Unit Terms Chapter 16

Unit Terms Chapter 16

Name ______Date ______Pd. ______

US History

Chapter 7-10

Presidential Debate (Part 2)

Define each of the terms below in your own words. Be sure to consider the following when defining your terms:

  • Who was involved?
  • Where did the event take place?
  • When did the event take place?
  • What happened?
  • Why is it significant?
  1. Andrew Jackson
    - War Hero

-General in the War of 1812 (Battle of New Orleans); regained control of the Mississippi River for the US;helped to defeat Great Britain for the second time increasing a sense of nationalism across the country

-Jacksonian Democracy
- Period of expanding democracy and returning the power to the people (allowing more people to be a part of the democratic process – NOT just the rich, white, landowning men); through democratic processes such as voting

-Voting reforms
- during Jackson’s presidency; expanded the qualifications of those who could vote, allowing more citizens to take part in the process for example you did not have to own land to be eligible to vote anymore (exceptions were - no women, no children, no African Americans)

-Spoils System
- Extending political positions/jobs to your friends/family rather than those that are best qualified for the Presidential cabinet positions; Jackson employed this strategy to keep his supporters happy

-Tariff of Abominations
- named by the South for the taxes/tariffs that the US government placed on imported foreign goods; foreign nations then began to place a tariff on American goods in their countries (i.e. cotton, corn, rice, etc.) which hurt the profits of southern land owners

-Nullification Crisis

- South Carolina took it upon itself to nullify these tariffs (tariff of abominations); Jackson said South Carolina couldn’t do this as state law does not trump federal law; Jackson considered sending federal military force to South Carolina to settle the uprising

-Worcester v. Georgia
- Supreme Court Case that said the Cherokee Nation living in Georgia was an independent entity/unit and that the state of Georgia had no legal authority over them; Only the national government could make decisions regarding natives; Ignoring the Supreme Court ruling, Jackson permitted Georgia to continue to scrutinize the Cherokee Nation leading to the Indian Removal Act that pushed thesenatives west to Oklahoma on a trail of tears where thousands of natives died and struggled on the poor soil conditions while Southerners took over once native lands in Georgia for crop production

  1. Indian Removal Act
    - Indian Removal Act and Andrew Jackson; Pushing natives from the east (east of the Mississippi River) and profitable land to lands west of the Mississippi River much less suitable for crop production. This allowed plantation owners to expand in the east where natives once lived. Natives struggled to survive on the poor soil of Oklahoma, lacking irrigation and soil that lack nutrients.
  2. Trail of Tears
    - Path from Georgia to Oklahoma that natives took when they were forcibly removed from their eastern lands; thousands of natives died during their travels and struggled to survive on the new lands dedicated to them by the government
  1. Monroe Doctrine (foreign policy)

-Foreign policy during James Monroe; Warning from US to European nations to not interfere or attempt to colonize the newly freed lands in Central America. Should any nation try to colonize; America would see that as a threat and wage war with that nation

  1. John Quincy Adams
    - Election of 1824
    - Controversial election between J. Q. Adams and A. Jackson; the electoral vote was a tie (the vote then goes to the House of Representatives); Adams quickly gained the support of Henry Clay (the Speaker of the House at the time) and promised Clay a more elite job in Adams cabinet should Clay vote for him; J. Q. Adams won the election; Is this ok?
    - American System
    - While in J.Q. Adams’ cabinet - Henry Clay’s idea of national unity; supporting a national/federal bank that produces a common currency to promote trade between states; building of roads and canals to help transport people and goods from state to state; attempt to become less dependent on foreign nations
Top View