Study Guide for Nutrition Exam 1
Fall 2016
Carbohydrates
Define/Describe/Explain:
o Carbohydrates
o Simple Carbohydrates (a.k.a “Simple Sugars”)
§ Monosaccharides
· Glucose
· Fructose
· Galactose
§ Disaccharides
· Sucrose
· Maltose
· Lactose
o Complex Carbohydrates (a.k.a. Polysaccharides)
§ Glycogen
§ Starch
§ Fibers (E.G. Cellulose)
· Soluble Fiber
· Insoluble Fiber
¨ List several advantages of consuming mostly complex fiber-rich carbohydrates rather than simple carbohydrates. Include some ‘best’ and ‘worst’ food sources.
Lipids
Define/Describe/Explain:
o Lipid
o Hydrophobic
o Triacylglycerol a.k.a. Triglycerides
o Saturated fatty acid
o Unsaturated fatty acids (exist as monounsaturated FAs and polyunsaturated FAs)
o Phospholipid
o Sterols a.k.a. steroids
o Carotenoids
¨ Explain the term “hydrogenated” and explain why food manufacturers would want to use hydrogenation as part of their production process. Why should consumer want to be concerned about having hydrogenated oils in their foods?
¨ List some various roles of lipids in our bodies.
Proteins
Define/Describe/Explain:
o Protein
o “Essential” amino acid
o Non-essential amino acid
o Complete protein a.k.a. “high quality protein”
o Incomplete protein a.k.a. “low quality protein”
o Complementary proteins
¨ List some various roles of proteins in our bodies.
¨ List some foods considered to be good sources of protein.
Vitamins
Define/Describe/Explain:
o Vitamin
o Lipid soluble vitamins
o Water soluble vitamins
¨ Can vitamins cure illnesses?
¨ Can illnesses be prevented by vitamins?
¨ Can athletic performance be improved by vitamin supplements?
Minerals
o Mineral
o Major minerals
o Trace minerals
o Osteoblasts
o osteoclasts
¨ Tell me all you know about osteoporosis.
Water
Define/Describe/Explain:
o Euhydration
o Dehydration
o Hyponatremia
o Pitting edema
o Pulmonary edema
¨ Adequate water intake is essential for reducing your odds of developing a variety of ailments. List 6.
¨ The effects of inadequate water intake are fairly predictable corresponding to percentage of water lost. Explain.
¨ Explain the various factors affecting how much water intake a given person needs. What are some good rules of thumb on how much water to drink per day?
J. James Updated August 29, 20162