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UNIT 5 REVIEW GUIDE - NERVOUS SYSTEM

1a) State the 3 functions of the nervous system.

1)

2)

3)

1b) Complete a flow chart showing the relationships within the nervous system using the following terms:

Central nervous system, autonomic nervous system, peripheral nervous system, parasympathetic, and sympathetic nervous system

2) Sketch a typical NEURON in the space below. Label the following structures:

cell bodydendritesaxonnodes of Ranvierneurotransmitters

nucleusmyelinsynaptic end bulbvesiclesdirection of impulse

glial cell

3) How are neurons different than neuroglial cells?

4) State the function of each of the following neuroglial cell types:

● oligodendrocytes:

● astrocytes:

● Schwann cells:

5a) What is the purpose of MYELIN (i.e. the MYELIN SHEATH)?

5b) Describe axon myelination & its role in saltatory conduction.

6) Describe the general function(s) of each of the following neuron types:

I) SENSORY NEURONS:

II) INTERNEURONS:

III) MOTOR NEURONS:

7a) List & briefly describe the four events that occur to create an ACTION POTENTIAL.

1)

2)

3)

4)

7b) Draw and label a graph of the four phasesof an action potential.

7c) How does the neuron return to its resting state (membrane potential)?

8a) What is the resting potential of a neuron and what is the threshold potential?

8b) What is meant by an “all-or-none” response?

8c) How is a stimulus of greater intensity processed as compared to a stimulus of lesser intensity:

9a) List the events that occur at a SYNAPSE when an impulse is transmitted from neuron to another.

10a) What is a NEUROTRANSMITTER?

10b) List the neurotransmitters in the human body from your notes & their function.

11a) Draw the following information: there are synaptic end bulbs from 2 different neurons synapsing with the dendrites of a 3rd neuron which is at rest. Synaptic end bulb #1 releases neurotransmitters that cause a -5 mV change inside the cell body and synaptic end bulb #2 releases neurotransmitters that cause a +25mV change inside the cell body.

11b) Will there be an action potential generated in neuron #3? How do you know?

12) What is a REFLEX?

13) List the 5 steps/actions that occur during the “knee-jerk reflex” and the “pupillary reflex.”

1)

2)

3)

4)

5)

14) List the four major regions of the brain & their general function:

1)

2)

3)

4)

14b) Differentiate between the function of the motor cortexsomatosensory cortex. Which brain region are these found in?

15a) State the location of the CORPUS CALLOSUM.

15b) What is its function?

16) Describe the location AND functions of CEREBROSPINAL FLUID.

> Location:

> Functions:

17) On the diagram below, label the:

-occipital lobe-CEREBELLUM-hypothalamus-midbrain

-frontal lobe-medulla oblongata-corpus callosum-thalamus

-parietal lobe-pons-pituitary gland-spinal cord

-temporal lobe

18) Complete the following chart of the various parts of the brain:

Region / Structure / Where in the brain? / Function(s)
Thalamus
Hypothalamus
Pineal Gland
Optic chiasma
Midbrain
Pons
Medulla oblongata
Frontal lobe
Parietal lobe
Temporal lobe
Occipital lobe
Cerebellum

19a) Outline the functional differences between the SYMPATHETIC and the PARASYMPATHETIC divisions of the autonomic nervous system.

19b) Give an example of a situation in your life when your SYMPATHETIC division might be active.

20) Why do you think the hypothalamus is sometimes called the “autonomic nervous center”?

21) What conditions must be met in order for neurons to repair themselves?

22) Briefly describe the main symptoms of the following conditions (from neurological conditions chart).

  • Parkinson’s Disease:
  • Migraine:
  • Epilepsy:
  • Schizophrenia:
  • Huntington’s disease:
  • Dementia:
  • Alzheimer’s:
  • Cerebral Palsy:
  • Multiple Sclerosis: