Principal Natural Hazards California

Block 5 ES 9 b, c, d

Principal natural hazards California

Society and California’s fresh water

Analyze geologic hazard maps of California: ID evidence of

events past and predict geologic changes

To be accepted for grading it must be in order and signed

Please go through the paper work with your student.

Parent/Guardian: Print______

Sign______Date______

Content Objective

Understand the principal natural hazards in different California regions and the geologic basis of those hazards.

Explain the importance of water to society, the origins of California’s fresh water, and the relationship between supply and need. Describe how to analyze published geologic hazard maps of California and know how to use the map’s information to identify evidence of geologic events of the past and predict geologic changes in the future.

Language Objective

Understand how Fault zones can be used in a sentence to describe an area of active Earthquakes. Explain how water is needed in society by use of aqueducts to move the water and reservoirs to hold the water. Don’t forget about the cleaning or purification of the water. Be able to explore your environment and make informed decisions on geological hazards near your home or business.

Standards

9. The geology of California underlies the state’s wealth of natural resources as well as its natural hazards. As a basis for understanding this concept:

ES 9. b. Students know the principal natural hazards in different California regions and the geologic basis of those hazards.

California is subject to a variety of natural hazards. Active fault zones generate earthquakes, such as those of the San Andreas Fault system. Uplifted areas with weak underlying rocks and sediments are prone to landslides, and the California Cascade Mountains contain both active and dormant volcanoes. The erosion of coastal cliffs is expected, caused in part by the energy of waves eroding them at their bases. When earthquakes occur along the Pacific Rim, seismic sea waves, or tsunamis, may be generated.

ES 9. c. Students know the importance of water to society, the origins of California’s fresh water, and the relationship between supply and need.

Water is especially important in California because its economy is based on agriculture and industry, both of which require large quantities of water. California is blessed with an abundance of fresh water, which is supplied by precipitation and collected from the melting of the snowpack in watersheds located in the Sierra Nevada and in other mountain ranges. This process ensures a slow runoff of water following the winter rains and snowfall. But the water is not distributed evenly. Northern California receives most of the rain and snowfall, and southern California is arid to semiarid. The natural distribution of water is adjusted through engineered projects that transport water in canals from the northern to the southern part of the State.

ES 9 d Students know how to analyze published geologic hazard maps of California and know how to use the map’s information to identify evidence of geologic events of the past and predict geologic changes in the future.

Students who learn to read and analyze published geological hazard maps will be able to make better personal decisions about the safety of business and residential locations. They will also be able to make intelligent voting decisions relative to public land use and remediation of hazards.

County governments have agencies that dispense information about resources and hazards, often related to issuing permits and collecting taxes. The California Division of Mines and Geology is a state-level resource. Federal agencies that supply useful information about California resources and hazards are the U.S. Geological Survey, the Federal Emergency Management Agency, and the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers.

Warm-up 10-8 odd 10/9 even

Describe picture(s) with a phrase or two.

Critical thinking

Explain how mountain uplift can leave an area

vulnerable to erosion problems.

Wrap-up

Our position along the Pacific Rim makes us

Vulnerable to Earthquakes, Shoreline erosion,

Tsunamis, Volcanoes and more

Describe how being along the Subduction zone of

the Pacific and North American

plates causes a source of major Hazards.

Warm-up: 10/10 odd 10/11 even

Describe several (minimum 3) uses for Water.

Critical thinking

The Sierra Mountain Range is a major source for freshwater

for California. How does the mountain snow fall become drinking

water hundreds of miles away from the source?

Wrap up

Give two ways each on how water flow can or is being controlled:

At your home

Parent/Guardians work

At school

Warm-up 10/12 odd 10/15 even

This is a map of fire hazards, brighter color are more danger

The importance of knowing where you live relative to

Fire danger is …

Critical thinking

Besides the mess,

why is this not good for the people, animals, land and water

of the area?

Wrap-up

How is it beneficial to understand the amount

of rainfall and rain evaporation in a region

of California?

Warm-up

Explain the three disasters.

Landslides are ….

The Volcanic eruption is ….

Fault lines crack ground…

Critical Thinking

Describe Earthquake-Proof versus Earthquake Retro-fit. (Retro-fit means rebuild stronger)

Wrap-up

Describe how a mountain can be uplifted? And destroyed?

Semester1 Block 5 Vocabulary

1.  Geology – is the science comprising of the study of solid Earth and the processes by which it evolves. Also, provides primary evidence for plate tectonics, the history of life and evolution, and past climates.

2.  Natural resources- occur naturally within environments that exist relatively undisturbed by mankind, in a natural form. A natural resource is often characterized by amounts of biodiversity and geo-diversity existent in various ecosystems.

3.  Natural hazards- are a threat of a naturally occurring event that will have a negative effect on people or the environment. Many natural hazards are interrelated, e.g. earthquakes can cause tsunamis and drought can lead directly to famine.

4.  Principal natural hazard-Earthquake, flood, volcanic eruption tsunami

5.  Fault zones - is the surface trace of a fault, the line of intersection between the fault plane and the Earth's surface

6.  Earthquakes- is the result of a sudden release of energy in the Earth's crust that creates seismic waves.

7.  San Andreas Fault - is a continental transform fault that runs a length of roughly 810 miles (1,300 km) through California

8.  Uplift - is a geological process most often caused by plate tectonics which increases elevation. The opposite of uplift is subsidence, which results in a decrease in elevation. Uplift may be Orogenic, is the result of tectonic-plate collisions and results in mountain ranges or a more modest. Uplift may be Isostatic includes the gradual uplift following rapid erosional removal of material from a mountain range.

9.  Landslides - includes a wide range of ground movement, such as rock falls, deep failure of slopes and shallow debris flows, which can occur in offshore, coastal and onshore environments.

10.  California Cascade Mountains - is a major mountain range of western North America, extending from southern British Columbia through Washington and Oregon to Northern California. It includes both non-volcanic mountains, such as the North Cascades, and the notable volcanoes known as the High Cascades.

11.  Active Extinct and dormant volcanoes- those that erupt regularly called active, those that have erupted in historical times but are now quiet called dormant, and those that have not erupted in historical times called extinct.

12.  Erosion - is the process by which material is removed from a region of the Earth's surface. It can occur by weathering and transport of solids (sediment, soil, rock and other particles) in the natural environment, and leads to the deposition of these materials elsewhere.

13.  Pacific Rim - refers to places around the edge of the Pacific Ocean. The term "Pacific Basin" includes the Pacific Rim and islands in the Pacific Ocean. The Pacific Rim roughly overlaps with the geologic Pacific Ring of Fire.

14.  Tsunamis - is a series of water waves caused by the displacement of a large volume of a body of water, usually an ocean, though it can occur in large lakes. Owing to the immense volumes of water and the high energy involved, tsunamis can devastate coastal regions.

15.  Water- is a chemical substance with the chemical formula H2O. Its molecule contains one oxygen and two hydrogen atoms connected by covalent bonds.

16.  Agriculture- is the cultivation of animals, plants, fungi and other life forms for food, fiber, and other products used to sustain life.

17.  Industry- refers to the production of an economic good or service within an economy

18.  Abundance- is an ecological concept referring to the relative representation of a species in a particular ecosystem. It is usually measured as the large number of individuals found per sample.

19.  Precipitation- is any product of the condensation of atmospheric water vapor that falls under gravity.[1] The main forms of precipitation include drizzle, rain, sleet, snow, graupel and hail.

20.  Snowpack- forms from layers of snow that accumulate in geographic regions and high altitudes where the climate includes cold weather for extended periods during the year

21.  Watersheds- the line between drainage basins – shedding is an old term for splitting or dividing, so it is the line which divides the water (however in North America "watershed" has come to mean the drainage basin itself);

22.  Sierra Nevada mountain range- is a mountain range in the U.S. states of California and Nevada, between the California Central Valley and the Basin and Range Province. The Sierra runs 400 miles (640km) north-to-south, and is approximately 70 miles (110km) across east-to-west. Notable Sierra features include Lake Tahoe, the largest alpine lake in North America; Mount Whitney at 14,505 feet (4,421 m),[2] the highest point in the contiguous United States; and Yosemite Valley sculpted by glaciers out of 100-million-year-old granite.

23.  Runoff- is the water flow that occurs when soil is infiltrated to full capacity and excess water from rain, melt-water, or other sources flows over the land. This is a major component of the water cycle.

24.  Arid- characterized by a severe lack of available water, to the extent of hindering or even preventing the growth and development of plant and animal life

25.  Canals- are man-made channels for water used for the transportation of goods and people and fresh water.

26.  Public Land Survey System (PLSS)- is a method used in the United States to survey and identify land parcels, particularly for titles and deeds of rural, wild or undeveloped land Remediation of hazards

27.  County governments- generally acts within powers delegated to it by legislation or directives of the higher level of government and each country has some kind of local government which will differ from those of other countries

28.  Issuing permits- a procedure that allows for building, construction, renovation to take place legally

29.  Collecting taxes-gathering unpaid taxes on property and/or products, such as property tax for homes

30.  The California Division of Mines and Geology - to provide scientific products and services about the state's geology, seismology and mineral resources that affect the health, safety, and business interests of the people of California.

31.  U.S. Geological Survey-agency that provides information and help on a variety of items including Climate and Land Use Change, Core Science Systems, Ecosystems, Energy and Minerals, and Environmental Health, Natural Hazards and Water

32.  Federal Emergency Management Agency- is a federal agency that supports the citizen and first responders to ensure that as a nation we work together to build, sustain, and improve our capabilities to prepare for, protect against, respond to, recover from, and mitigate all hazards

33.  U.S. Army Corps of Engineers- is a federal agency and a major Army command made up of some 38,000 civilian and military personnel, making it the world's largest public engineering, design and construction management agency.

California Geological Survey - Hazardous Minerals

California’s Water https://docs.google.com/viewer?a=v&pid=sites&srcid=Y2xvdmlzdXNkLmsxMi5jYS51c3xlbmRsZXItcy1jbGFzc3Jvb218Z3g6MmU1ZDViZGM1MjU2NzQyMQ