Chapter 10
Practice Quiz
Aggregate Demand and Supply
1. The aggregate demand curve is defined as
a. the net national product.
b. the sum of wages, rent, interest, and profits.
c. the real GDP purchased at different possible price levels.
d. the total dollar value of household expectations.
ANS:
c. Answers a, b, and c are not real GDP purchases at different possible price levels during a time period.
2. When the supply of credit is fixed, an increase in the price level stimulates the demand for credit, which, in turn, reduces consumption and investment spending. This effect is called the
a. real balances effect.
b. interest-rate effect.
c. net exports effect.
d. substitution effect.
ANS:
b. At a high price level, the demand for borrowed money increases and results in higher cost of borrowing (interest rates). Higher interest rates result in lower consumption and investment spending.
3. The real balances effect occurs because a higher price level reduces the real value of people’s
a. financial assets.
b. wages.
c. unpaid debt.
d. physical investments.
ANS:
a. As the price level increases, the real value of financial assets is worth less and purchasing power falls. As a result, real GDP demand decreases.
4. The net exports effect is the inverse relationship between net exports and the ______of an economy.
a. real GDP
b. GDP deflator
c. price level
d. consumption spending
ANS:
c. A higher domestic price level makes U.S. goods more expensive relative to foreign goods and vice versa.
5. Which of the following will shift the aggregate demand curve to the left?
a. An increase in exports
b. An increase in investment
c. An increase in government spending
d. A decrease in government spending
ANS:
d. Answers a, b, c shift the aggregate demand curve to the right.
6. Which of the following will not shift the aggregate demand curve to the left?
a. Consumers become more optimistic about the future.
b. Government spending decreases.
c. Business optimism decreases.
d. Consumers become pessimistic about the future.
ANS:
a. Answers “government spending decreases,” “business optimism decreases” and “consumers become pessimistic about the future” shift the aggregate demand curve leftward.
7. The popular theory prior to the Great Depression that the economy will automatically adjust to achieve full employment is
a. supply-side economics.
b. Keynesian economics.
c. classical economics.
d. mercantilism.
ANS:
c. Supply-side economic concerns shifts in aggregate supply. Keynesians do not believe the economy automatically adjusts to full employment. Mercantilism is the idea that gold or silver is the source of a nation’s wealth.
8. Classical economists believed that the
a. price system was stable.
b. goal of full employment was impossible.
c. price system automatically adjusts the economy to full employment in the long run.
d. government should attempt to restore full employment.
ANS:
c. This is a key assumption for the vertical shape of the classical aggregate supply curve.
9. Which of the following is not a range on the eclectic or general view of the aggregate supply curve?
a. Classical range
b. Keynesian range
c. Intermediate range
d. Monetary range
ANS:
d. Answers a, b, and c are the three different ranges of the aggregate supply at a level of real GDP below full employment.
10. Macroeconomic equilibrium occurs when
a. aggregate supply exceeds aggregate demand.
b. the economy is at full employment.
c. aggregate demand equals aggregate supply.
d. aggregate demand equals the average price level.
ANS:
c. Note that aggregate demand can equal aggregate supply at a level of real GDP below full employment.
11. Along the classical or vertical range of the aggregate supply curve, a decrease in the aggregate demand curve will decrease
a. both the price level and real GDP.
b. only real GDP.
c. only the price level.
d. neither real GDP or the price level.
ANS:
c. Along the vertical range of the aggregate supply curve, the economy is at full employment and only the price level changes.
12. Other factors held constant, a decrease in resource prices will shift the aggregate
a. demand curve leftward.
b. demand curve rightward.
c. supply curve leftward.
d. supply curve rightward.
ANS:
d. Changes in production costs do not affect the aggregate demand curve.
13. Assuming a fixed aggregate demand curve, a leftward shift in the aggregate supply curve causes a (an)
a. increase in the price level and a decrease in real GDP.
b. increase in the price level and an increase in real GDP.
c. decrease in the price level and a decrease in real GDP.
d. decrease in the price level and an increase in real GDP.
ANS:
a. See Exhibit 11 (a) in the text.
14. An increase in the price level caused by a rightward shift of the aggregate demand curve is called
a. cost-push inflation.
b. supply shock inflation.
c. demand shock inflation.
d. demand-pull inflation.
ANS:
d. See Exhibit 11 (b) in the text.
15. Suppose workers become pessimistic about their future employment, which causes themto save more and spend less. If the economy is
on the intermediate range of the aggregatesupply curve, then
a. both real GDP and the price level will fall.
b. real GDP will fall and the price level willrise.
c. real GDP will rise and the price level willfall.
d. both real GDP and the price level will rise.
ANS:
a. A leftward movement of the aggregate demand curve along a downward sloping aggregate supply curve will result in lower prices and less employment.