Supplement H Measuring Output Rates

Supplement H Measuring Output Rates

Supplement H  Measuring Output Rates

Supplement
H / Measuring Output Rates

TRUE/FALSE

  1. A work standard is the time required for a trained worker to perform a task following a prescribed method with normal effort and skill.

Answer: True

Reference: Introduction

Difficulty: Easy

Keywords: work, standard

  1. Work measurement is the process of creating labor standards based on the judgment of skilled observers.

Answer: True

Reference: Methods of Work Measurement

Difficulty: Easy

Keywords: work, measurement, labor, standard

  1. A time study is the method most often used for setting time standards for a job.

Answer: True

Reference: Methods of Work Measurement

Difficulty: Moderate

Keywords: study, time, standards

  1. The select time is the average observed time based only on representative times.

Answer: True

Reference: Methods of Work Measurement

Difficulty: Moderate

Keywords: select, time

  1. The snap-back method of time study resets the stopwatch to zero on the completion of each work element.

Answer: True

Reference: Methods of Work Measurement

Difficulty: Moderate

Keywords: snap-back, method, time, study

  1. The standard time for a work element is found by multiplying the select time by a performance-rating factor.

Answer: False

Reference: Methods of Work Measurement

Difficulty: Moderate

Keywords: standard, time, work, element

  1. The performance-rating factor in a time study is a totally objective measure.

Answer: False

Reference: Methods of Work Measurement

Difficulty: Moderate

Keywords: performance, rating, factor

  1. Fatigue, rest, or unavoidable delays are factored into a work standard by the performance-rating factor.

Answer: False

Reference: Methods of Work Measurement

Difficulty: Moderate

Keywords: allowance, time

  1. The normal time adjusts the select time by the regularity of occurrence and a performance rating factor.

Answer: False

Reference: Methods of Work Measurement

Difficulty: Moderate

Keywords: allowance, time, normal, frequency

  1. Time studies are appropriate for setting time standards for tasks that are different each time.

Answer: False

Reference: Methods of Work Measurement

Difficulty: Moderate

Keywords: time, study, standards

  1. Elemental standard time data can help managers develop time standards for new work before production begins.

Answer: True

Reference: Methods of Work Measurement

Difficulty: Moderate

Keywords: elemental, standard, time

  1. The methods time measurement system is a predetermined data system.

Answer: True

Reference: Methods of Work Measurement

Difficulty: Moderate

Keywords: MTM, methods, time, measurement

  1. The predetermineddata approach eliminates the need for time studies.

Answer: True

Reference: Methods of Work Measurement

Difficulty: Moderate

Keywords: predetermined, data, approach, time, studies

  1. A predetermined data approach to time standards can be completed before actual production begins.

Answer: True

Reference: Methods of Work Measurement

Difficulty: Moderate

Keywords: methods, time, measurement, predetermined

  1. The methods time measurement approach assumes that a sequence of motions will take the same amount of time regardless of the order in which they are performed.

Answer: True

Reference: Methods of Work Measurement

Difficulty: Moderate

Keywords: methods, time, measurement

  1. Work sampling can be used to estimate the proportion of time spent by people or machines on activities.

Answer: True

Reference: Methods of Work Measurement

Difficulty: Moderate

Keywords: work, sampling, proportion

  1. When using work sampling, the times of day when the analyst collects the sample data should be selected at random over the length of the study.

Answer: True

Reference: Methods of Work Measurement

Difficulty: Moderate

Keywords: work, sampling, data

  1. The more frequently the activity occurs, the longer the time period should be when conducting a work sampling study.

Answer: False

Reference: Methods of Work Measurement

Difficulty: Moderate

Keywords: work, sampling, frequency

  1. Special training is required for observers using work sampling.

Answer: False

Reference: Methods of Work Measurement

Difficulty: Moderate

Keywords: work, sampling

  1. As the sample size increases in a work sampling study, the maximum error decreases.

Answer: True

Reference: Methods of Work Measurement

Difficulty: Moderate

Keywords: sample, size, maximum, error

  1. Traditional work measurement techniques often are viewed as repressive.

Answer: True

Reference: Managerial Considerations in Work Measurement

Difficulty: Moderate

Keywords: work, measurement

MULTIPLE CHOICE

  1. Which of these drawbacks would be considered a hidden cost of work standards?
  2. Assigning tasks to workers and machines to utilize resources.
  3. Increased conflict between labor and management.
  4. Ability to compare alternative process designs.
  5. Determination of current and projected capacity requirements.

Answer: b

Reference: Work Standards

Difficulty: Easy

Keywords: work, standards, cost

  1. Work standards would NOT be helpful for management in which area?
  2. Developing costs for current and new products.
  3. Determining current and projected capacity requirements for a given demand.
  4. Comparing different routings for an item and evaluating new work methods and equipment.
  5. Forecasting demand for current products.

Answer: d

Reference: Work Standards

Difficulty: Moderate

Keywords: work, standards

  1. When a work analyst needs a high degree of precision in comparing actual work method results to standard, the best method to use would be:
  2. a stopwatch study.
  3. work sampling.
  4. the elemental standard data approach.
  5. the historical data approach.

Answer: a

Reference: Methods of Work Measurement

Difficulty: Moderate

Keywords: stopwatch, study

  1. The method used most often for setting time standards for a job is:
  2. the elemental standard data approach.
  3. the time study method.
  4. the predetermined data approach.
  5. the work sampling method.

Answer: b

Reference: Methods of Work Measurement

Difficulty: Moderate

Keywords: stopwatch, study

  1. Timing the work elements using the snap-back method requires:
  2. the worker to perform each job element as quickly as possible.
  3. a larger sample size than using the continuous method.
  4. the use of two stopwatches.
  5. a smaller sample size than using the continuous method.

Answer: c

Reference: Methods of Work Measurement

Difficulty: Moderate

Keywords: stopwatch, study, snap-back

  1. The continuous method of timing work elements:
  2. is more accurate than the snap-back method.
  3. is best combined with the work sampling method.
  4. will always result in increasing recorded times for successive work elements.
  5. requires a greater sample size than the snap-back method.

Answer: d

Reference: Methods of Work Measurement

Difficulty: Moderate

Keywords: stopwatch, study, continuous

  1. Garman observes a worker assembling peanut valves and records the data displayed in the table. What is the select time for this job element if the worker is rated at 80%?

Time (seconds) / Observations
20 / 15
25 / 12
30 / 12
  1. 15 seconds
  2. 20 seconds
  3. 25 seconds
  4. 30 seconds

Answer: c

Reference: Methods of Work Measurement

Difficulty: Easy

Keywords: stopwatch, study, select, time

  1. Garman observes a worker assembling peanut valves and records the data displayed in the table. During one of the cycles, the worker knocked the shaft out of the fixture and had to realign the fixtures. What is the select time for this job element if the worker is rated at 80%?

Time (seconds) / Observations
20 / 15
25 / 12
30 / 12
240 / 1
  1. Less than 23 seconds
  2. Greater than or equal to 23 seconds but less than 26 seconds
  3. Greater than or equal to 26 seconds but less than 29 seconds
  4. Greater than or equal to 29 seconds

Answer: b

Reference: Methods of Work Measurement

Difficulty: Moderate

Keywords: stopwatch, study, select, time

  1. Keith assembles peanut valves and the recorded data is displayed in the table. What is the select time for this job element if he is rated at 75%?

Time (minutes) / Observations
2.5 / 15
3.0 / 23
3.5 / 27
  1. Greater than or equal to 3 minutes
  2. Less than 3 minutes but greater than or equal to 2.7 minutes
  3. Less than 2.7 minutes but greater than or equal to 2.4 minutes
  4. Less than 2.4 minutes

Answer: a

Reference: Methods of Work Measurement

Difficulty: Easy

Keywords: stopwatch, study, select, time

  1. Keith assembles peanut valves and the recorded data is displayed in the table. During one of the cycles, he pauses to answer a phone call from his friend who suggests that he seek employment elsewhere. Keith fields calls with some regularity, but that’s not considered part of his routine job responsibilities. What is the select time for this job element if Keith is rated at 75%?

Time (minutes) / Observations
2.5 / 15
3.0 / 23
3.5 / 25
10 / 1
  1. Greater than or equal to 3.2 minutes
  2. Less than 3.2 minutes but greater than or equal to 2.8 minutes
  3. Less than 2.8 minutes but greater than or equal to 2.4 minutes
  4. Less than 2.4 minutes

Answer: b

Reference: Methods of Work Measurement

Difficulty: Moderate

Keywords: stopwatch, study, select, time

  1. Which one of the following statements about work-measurement methods is TRUE?
  2. The two methods of using a stopwatch in time studies are historical and snap-back.
  3. The time-study method is usually used for less-repetitive work with no definite work cycle.
  4. With the time-study method, the analyst assigns a performance rating factor (RF) to the work’s performance. A value of RF greater than 1 means the worker is slower than a standard worker.
  5. The work-sampling method needs many observations.

Answer: d

Reference: Methods of Work Measurement

Difficulty: Moderate

Keywords: measurement, methods, sampling

  1. Which one of the following statements about the time-study method is TRUE?
  2. It is most appropriate for “thinking” jobs such as an automobile mechanic’s diagnosis of a problem.
  3. It is used most often for setting time standards.
  4. Using the time-studymethod technique, time standards can be set for new jobs before production begins.
  5. Performance ratings are not needed in the derivation of time standards.

Answer: b

Reference: Methods of Work Measurement

Difficulty: Moderate

Keywords: time, study, standards

  1. Which one of the following statements about work measurement is TRUE?
  2. Work sampling is a technique to determine the proportion of time spent on different activities.
  3. In determining the normal time for the cycle, using a rating factor less than one (1.0) will increase the total time allowed for a job to be performed, relative to the select time.
  4. Machine standards are more difficult to develop than labor standards.
  5. The time-study method is most appropriate for non-repetitive jobs in which the nature of the task differs each time.

Answer: a

Reference: Methods of Work Measurement

Difficulty: Moderate

Keywords: work, measurement, sampling

  1. A time-study analyst is attempting to determine the standard time for a work element. She or he observes a worker performing the work element at a higher-than-average pace. How will this fact be reflected in the time standard that is eventually created?
  2. The frequency of the work element per cycle will be increased.
  3. The proportion of allowance time will be increased above 1.0.
  4. The performance rating factor will be set greater than 1.0.
  5. The normal time for the work element will be increased.

Answer: c

Reference: Methods of Work Measurement

Difficulty: Moderate

Keywords: performance, rating

  1. A manager is interested in setting a time standard for a machining operation. Which one of the following is LEAST likely to be of use?
  2. Time-study method
  3. Elemental standard data approach
  4. Predetermined data approach
  5. Work sampling method

Answer: d

Reference: Methods of Work Measurement

Difficulty: Moderate

Keywords: work, sampling

  1. With a time-study approach, the:
  2. nature of the task can be different with each replication, and the standards will still be good.
  3. skill of the observer is not very important.
  4. sample size is a function of the desired precision of the time estimate.
  5. sample size is typically larger than required for the work sampling approach.

Answer: c

Reference: Methods of Work Measurement

Difficulty: Moderate

Keywords: time, study, sample, size, precision

  1. When using a time-study approach, the standard time is:
  2. the normal time per cycle multiplied by 1.0 plus the allowance.
  3. the select time multiplied by the rating factor, summed over all work elements.
  4. the select time plus z times the standard deviation.
  5. the normal time plus z times the standard deviation.

Answer: a

Reference: Methods of Work Measurement

Difficulty: Moderate

Keywords: time, study, standard

  1. An analyst using a time-study approach:
  2. observes the worker at random times, categorizing what he or she is doing at that time.
  3. must rate the performance of the worker on each element of the total task.
  4. divides the total task into micro-motions such as “reach” and “grasp” and then times the worker on each one.
  5. should use all observations in determining the standard, regardless of how irregular they might be, to be fair to the worker.

Answer: b

Reference: Methods of Work Measurement

Difficulty: Moderate

Keywords: time, study, performance, rating

  1. An advantage of the elemental standard data approach is that there is:
  2. a reduction in the number of time studies needed.
  3. no need to estimate allowances.
  4. no need to use time-study methods.
  5. no need to estimate the variable characteristics of jobs.

Answer: a

Reference: Methods of Work Measurement

Difficulty: Moderate

Keywords: elemental, standard, data

  1. With the use of the elemental standard data approach:
  2. there is no need to estimate allowances.
  3. managers can develop standards for new work before production begins.
  4. time studies are not needed.
  5. the need to specify job variables that affect times for each work element is eliminated.

Answer: b

Reference: Methods of Work Measurement

Difficulty: Moderate

Keywords: elemental, standard, data

  1. The advantage of using the predetermined-data approach for setting standards is that:
  2. it allows the setting of standards for a new job before production begins.
  3. the predetermined data are representative of all workers, without question.
  4. it does not require any special training to use it.
  5. it can be used on jobs in which the times to perform the micro-motions are sequence dependent.

Answer: a

Reference: Methods of Work Measurement

Difficulty: Moderate

Keywords: predetermined, data, standards

  1. Which of the following is not an advantage of the predetermined-data approach to work measurement?
  2. Standards can be set before production begins.
  3. New work methods can be compared without conducting a time study.
  4. Performance ratings are not needed to derive standards.
  5. The approach is particularly applicable to firms with a flexible flow strategy.

Answer: d

Reference: Methods of Work Measurement

Difficulty: Moderate

Keywords: predetermined, data

  1. Which work-measurement technique breaks down tasks into a series of generic micro-motions?
  2. Time-study method
  3. Elemental standard data approach
  4. Predetermined-data approach
  5. Work-sampling method

Answer: c

Reference: Methods of Work Measurement

Difficulty: Moderate

Keywords: micro-motion, work, measurement

  1. With the use of the methods time measurement approach:
  2. stopwatches are needed to time the elements that go together to make a task.
  3. there is a problem of biased judgment because performance ratings are needed to derive standards.
  4. work must be broken down into micro-motions.
  5. an analyst consults tables that contain the select times for a variety of work elements.

Answer: c

Reference: Methods of Work Measurement

Difficulty: Moderate

Keywords: methods, time, management, micro-motions

  1. Which of the following is TRUE regarding the MTM approach?
  2. A performance rating factor greater than 1.0 means the worker under observation is working slowly.
  3. A frequency of less than 1.0 means that the job element is not performed during every cycle.
  4. A performance rating factor less than 1.0 means the worker under observation is not producing output that has high quality.
  5. A negative allowance time means that the worker under observation is taking excessive breaks.

Answer: b

Reference: Methods of Work Measurement

Difficulty: Easy

Keywords: methods, time, measurement, MTM, frequency

  1. When using the MTM approach:
  2. stopwatches are needed to time the elements that go together to make a task.
  3. there is a problem of biased judgment because performance ratings are needed to derive standards.
  4. an analyst consults tables that contain the select times for a variety of work elements.
  5. new work methods can be compared without conducting a time study.

Answer: d

Reference: Methods of Work Measurement

Difficulty: Moderate

Keywords: methods, time, measurement, MTM

  1. When using a work-sampling study:
  2. the underlying assumption is that the proportion of time during which the activity is observed in the sample will be the proportion of time spent on the activity in general.
  3. the underlying assumption is that small samples of an activity can provide accurate measures of time spent on the activity.
  4. an advantage is that the study can normally be concluded in a day or less.
  5. the analyst must be highly trained in statistical observation.

Answer: a

Reference: Methods of Work Measurement

Difficulty: Moderate

Keywords: work, sampling, proportion

  1. Work sampling is most often used in situations in which:
  2. a time standard is needed for a repetitive job.
  3. an estimate of the proportion of the time spent on a particular activity is needed.
  4. it is important to keep the sample size down.
  5. special training is required for the observer, and stopwatches must be used.

Answer: b

Reference: Methods of Work Measurement

Difficulty: Moderate

Keywords: work, sampling

  1. Work sampling is one method of work measurement. A major disadvantage of this method is that:
  2. observers must be specially trained.
  3. only one study can be conducted at a time.
  4. it can be used only in hospital settings.
  5. a large number of observations are often required.

Answer: d

Reference: Methods of Work Measurement

Difficulty: Moderate

Keywords: work, sampling

  1. During a time study, the following times were observed for a particular job using the continuous (non-snapback) method: 22, 51, 72, 98, 128, and 150 seconds. There is only one element per cycle. The sample standard deviation of the observed times has already been computed as 3.9 seconds. If an estimate for the average time that is within 4 percent of the true long-range average 95 percent of the time is desired, how many additional observations are needed?
  2. Fewer than or equal to 40
  3. Greater than 40 but fewer than or equal to 55
  4. Greater than 55 but fewer than or equal to 70
  5. Greater than 70

Answer: c

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