Professor and Canada Research Chair in Bioethics and Philosophy

Professor and Canada Research Chair in Bioethics and Philosophy

F R A N Ç O I S E B A Y L I S

Professor and Canada Research Chair in Bioethics and Philosophy

Dalhousie University

Faculty of Medicine, Novel Tech EthicsPhone: 902.494-2873

P.O. Box 15000, 1379 Seymour StFax: 902.494-2924

Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada B3H 4R2Email:

EDUCATION

  • PhD, Philosophy (specialization in Bioethics), University of Western Ontario, 1989
  • MA, Philosophy, University of Western Ontario, 1984
  • BA (First Class Honours), Political Science, McGillUniversity, 1983
  • Certificate of Bilingualism, Laurentian University, 1981
  • Certificate of Law and Justice, Laurentian University, 1981

HONOURS and AWARDS

  • Canada Research Chair in Bioethics and Philosophy, 2011- 2018
  • Who’s Who in Black Canada, special Black History Month tribute, highlighting 28 of Canada’s top influencers & trailblazers (February 24, 2011)
  • Fellow, Royal Society of Canada, The Academies of Arts, Humanities and Sciences, 2007-present
  • Fellow, CanadianAcademy of Health Sciences, 2007-present
  • The Ascension of Effort, Official Black History Month Poster featuring four successful Black Canadians (artist, Robert Small), 2006dalnews.dal.ca/2006/02/17/blackhistory.html
  • Canadian Who’s Who, University of Toronto Press, 2004-present
  • Canada Research Chair in Bioethics and Philosophy, 2004-2011
  • Dalhousie University Research Professorship, 2003-2008 (declined)
  • Who’s Who in Black Canada, D.P. Williams and Associates, 2002-present
  • Dalhousie Medical Research Foundation Award of Excellence in Medical Research (Bioethics), 2001
  • Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada Doctoral Fellowship, 198588
  • Ontario Graduate Scholarship, 1985 (declined)
  • Ontario Graduate Scholarship, 1984
  • Entrance Scholarship, University of Western Ontario, 1983-84
  • SpecialUniversity Scholarship, University of Western Ontario, 1983-84
  • Delta Upsilon and John W.F. Peacock Memorial Scholarship, McGill University, 1983-84
  • James McGill Award, McGill University, 1982-83
  • Programmes de moniteurs des langues officielles, 1982
  • James McGill Entrance Award, McGill University, 1981-82
  • Laurentian University Faculty Scholarship, Laurentian University, 1981-82 (declined)
  • Laurentian University Faculty Scholarship, Laurentian University, 1980-81
  • Second Language Program Fellowship, Laurentian University, 1980-81
  • RJ Askin Memorial Prize, Laurentian University, 1980
  • ET Lute Memorial Prize, Laurentian University, 1980
  • Laurentian Entrance Scholarship, Laurentian University, 1979-80
  • Ruth E. Foley Memorial Scholarship, Laurentian University, 1978-79
  • Ontario Scholar, 1979

EMPLOYMENT

Current Academic Appointments

  • Professor and Canada Research Chair in Bioethics and Philosophy, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, 2004-present
  • Professor, Department of Philosophy, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences, Dalhousie University (cross-appointment since 2002)
  • Professor, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University (cross-appointment since 2009)
  • Visiting Scholar, Bioethics Centre, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand, 2011
  • Adjunct Professor, Centre for Biology and Society, Arizona State University, July 2010-12
  • Visiting Professor, Centre for Biomedicine and Society– CBAS, School of Social Science & Public Policy, King’s College London, October 2009-12

Previous Academic Appointments

  • Visiting Researcher, Brocher Foundation, Hermance,Switzerland, July 2008
  • Visiting Fellow, Centre de Recherche en Ethique de l’Université de Montréal (CREUM), 2003-04
  • Professor, Department of Bioethics, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, 2002-11
  • Acting Department Head, Bioethics, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, 2000-01
  • Associate Professor, Department of Bioethics, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, 1996-2002
  • Associate Professor, Department of Philosophy, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences, Dalhousie University, 1996-2002
  • Assistant Professor, Department of Philosophy, University of TennesseeKnoxville, 1993-96
  • Lecturer, Department of Pediatrics, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, and Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Toronto, 1991-93
  • Lecturer, Dept. of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Western Ontario, 1989-91

Previous Employment: Academic

  • Research Associate, Westminster Institute for Ethics and Human Values, 1989-90
  • Academic Secretary, Medical Research Council, Working Group on Guidelines for Somatic Cell Gene Therapy, 1988
  • Researcher, Westminster Institute for Ethics and Human Values, 1988-89
  • Graduate Research Assistant, Westminster Institute for Ethics and Human Values, 1987-88
  • Instructor, Department of Philosophy, University of Western Ontario, 1984-85
  • Teaching Assistant, Department of Philosophy, University of Western Ontario, 1983-84

Previous Employment: Clinical

  • Ethics Consultant, Board Ethics Committee, IWK-Grace Health Centre, Halifax, 1996-97
  • Clinical Associate in Medical Ethics, University of Tennessee Medical Centre Knoxville, 1993-96
  • Bioethicist, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, 1991-93
  • Ethics Consultant, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University Hospital, London Ontario, Early Pre-Implantation Cell Screening (EPICS), and embryo freezing, 1991

INTERNATIONAL and NATIONAL COMMITTEES

International Committees

  • International Advisory Group for the REMEDiE project -- Regenerative Medicine in Europe: Emerging needs and challenges in a global context, Member, 2008-11
  • Comité scientifique international CRĒUM (Centre de Recherche en Ēthique de l’Université de Montréal), Member, 2008-ff

Governor-in-Council Appointments

  • Assisted Human Reproduction Canada (AHRC), Board of Directors, 2006-10
  • Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR), Governing Council, 2001-04
  • Canadian Biotechnology Advisory Committee (CBAC),1999-2001

National Committees

  • Royal Society of Canada, Scientific Advisory Committee, 2009 – current
  • Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR), Gender and Health Institute Advisory Board, 2009-11
  • Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR), Institute Advisory Board Ethics Designates, 2009-11
  • Canadian Commission for UNESCO, Sectoral Commission, Natural, Social and Human Sciences, 2008-13
  • Canadian Centre for Ethics in Sport (CCES), Board of Directors, 2006-12
  • Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR), Co-Chair Standing Committee on Ethics, 2001-04
  • Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR), Priorities and Planning Committee, Institute of Genetics, Ethics, Legal and Social Issues, (ex officio) 2002-04
  • Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR), Genetics Institute Advisory Board (also a member of Executive), 2001
  • Genome Canada, Science and Industry Advisory Committee (SIAC), 2000-03
  • Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR), Ad Hoc Working Group on Stem Cell Research, 2000-01
  • National Reference Group on Post-Exposure Prophylaxis, Health Canada, 2000-01
  • Advisory Group to the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR) Interim Governing Council Sub-Committee on Ethics, 1999
  • Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council (SSHRC)/ Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR) Health Activities, Advisory Committee, 1999
  • Biomedical Ethics Committee, RoyalCollege Physicians and Surgeons of Canada (RCPSC), 1999-2001
  • National Council on Ethics in Human Research (NCEHR), Member of Council, 1998-2000
  • Ethics of Research Design Committee, Member, 1999-2000
  • Consent Committee, Member, 1993-99
  • Ethics Committee, Society of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists of Canada (SOGC), Member, 1994-97

National Committees: Co-author of final reports

  • Ad Hoc Working Group on Stem Cell Research (2002). Human pluripotent stem cell research. Recommendations for CIHR-funded research. Canadian Institutes of Health Research.
  • Sherwin, S., Baylis, F., Bernstein A., Caulfield, T., Dickens, B., Downie, J. et al. (1999). Integrating bioethics and health law into the Canadian institutes of health research
  • American Society for Bioethics and Humanities (1998). Core competencies for health care ethics consultation. Glenview, IL: ASBH.
  • Society of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists of Canada (1997). SOGC clinical practice guidelines. Policy statement: Involuntary intervention in the lives of pregnant women. Journal of the Society of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists of Canada, 19, 1200-1203.
  • Society of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists of Canada (1997). SOGC practice guidelines. Policy statement: Preconception arrangements. Journal of the Society of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists of Canada, 19, 393-399.
  • National Council on Ethics in Human Research (1996). Facilitating ethical research: Promoting informed choice [Discussion document]. NCEHR Communiqué CNERH, (Suppl.) 7(2), i-28.
  • National Council on Bioethics in Human Research (1990). Ethical aspects of pharmaceutically-based clinical investigation. Annals of the RoyalCollege of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada, 23, 436-438.

National CommitteeMeetings: Consultant

  • Law Commission of Canada. Study Panel. Does age matter? Law and relationships between generations [2004Discussion paper], February 2006.
  • HIV/AIDS Policy Co-ordination Division, Health Canada, September 1998.
  • Women's Health Bureau, Health Canada, January 1998.
  • Tri-council working group. Code of ethical conduct for research involving humans. Ottawa: MRC, NSERC, SSHRC, February 1997.
  • Medical Research Council, Advisory Committee on Women in Clinical Trials, May 1995.

Academic Association Board Service

  • Steering Committee, Royal Society of Canada Atlantic Chapter (SC-A), 2008-2010.
  • Committee on Expert Panels, Royal Society of Canada, 2008-current.
  • Nominating Committee, International Network on Feminist Approaches to Bioethics (FAB), Chair, 2008.
  • International Network on Feminist Approaches to Bioethics (FAB), Advisory Board Member, 2006-08.
  • International Network on Feminist Approaches to Bioethics (FAB), Co-coordinator, 2004-06.
  • Clinical Ethics Task Force, American Society for Bioethics and Humanities (ASBH), 2000-01.
  • Task Force on Standards for Clinical Ethics Consultation, Society for Health and Human Values/Society for Bioethics Consultation (SHHV/SBC) 1996-98.
  • Society for Bioethics Consultation (SBC), 1995-97.
  • Canadian Bioethics Society (CBS), Secretary-Treasurer, 198991.

CAREER AWARD

Year / Title / Granting Agency / Amount
2011-2018 / Impact Ethics: Making a Difference / Canada Research Chair / 1,400,000
2004-2011 / Novel Genetic Technologies and Inter-generational Justice / Canada Research Chair / 1,400,000

RESEARCH AWARDS

Year / Title / Granting Agency / Amount / Role
2011- 2014 / A Comparative Study of Assisted Human Reproduction Patients’ Views about the Donation of Eggs and Embryos for Scientific and Clinical Research / Canadian Institutes of Health Research / $345,399 / Principal Investigator
2010-2013 / Let Conscience be their Guide? Conscientious Refusals in Reproductive Health Care / Canadian Institutes of Health Research / $240,297 / Co-investigator
(PI: C. McLeod)
2007-2009 / Pandemic Planning and Foundational Questions of Justice, the Common Good and the Public Interest / Canadian Institutes of Health Research / $130,347 / Principal investigator
2006- 2011 / States of Mind: Emerging Issues in Neuroethics / Canadian Institutes of Health Research / $1,376,500 / Principal Investigator
2005-
2009 / Therapeutic Hopes and Ethical Concerns: Clinical Research in the Neurosciences / Canadian Institutes of Health Research / $472,348 / Principal Investigator
2005 / States of Mind: Emerging Issues in Neuroethics (LoI) / Canadian Institutes of Health Research / $5,000 / Principal Investigator
2004-2008 / Big-Picture Bioethics: Policy-making and Liberal Democracy / Australian Research Council / $339,658
(AUD) / Co-investigator
(PI: S. Dodds)
2004-
2007 / Ethical Frameworks for Health Policy: Apprisal, Appraisal and Applications / Canadian Institutes of Health Research / $193,898 / Co-investigator
(PI: N.Kenny)
2004 / Development Support, Neuroethics New Emerging Team Grant / Nova Scotia Health Research Foundation / $6,010 / Co-project Leader (with J.S. Robert)
2004 / Big-Picture Bioethics: Policy-making and Liberal Democracy / University of Wollongong / $15,000 (AUD) / Co-investigator
(PI: S. Dodds)
2003-2005 / Our Cells/Ourselves: The Ethics of Embryonic Stem Cell Research / Stem Cell Network
(NCE) / $161,240 / Co-project Leader (with J.S. Robert)
2003-2005 / The Model Systems Strategic Research Network / Stem Cell Network
(NCE) / $251,232 / Co-project Leader (with J.S. Robert)
2003-2008 / Towards Single Embryo Transfer in the Human / Canadian Institutes of Health Research / $3,350,000
($459,000) / Collaborator
(PI: T. Kennedy)
2003-2004 / Frozen Human Embryos in Research: A Survey of Canadian IVF clinics / Associated Medical Services Inc. / $18,200 / Principal Investigator
2001-2007
2001-2003 / Stem Cell Genomics and Therapeutics Network
(Sources of Material in Human Stem Cell Research) / Network of Centres of Excellence (NCE) / $21,100,000
($127,785) / Principal Investigator
(SD: R. Worton)
2001-
2004 / Gene Therapy For Neurological Disease / Canadian Institutes of Health Research / $1,300,000
($96,000) / Co-investigator
(PI: G. Karpati)
2001-2002 / Justice for All: Novel Genetic Technologies and Obligations to Future Generations / Canadian Institutes of Health Research / $40,970 / Principal Investigator
2000-
2002 / Ethnicity, Citizenship, Family: Identity After the Human Genome Project / NIH, National Human Genome Research Institute / $460,000
(US) / Project Advisor
(PI: C. Elliot)
2000-
2001 / Our Cells/Ourselves: Human Biotechnology, Ethics and Public Policy in the New Millennium / Associated Medical Services Inc. / $15,000 / Principal Investigator
2000-
2001 / Attitudes of Pregnant Women to Cord Blood Stem Cell Collection, Testing and Banking / IWK Grace Research Services / $14,275 / Co-investigator
(PI: C Fernandez)
1999-2000 / Human Cloning and Intergenerational Justice / DalhousieUniversity / $3,692 / Principal Investigator
1999 / Bioethics and Health Law in CIHR / SSHRC-CHSRF / $39,923 / Co-investigator
(PI: S. Sherwin)
1997-2000 / Enhancement Technologies and Human Identity / SSHRC / $135,000 / Co-investigator
(PI: C. Elliott)
1997-1999 / Enriching the COPS Curriculum Through Integration: Genetics, Communication, Ethics and Law / DalhousieUniversity,
Research and Development Fund of the Division of Medical Education / $13,400 / Principal Investigator
1997 / Research on Gene Transfer: Ethical Considerations / Dalhousie Medical Research Foundation / $7,116 / Principal Investigator
1996-1998 / SHHV/SBC Task Force on Standards for Clinical Ethics Consultation / Greenwall Foundation
US bioethics centres and networks / $316,000 (US) / Member
(PI: S. Younger and B. Arnold)
1994 / A Feminist Analysis of the Concepts of Abuse, Illness and Cultural Difference / University of Tennessee-Knoxville
Faculty Research Award / $5,000 (US) / Principal Investigator
1993-1997 / Feminist Health Care Ethics / SSHRC / $120,000 / Co-investigator
(PI: S. Sherwin)
1993-1996 / Paediatric Ethics: Theoretical Foundations as Realized in Post-graduate Medical Education / Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council, and AMS / $119,750
$100,000 / Co-investigator
(PI: A. Lynch)
1992-1995 / Educating Healthcare Ethics Committees / FIPSE, US Department of Education / $340,000 (US) / Faculty
(PI: S. Spicker)
1991-1994 / Ethics Consultation in Health Care / Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council / $70,000 / Principal Investigator
1987-1990 / Health Care Ethics Project / AMS; Ivey Fund;
UWO / $100,000 / Faculty
(PI: A. Lynch)

CIHR TRAINING PROGRAMS

Year / Title / Amount / Role
2002-2008 / Ethics of Health Research and Policy Training Program / $300,000 annual average
100,000 NSHRF (2002-2004) / Co-investigator
(PI: M. McDonald)
2002-
2008 / CIHR Strategic Training Initiative in Research in Reproductive Health Sciences (STIRRHS) / $300,000 annual average / Mentor
(PI: W. Fraser)
2002-2008 / CIHR Training Program in Health Law and Policy / $300,000 annual average / Mentor
(PI: J. Downie)

INFRASTRUCTURE GRANTS

Establishment of an Intellectual Commons for interdisciplinary research in bioethics.

Year / Funding Source / Amount / Role
2004-2008 / Canada Foundation for Innovation: Innovation Fund / $109,700 / Principal Investigator
2004-2008 / Nova Scotia Research and Innovation Trust / $109,700 / Principal Investigator
2004-2008 / Dalhousie Faculty of Medicine / $49,301 / Principal Investigator

Establishment of the Canadian Centre for Vaccinology (Halifax) with laboratories for basic, translational, and multidisciplinary research and facilities for human challenge studies

Year / Funding Source / Amount / Role
2004-2008 / Canada Foundation for Innovation: Innovation Fund / $2,251,893 / Co-investigator
(PI: SA Halperin)
2004-2006 / Office of Economic Development, Government of Nova Scotia / $2,263,309 / Co-investigator
(PI: SA Halperin)
2004-2008 / IWK Health Centre and other partners / $1,126,340 / Co-investigator
(PI: SA Halperin)
2004-2008 / Canada Foundation for Innovation: ResearchHospital Fund / $2,176,726 / Co-investigator
(PI: SA Halperin)

WORKSHOP/MEETING GRANTS

Year / Title / Granting Agency / Amount / Role
2009 / Brain Matters: New Directions in Neuroethics / CIHR
NSHRF
DalhousieUniversity
IRCM
NRC
Other / $25,000
$3,500
$13,500
$2,000
$1,500
$4,000 / Principal Investigator
2009 / Brain Matters: New Directions in Neuroethics / Greenwall Foundation / $5,000 (US) / Co-Principal
Investigator
(w J.S. Robert)
2009 / Café Scientifique
Autism: Research Priorities and the Public Purse / CIHR / $3,000 / Nominated Principal Applicant
1997-1998 / Assent and Dissent in Research Involving Children / IWK Grace Health Centre Foundation
HSC Foundation
SSHRC
AMS
MRC
NCI / $10,000
$10,000
$9,812
$5,000
$5,000
$2,000 / Principal Investigator

RESEARCH CONTRACTS

  • Baylis, F. Public Health Ethics 101. Ottawa: Policy and Partnership Division, Office of Public Health practice, September 2010-February 2011.
  • Baylis, F. Procréation assistée: Expert ethics report for the Canadian government in reference regarding the Assisted Human Reproduction Act S.C. 2004, c.2. Ottawa: Ministère de la justice: Attorney General of Quebec v. Attorney General of Canada, July 2006-March 2007.
  • Baylis, F., & Downie J. Directory of researchers. Ottawa: Industry Canada, Canadian Biotechnology Secretariat, July 2006-March 2007
  • Baylis, F., Ram N, & Reid L. Evaluating UNESCO document "Elaboration of the declaration on universal norms on bioethics: fourth outline of a text" in a Canadian context [Canadian Commission for UNESCO]. Ottawa: Health Canada, December 2004-January 2005
  • Baylis, F. Assisted human reproduction: Pre-implantation genetic diagnosis, cloning, stem cells and human rights. Ottawa: Department of Justice, Human Rights Law Section, February-March 2004.
  • Downie, J., Baylis, F., Gibson, E., & Hadskis, M. Rules for human DNA banks: A Canadian and international comparative analysis. Ottawa: Health Canada, October 2003
  • Baylis, F., Ireland, A., Kaufman, D., & Weijer, C. Protecting human research subjects: Case-based learning for Canadian research ethics boards and researchers. Ottawa: National Council on Ethics in Human Research, November 2000.
  • Baylis, F. & Ginn, D. Ethical and legal issues relating to post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) for possible non-occupational exposure to HIV. Ottawa: HIV/AIDS Policy Coordination and Program Division, Health Canada and The NAMES Project/Le project de Noms, September 1998.
  • Downie, J. & Baylis, F. Tri-council policy statement on ethical conduct for research involving humans: A review of the requirements with respect to research involving women and other systematically disadvantaged groups. Ottawa: Women's Health Bureau, Health Canada, January 1998.
  • Baylis, F. Joint policy statement: Ethical issues in assisted reproduction.Ottawa: Society of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists of Canada and Canadian Fertility and Andrology Society. Journal of SOGC 1999, 21: nos 1-5. November 1997.
  • Baylis, F. Assisted reproductive technologies: Informed choice. Ottawa: Royal Commission on New Reproductive Technologies.1991-1992

RESEARCH BRIEFS / EXPERT TESTIMONY

  1. Administrative Review of Assisted Human Reproduction Canada. Standing Committee on Health. Oral Presentation. Ottawa, November 16, 2010.
  2. Study on Canada’s Pandemic Preparedness. Standing Senate Committee on Social Affairs, Science and Technology. Oral Presentation. Ottawa, October 27, 2010.
  3. Revised Draft 2nd Edition Tri-Council Policy Statement. Several written reports on proposed revisions. January 15, 2010; February 15, 2010; February 25, 2010.
  4. Draft 2nd Edition Tri-Council Policy Statement. Several written reports on proposed revisions. March 6, 2009; March 31, 2009
  5. Report of the Working Group of IBC on Human Cloning and International GovernanceSHS/EST/CIB-15/08/CONF.502/2. Written report (with Robin Pierce) for the Canadian Commission for UNESCO, Sectoral Commission, Natural, Social and Human Sciences, 15 October 2008.
  6. Assisted Human Reproduction (Section 8 Consent) Regulations. Government of Canada, Senate Committee on Social Affairs, Science and Technology. Oral Presentation. Ottawa, January 31, 2007.
  7. Assisted Human Reproduction (Section 8 Consent) Regulations. Government of Canada, Standing Committee on Health. Oral Presentation. Ottawa, December 12, 2006.
  8. Yeung et al. v. Capital District Health Authority et al. Supreme Court of Nova Scotia. Affidavit and Oral Expert Testimony. Halifax, November 16, 2006.
  9. The Regulation of Assisted Human Reproductive Technologies and Related Research: A Public Health, Safety and Morality Argument. Written Expert Testimony for the federal government of Canada in the matter of Attorney General of Quebec v. Attorney General of Canada. Province of Quebec Court of Appeal. No. 500-09-015177-041 C.A. August 2006.
  10. Evaluating UNESCO Document “Elaboration of the Declaration on Universal Norms on Bioethics: Fourth Outline of a Text” in a Canadian context, Canadian Commission for UNESCO. Oral Presentation. Ottawa, February 7, 2005.
  11. Bill C-6 An Act respecting assisted human reproduction and related research. Government of Canada, Senate Committee on Social Affairs, Science and Technology. Oral Presentation. Ottawa, February 26, 2004.
  12. Bill C-13 and Stem Cell Research: Embryos, Clones and Chimaeras. Friendship Group of Parliamentarians for UNESCO. Oral Presentation. Ottawa, February 5, 2003.
  13. Bill C-13 An Act respecting assisted human reproduction. Government of Canada, Standing Committee on Health. Oral Presentation. Ottawa, November 19, 2002.
  14. Pluripotent Stem Cell Research: The Ethical Issues. "Breakfast on the Hill" for parliamentarians and senators sponsored by the Humanities and Social Sciences Federation. Oral Presentation. Ottawa, October 18, 2001.
  15. Assisted Human Reproduction. Government of Canada, Standing Committee on Health. Oral Presentation. Ottawa, May 31, 2001.
  16. Sawatzky v. Riverview Health Centre. Expert witness: Two written reports submitted. “Deciding for Others” and “The Futility Debate.” March 17, 1999.
  17. Research Involving Human Embryonic Material: Ethical Considerations. National Bioethics Advisory Commission (NBAC). Oral Presentation. Washington, D.C., January 19, 1999.
  18. Tri-Council Working Group. Code of Ethical Conduct for Research Involving Humans. Oral and Written Presentations. Toronto, February 26, 1997.

PUBLICATIONS