Test #3: PHI-1510 Fall 2010 (CH: 10,11,12 &13) DUE: 12-10-2010
True/False
Indicate whether the statement is true or false.
____ 1. Hume argues that we can have empirical knowledge of the existence of an external world.
____ 2. Hume argued that nature exhibits no evidence of a plan or design.
____ 3. Amoral and immoral mean the same thing.
____ 4. According to Kant, experience alone cannot give us knowledge of the external world.
____ 5. "Noumenal reality" is Kant's term for phenomenal reality when we understand it.
____ 6. Ethical hedonism is the belief that acts of self-sacrifice are impossible.
____ 7. John Stuart Mill rejected unmodified, simple utilitarianism.
____ 8. According to Mill, character and experience are major influences on what pleases us.
____ 9. Altruism refers to the capacity to get others to care for us.
____ 10. Mill defined happiness as contentment.
____ 11. Mill claimed that selfishness interferes with happiness.
____ 12. Utilitarianism is a modern application of hedonism.
____ 13. The struggle between the proletariat and bourgeoisie begins with the growth of the bourgeoisie.
____ 14. Hegel insisted that it is impossible to understand anything except as it relates to the Whole.
Multiple Choice
Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
____ 15. The word "skeptic" comes from a Greek root meaning _____.
a. / “believer”b. / “to examine”
c. / "one who trusts"
d. / “lover of wisdom”
____ 16. The term "empiricism" comes from a Greek root meaning _____.
a. / “to doubt”b. / “to wonder”
c. / “experience”
d. / “scientific”
____ 17. Which is the correct historical order of the British Empiricists?
a. / John Locke, David Hume, George Berkeleyb. / John Berkeley, David Locke, George Hume
c. / David Hume, John Berkeley, George Locke
d. / John Locke, George Berkeley, David Hume
____ 18. Tabula rasa is Latin for _____.
a. / “clean slate”b. / “table of reasons”
c. / “to calculate rationally”
d. / “empirical evidence”
____ 19. Locke said that before we can settle philosophical agreements, we must first _____.
a. / distinguish between what we know clearly and what we know distinctlyb. / study the origins of our ideas
c. / calculate the various consequences of holding this or that idea
d. / study math and science
____ 20. Although he rejected Descartes's theory of innate idea, Locke did agree with Descartes regarding _____.
a. / the existence of substanceb. / a priori ideas
c. / the ontological argument
d. / the nonexistence of substance
____ 21. According to Locke, _____ qualities exist independently of any perceiver.
a. / primaryb. / secondary
c. / material
d. / empirical
____ 22. According to Locke, _____ qualities are dependent on a perceiver.
a. / primaryb. / secondary
c. / material
d. / empirical
____ 23. Berkeley's famous question concerned _____.
a. / a tree falling in a forestb. / a squirrel running around a tree
c. / blind men and an elephant
d. / an ant and a grasshopper
____ 24. Berkeley's formula is _____.
a. / "Ought implies can"b. / "When in doubt, reason it out"
c. / "To be is to be perceived"
d. / "What can be known, can be known clearly"
____ 25. Hume's popularity soared after he published a book about _____.
a. / philosophyb. / religion
c. / cause and effect
d. / history
____ 26. Locke compared the mind at birth to a/an _____.
a. / bird before it can flyb. / blank sheet of white paper
c. / filing cabinet
d. / ball of soft wax
____ 27. According to Locke, all ideas come from _____.
a. / sensationb. / other ideas
c. / reason
d. / the imagination
____ 28. When using the correspondence truth test, the procedure for checking the truth of an idea is known as _____.
a. / rationalizationb. / communication
c. / verification
d. / inspection
____ 29. _____ is the view that knowing consists of both the knower and the known.
a. / The egocentric predicamentb. / Subjective-objectivism
c. / Interactionism
d. / Epistemological dualism
____ 30. The difficulty of verifying the existence of anything external to my own ideas generates the _____.
a. / subjectivist paradoxb. / epistemological turn
c. / egocentric predicament
d. / skeptical maze
____ 31. Both _____ and _____ shied away from pursuing the ultimate logical consequences of their basic premises.
a. / Locke; Humeb. / Locke; Descartes
c. / Descartes; Hume
d. / Berkeley; Hume
____ 32. Berkeley argued that _____ does not exist.
a. / the material worldb. / God
c. / the self
d. / reality
____ 33. Berkeley challenged Locke's _____.
a. / empiricismb. / copy theory
c. / rationalism
d. / cosmology
____ 34. According to Berkeley, all of the qualities we assign to material objects _____.
a. / are objective properties of those objectsb. / are illusory
c. / are relative to the perceiver
d. / are mirror images of spiritual qualities
____ 35. Esse est percipi means "_____."
a. / essence exists in particular casesb. / to know is to perceive
c. / to be is to be perceived
d. / I am, therefore, I know
____ 36. The logical consequence of Berkeley's epistemology is that _____.
a. / Locke was correctb. / only particular, immediate perceptions can be known to exist
c. / there is a God
d. / the unconscious mind is the source of all ideas
____ 37. According to Berkeley, God is _____.
a. / the Uncaused Causeb. / the Unmoved Mover
c. / a universal, never-ceasing perceiver
d. / only an idea
____ 38. Hume argued that neither _____ nor _____ exist(s).
a. / ideas; impressionsb. / experience; ideas
c. / mind; sensation
d. / matter; mind
____ 39. According to Hume, reason is _____.
a. / the supreme ruler of desireb. / the slave of the passions
c. / an illusion
d. / the product of God's infinite wisdom
____ 40. Hume achieved great fame for writing _____.
a. / the Treatise of Human Natureb. / Enquiry into Berkeleian Principles
c. / a History of England
d. / a Defense of Atheistic Religion
____ 41. Hume thought that _____.
a. / metaphysics is the "queen of the sciences"b. / no metaphysical dispute was ever clearly and thoroughly settled
c. / sound metaphysical principles established the truth of the copy theory
d. / metaphysical issues must be settled before epistemological issues could be addressed
____ 42. Hume distinguished between _____ and _____ on the basis of intensity.
a. / ideas; reasonsb. / reason; passion
c. / ideas; impressions
d. / truth; falsity
____ 43. According to Hume, all ideas can be traced to _____.
a. / imaginationb. / impressions
c. / thoughts
d. / custom
____ 44. The empirical criterion of meaning holds that ____.
a. / whatever exists is perceivedb. / life is worthwhile only if it contains a rich variety of experiences
c. / all ideas can be traced back to sense experience
d. / all meaningful ideas can be traced back to sense experience
____ 45. Hume presented the _____ theory of the self.
a. / Cartesianb. / bundle
c. / unconscious
d. / evolving
____ 46. According to Hume, strictly speaking, identity _____.
a. / is not a property of thingsb. / emerges only after adolescence
c. / applies to things as well as to people
d. / applies to things, not to people
____ 47. According to Hume, _____.
a. / something gives order to our experienceb. / each experience is unique, and therefore there is no order among experiences
c. / reason has no limits
d. / the existence of the external world is known empirically
____ 48. Hume concluded that _____ accounts for the universal notion of the independent existence of an external world.
a. / the Universal Observerb. / the nature of imagination
c. / the structure of matter
d. / nothing
____ 49. _____ is the reasoning pattern that moves from the particular to the general.
a. / Empiricismb. / Deductive reasoning
c. / Inductive reasoning
d. / Skepticism
____ 50. In Hume's time, cause and effect were defined in terms of _____.
a. / essential connectionb. / operant conditioning
c. / chronological sequence
d. / necessary connection
____ 51. According to Hume, there is _____ evidence for the existence of cause and effect.
a. / some empiricalb. / overwhelming rational
c. / no empirical
d. / irrefutable
____ 52. According to Hume, the qualities ascribed to God _____.
a. / are based on experienceb. / are identifiable by scientific reasoning
c. / are meaningless, empty noises
d. / are recognized in the hearts of all reasoning creatures
____ 53. According to Hume, the argument from design _____.
a. / proves that there is order in the universe, though it cannot prove the existence of Godb. / is based on a faulty analogy
c. / is based on a solid analogy
d. / proves that God is good
____ 54. What conclusion does Hume draw regarding the origin of the universe?
a. / The universe is like a complex mechanism.b. / There is no data for drawing any conclusion.
c. / The universe is a living organism.
d. / We know that the universe had to have an origin, but we do not understand exactly how it came to be.
____ 55. Hume argued that even though there is no certainty in life, _____.
a. / there is certainty in deathb. / we are psychologically compelled to live as if there is
c. / no one really believes in certainty anyway
d. / there is certainty on the supernatural level
____ 56. According to Hume, _____.
a. / reason's role is secondary to the role of moral sentimentsb. / reason's role is primary and the role of moral sentiments is to bolster reason
c. / inductive analysis reveals the clear pattern of moral causality-the only cause and effect relationship that can be scientifically supported
d. / ethics is a branch of psychology, not philosophy
____ 57. Hume held the belief that _____.
a. / all value is based on matters of factb. / values are "mental facts"
c. / facts themselves are valueless
d. / values correspond to facts
____ 58. The moral-nonmoral distinction is _____.
a. / descriptiveb. / prescriptive
c. / categorical
d. / subjunctive
____ 59. The moral-immoral distinction is _____.
a. / descriptiveb. / prescriptive
c. / categorical
d. / subjunctive
____ 60. The nature of the Critique of Pure Reason required Kant to _____.
a. / write in everyday language so that the average citizen could understand itb. / convert to Roman Catholicism
c. / coin new terms and give new meanings to old ones
d. / embark on a speaking tour to defend its claims
____ 61. Kant understood that _____ must be refuted if Enlightenment faith in reason was to be justified.
a. / Descartesb. / Locke
c. / Copernicus
d. / Hume
____ 62. Kant rejected the supremacy of science over philosophy because _____.
a. / philosophy was more "scientific" than scienceb. / science could only uncover mechanistic laws which had no place for God, freedom, or moral dignity
c. / science and philosophy must both be transcended by a religious leap of faith
d. / the supremacy of science was an irrational and illogical opinion.
____ 63. Kant's critique of knowledge is _____.
a. / a validation of rationalismb. / an analysis of how knowledge is possible
c. / a survey of true and false beliefs, arranged by topic
d. / a validation of Hume
____ 64. Kantian formalism is the theory that knowledge _____.
a. / occurs when we least expect itb. / comes directly from God, without the need for "informal" interpretation
c. / is the result of the interaction between the mind and sensation
d. / must be derived from formal experience of science
____ 65. According to Kantian formalism, knowledge _____.
a. / of the self is impossibleb. / of God is impossible
c. / is structured by biochemical laws
d. / is structured by categories
____ 66. According to Kant, when a theory results in conclusions that are inconsistent with experience, _____.
a. / real-world evidence must outweigh theoretical consistencyb. / theoretical consistency must outweigh real-world evidence
c. / we must modify our experiences accordingly
d. / we should ignore the inconsistency and thus avoid frustration
____ 67. According to Kant, scientific method _____.
a. / is based on the neutral, passive recording of observationsb. / cannot provide knowledge of the external world
c. / can uncover irrefutable laws of morality
d. / suggests that knowledge is a kind of interaction between the knower and the known
____ 68. _____ is the name Kant gave his attempt to discover whether a priori knowledge is possible.
a. / Transcendentalismb. / Kantianism
c. / Critical philosophy
d. / Noumenal philosophy
____ 69. According to Kant, Hume confused _____ with knowledge that is based on experience.
a. / knowledge that is superior to experienceb. / cause and effect
c. / a posteriori ideas
d. / knowledge that is triggered by experience
____ 70. _____ is an effort to assess the nature and limits of "pure reason" unadulterated by experience.
a. / Critical philosophyb. / Transcendentalism
c. / Apriorism
d. / Rationalism
____ 71. According to Kant, knowledge is formed by _____ and _____.
a. / phenomena; noumenab. / tabulae rasae; esse percipi
c. / actual experience; faculties of judgment
d. / common sense; scientific method
____ 72. _____ is Kant's term for the world as we experience it.