you identify an Arrhenius Base
o Look for an ionic compound that contains a METAL connected to a hydroxide ion OR recognize NH3, which is called ammonia
o Not all compounds ending in -OH are bases. The -OH must be connected to a metal.
o CH3OH is an alcohol.
Naming Bases
o Follow the rules for naming ionic compounds.
o Know NH3 is called ammonia
Example: NaOH
SELF CHECK!
Ca(OH)2 KOH
Copper(II)hydroxide Magnesium hydroxide
Another Definition of ACIDS & BASES
Bronsted -Lowry Acids
o Is a substance that is a proton or ______donor
HCl + H2O à H3O1+ + Cl1-
______
Bronsted -Lowry Bases
o Is a substance that is a proton or ______acceptor
NH3 + H2O à OH1- + NH41+ ______
Conjugate Acid & Base Pairs : FOUND ONLY ON THE RIGHT SIDE OF AN EQUATION
Conjugate Acids: substance formed when a base gains a H+ ion
HNO3 + H2O à H3O1+ + NO31-
______
Conjugate Bases: substance formed when an acid loses a H+ ion
NH3 + H2O à NH41+ + OH- ______