1. the Manipulated Variable Was The

A researcher investigated two groups of fruit flies. Population A was kept in a 0.5-L container. Population B was kept in a 1-L container.

1. The manipulated variable was the

A. number of flies.

B. time in days.

C. difference in time per group.

D. size of the containers.

2. Which of the following is a logical inference based on the contents of the graph?

A. The flies in Group B were healthier than those in Group A.

B. A fly population with more available space will grow larger than a population with less space.

C. If Group B were observed for 40 more days, the size of the population would double.

D. In 40 more days, the sizes of both populations would decrease at the same rate.

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Once a month, a pet owner recorded the mass of her puppy in a table. When the puppy was 3 months old, she started to feed it a “special puppy food” she saw advertised on TV.

5. According to the table, which statement is true?

A. The puppy's mass increased at the same rate for each month shown.

B. The puppy's increase in mass during month 4 was greater than 4 kg.

C. The puppy added more mass during month 2 than during month 3.

D. The puppy added more mass during month 3 than during month 2.

6. All of the following statements about the pet owner's study are true EXCEPT

A. The owner made quantitative observations.

B. The owner used the metric system.

C. The owner recorded data.

D. The owner conducted a controlled experiment.

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Which of the following statements about the image shown below is NOT an observation?

A. The insect has three legs on the left side.

B. The insect has a pattern on its back.

C. The insect's pattern shows that it is poisonous.

D. The insect is green, white, and black.

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Study the graph to answer the questions that follow.

The enzyme catalase speeds up the chemical reaction that changes hydrogen peroxide into oxygen and water. The amount of oxygen given off is an indication of the rate of the reaction.

9. Based on the graph, what can you conclude about the relationship between enzyme concentration and reaction rate?

A. Reaction rate decreases with increasing enzyme concentration.

B. Reaction rate increases with decreasing enzyme concentration.

C. Reaction rate increases with increasing enzyme concentration.

D. The variables are indirectly proportional.

10. Which concentration of catalase will produce the fastest reaction rate?

A. 0%

B. 5%

C. 15%

D. 20%

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The diagrams below represent the amount of biomass and the numbers of organisms in an ecosystem.

6. What is true about the pyramid of numbers?

A. First-level consumers compose the greatest number of individuals.

B. There are more third-level consumers than second-level consumers.

C. There are more producers than first-level consumers.

D. none of the above

7. What can you conclude based on the two pyramids?

A. The producers are probably small, like single-celled algae in a body of water.

B. The producers are probably large, like trees in a forest.

C. No reasonable conclusion can be drawn from the information given.

D. none of the above

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From 1960 to 1995, scientists recorded the concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere and the average temperature at a remote site in Hawaii. Their data are shown in the graph.

8. Based on the graph, which of the following is most likely?

A. Carbon dioxide levels and overall temperature will increase.

B. Carbon dioxide levels will soon decline.

C. Warm temperatures are increasing the carbon dioxide concentration.

D. The variables are indirectly proportional.

9. Which of the following would most likely cause an increase in atmospheric carbon dioxide?

A. increased biomass

B. a faster rate of photosynthesis

C. melting of the polar ice caps

D. increased burning of fossil fuels

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The graph below represents

A. carrying capacity.

B. exponential growth.

C. logistic growth.

D. limiting factors.

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Use the graph below to answer the following questions.

7. What is true of the time interval marked E in the graph?

A. Carrying capacity has been reached.

B. Birthrate is greater than death rate.

C. Population is growing.

D. The population is declining.

8. Which time interval(s) in the graph shows exponential growth?

A. D and E

B. A and B

C. C and D

D. E only

9. Which time interval(s) in the graph depicts the effects of limiting factors on population?

A. A only

B. A and B

C. C, D, and E

D. C and D

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Examine the food web below and determine which of the following organisms would accumulate the highest levels of a chlorinated pesticide.

A. hawk

B. rabbit

C. frog

D. grasses

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Use the information below to answer the questions that follow.

Fire ants first arrived in the United States in 1918, probably on a ship traveling from South America to Alabama. The maps show the geographic location of the U.S. fire ant population in 1953 and 1994.

9. Which statement is true about fire ants in the United States?

A. They reproduce slowly.

B. They are a native species of the United States.

C. They are an invasive species.

D. Their numbers are declining.

10. By 2010, fire ants are likely to

A. occupy Florida only.

B. have reached their carrying capacity.

C. die out.

D. have spread to a larger area.

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In an experiment, plant cells were placed in sucrose solutions of varying concentrations. The rate at which the plant cells absorbed sucrose from the solution was then measured for the different concentrations. The results are summarized in the graph below.

7. In this experiment, there was a positive sucrose uptake. Sucrose probably entered the cells by means of

A. endocytosis.

B. osmosis.

C. active transport.

D. phagocytosis.

8. The graph shows that as the concentration of sucrose increases from 10 to 30 mmol/L, the plant cells

A. take in sucrose more slowly.

B. take in sucrose more quickly.

C. fail to take in more sucrose.

D. secrete sucrose more slowly.

9. Which statement is best supported by information in the graph?

A. The rate of sucrose uptake increases at a constant rate from 0 to 30 mmol/L.

B. The rate of sucrose uptake decreases at a varying rate from 0 to 30 mmol/L.

C. The rate of sucrose uptake is less at 25 mmol/L than at 5 mmol/L.

D. The rate of sucrose uptake is constant between 30 and 40 mmol/L.

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Which organelle contains chlorophyll?

Which equation best summarizes the process of photosynthesis?

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Several drops of concentrated pigment were extracted from spinach leaves. These drops were placed at the bottom of a strip of highly absorbent paper. After the extract dried, the paper was suspended in a test tube containing alcohol so that only the tip of the paper was in the alcohol. As the alcohol was absorbed and moved up the paper, the various pigments contained in the extract separated as shown in the diagram below.

7. Which pigment traveled the shortest distance?

A. yellow-orange

B. yellow

C. blue-green

D. yellow-green

8. A valid conclusion that can be drawn from this information is that spinach leaves

A. use only chlorophyll during photosynthesis.

B. contain several pigments.

C. contain more orange pigment than yellow pigment.

D. are yellow-orange rather than green.

9. In which organelles would most of these pigments be found?

A. vacuoles

B. centrioles

C. mitochondria

D. chloroplasts

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The graph below shows the rate of alcoholic fermentation for yeast at different temperatures.

8. What is the relationship between the rate of fermentation and temperature?

A. The rate of fermentation continually increases as temperature increases.

B. The rate of fermentation continually decreases as temperature increases.

C. The rate of fermentation increases with temperature, then it rapidly decreases.

D. The rate of fermentation decreases with temperature, then it increases.

9. Which statement could explain the data shown in the graph?

A. The molecules that regulate fermentation perform optimally at temperatures above 30°C.

B. The yeast begins releasing carbon dioxide at 30°C.

C. The yeast cannot survive at temperatures above 30°C.

D. The molecules that regulate fermentation perform optimally below 10°C.

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The spindle fibers of a dividing cell were labeled with a fluorescent dye. At the beginning of anaphase, a laser beam was used to stop the dye from glowing on one side of the cell, thereby marking the fibers, as shown in the second diagram. The laser did not inhibit the normal function of the fibers.

10. This experiment tests a hypothesis about

A. how chromosomes migrate during cell division.

B. how fluorescent dyes work in the cell.

C. the effect of lasers on cells.

D. the effect of lasers on fluorescent dye.

11. The diagram shows that the spindle fibers

A. shorten on the chromosome side of the mark.

B. lengthen on the chromosome side of the mark.

C. shorten on the centriole side of the mark.

D. lengthen on the centriole side of the mark.

12. A valid conclusion that can be drawn from this experiment is that

A. centrioles pull chromosomes toward the poles of the cell.

B. chromosomes do not migrate in the presence of dye.

C. chromosomes migrate only when treated with dye.

D. chromosomes travel along the fibers toward the poles of the cell.

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Genes A, B, C, and D are located on the same chromosome. After calculating recombination frequencies, a student determines that these genes are separated by the following map units: C–D: 25 map units; A–B: 12 map units; B–D: 20 map units; and A–C: 17 map units.

7. How many map units apart are genes A and D?

A. 5

B. 8

C. 10

D. 12.5

8. Which gene map best reflects the student's data?

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A scientist analyzed several DNA samples from exons to determine the relative proportions of purine and pyrimidine bases. Her data are summarized in the table below.

8. Which sample(s) support(s) the base pairing rules?

A. Sample A only

B. Sample B only

C. Sample C only

D. Samples A and C

9. If the scientist had analyzed mRNA rather than DNA, what percentage of uracil would you expect to find in Sample B?

A. 10

B. 25

C. 35

D. 40

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A researcher chooses a plasmid with a gene that confers resistance to the antibiotic ampicillin. She isolates and tries to insert a human gene that codes for a protein into the plasmid. Next, she transforms bacteria using the plasmid. She then cultures the new bacteria on a nutrient medium containing ampicillin.

3. What can the researcher conclude about the bacteria that grow on the nutrient medium?

A. They are resistant to ampicillin.

B. They contain recombinant DNA.

C. They contain a human gene.

D. all of the above

4. Which of the following would indicate that the bacteria contain the human gene?

A. They produce the human protein encoded by the human gene.

B. They produce ampicillin.

C. both A and B

D. neither A nor B

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A student traced a widow's peak hairline in her family. Based on her interviews and observations, she drew the following pedigree:

5. Which pattern(s) of inheritance are consistent with the pedigree?

A. sex-linked

B. complete-dominance

C. codominance

D. incomplete-dominance

6. What are the probable genotypes of the student's parents?

A. Mother—Ww; Father—ww

B. Mother—ww; Father—ww

C. Mother—WW; Father—Ww

D. Mother—Ww; Father—Ww

7. The student does not have a widow's peak hairline, but her sister does. What are the girls' probable genotypes?

A. Student—Ww; her sister—ww

B. Student—WW; her sister—Ww

C. Student—ww; her sister—Ww

D. Student—ww; her sister—ww

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The diagram below best illustrates

A. Lamarck's theory of evolution.

B. Darwin's theory of evolution.

C. Malthus's principles.

D. Lyell's theory about past changes.

If coat color in a rabbit population is a polygenic trait, which process might have produced the graph below?

A. stabilizing selection

B. disruptive selection

C. directional selection

D. genetic equilibrium

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The graphs show the changes in crab color at one beach.

9. What process occurred over the 40-year period?

A. artificial selection

B. sexual selection

C. stabilizing selection

D. disruptive selection

10. Which of the following is most likely to have caused the change in distribution?

A. A new predator prefers dark-tan crabs.

B. A new predator prefers light-tan crabs.

C. A new beach color makes medium-tan crabs the least visible to predators.

D. A new beach color makes medium-tan crabs the most visible to predators.

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The graph shows the radioactive decay of an isotope. Use the information in the graph to answer the questions that follow.

7. The half-life of thorium-230 is 75,000 years. How long will it take for 7/8 of the original amount of thorium-230 in a sample to decay?

A. 75,000 years

B. 225,000 years

C. 25,000 years

D. 70,000 years

8. The half-life of potassium-40 is about 1300 million years. After four half-lives have passed, how much of the original sample will be left?

A. 1/16

B. 1/16 × 1300 million grams

C. ¼

D. ¼ × 1300 million grams

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Which organism belongs in the kingdom Animalia?