HPT001.012
Revision 3
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NUCLEAR TRAINING
TRAINING MATERIALS COVERSHEET
Please TAB to gray areas
RADIOLOGICAL PROTECTION TECHNICIAN INITIAL TRAININGPROGRAM
RADIOLOGICAL CONTROL HPT001
COURSE
personnel monitoring / COURSE NO.
HPT001.012
LESSON TITLE / LESSON PLAN NO.
INPO ACCREDITED / YES / X / NO
MULTIPLE SITES AFFECTED / YES / X / NO
PREPARED BY
Ralph G. Wallace/Brian K. Fike / ------
Signature / Date
PROCESS REVIEW
David L. Stewart / ------
Signature / Date
LEAD INSTRUCTOR/PROGRAM MGR. REVIEW
R. L. Coleman / ------
Signature / Date
PLANT CONCURRENCE / ------
Signature / Date
TVAN CONCURRENCE (If applicable) / ------
Signature / Date
BFN SQN WBN CORP
Receipt Inspection and Distribution:
Training Materials Coordinator / / Date
Standardized Training Material
Copies to:
TVA 40385 [NP 6-2003] Page 1 of 2
REVISION/USAGE LOG
REVISION
NUMBER / DESCRIPTION
OF CHANGES / DATE / PAGES
AFFECTED / REVIEWED BY
0 / Initial Issue. / ALL
1 / Program was inactive. / 03/12/90 / ALL
Reviewed and revised to reac- / 1 - 4, 14
tivate
2 / General revision to enable lesson / 01/01/94 / ALL / Amy E. Burzese
plan to be used as initial training
and continuing training and to
incorporate 10CFR20 changes.
3 / General revision to update materials during program / 2004 / ALL / Ralph G. Wallace/ Brian K. Fike
re-activation.
TVA 40385 [NP 6-2003] Page 2 of 2
I. PROGRAM: Radiological Protection Technician Initial Training
II. COURSE: Fundamentals Training
III. LESSON TITLE: Personnel Monitoring
IV. LENGTH OF LESSON/COURSE: 8 Hours
V. TRAINING OBJECTIVES:
A. Terminal Objective
Upon completion of this course, the participants will demonstrate their knowledge and understanding of the information presented during RADCON Technician training by obtaining a score of greater than or equal to 80% on a written examination. The information presented in this lesson plan may be part of an overall exam or be the only information for which the student is examined.
B. Enabling Objectives
Standards and conditions apply to all enabling objectives. They include under the examination ground rules, without the use of training materials or outside assistance and utilizing information presented in this lesson plan. Upon completion of this each participant will be able to:
1. Identify and describe the significant terms applicable to personnel monitoring.
2. Know and be able to apply the regulatory and TVA administrative dose limits and describe the methods and equipment used in TVA to determine doses from various types of radiation.
3. Identify the types of radiation monitoring devices used in the monitoring for:
a. External radioactivity
b. Internal radioactivity
c. Contamination
And describe the conditions under which they are used.
4. Describe the principles of operation and characteristics of the types of dosimetry used at TVA, including:
a. TLDs
b. Electronic dosimeters
c. Pocket ion chambers
5. Explain TVA’s administrative controls over the issue, use and control of dosimeters.
6. Explain the requirements for the use of multiple and extremity dosimeters.
7. Describe the types of dosimetry required for various work situations.
8. Describe actions to be taken in the event of abnormal situations, such as:
a. Discrepancies in dosimetry readings
b. Lost dosimeters
c. Off-scale dosimeter readings
d. Exposures in excess of TVA administrative limits
e. Skin contamination.
9. Identify the basic concepts of internal dosimetry and internal dose calculations, including:
a. Exposure pathways;
b. Methods to reduce internal exposures; and
c. Processes for elimination of internal radioactivity.
10. Identify the primary radionuclides of concern for the assessment of internal exposures, including their sources and pathways.
11. Describe the biological effects and risks associated with exposure to ionizing radiation.
12. Identify the methods used to estimate doses from inhalation or ingestion of radioactive materials and explain and be able to apply or determine the following:
a. Annual Limit on Intake (ALI).
b. Committed Dose Equivalent (CDE).
c. Committed Effective Dose Equivalent (CEDE).
d. Total Effective Dose Equivalent (TEDE).
e. Total Organ Dose Equivalent.
f. Derived Air Concentration (DAC).
g. Derived Air Concentration-hours (DAC-hours)
h. Shallow (skin) Dose Equivalent (SDE)
I Deep Dose Equivalent (DDE)
13. Describe the means for assessing the uptake of radioactivity (bioassay) and the required frequency for performing bioassay.
14. Describe TVA’s exposure tracking and reporting system.
Note: Conditions and Standards for enabling objectives unless otherwise specified are implied. Conditions are “as presented in the lesson plans, with the use of reference material as directed by the instructor” and Standards are “as evaluated by written examination.”
VI. TRAINING AIDS:
A. Dry marking board and pens
B. Overhead projector and networked computer
C. Thermoluminescent Dosimeter and Crystals
D. Extremity TLD
E. Pocket Chamber
F. Electronic Dosimeter
VII. TRAINING MATERIALS:
A. Appendices
1. Handouts:
a. HO-1 – Attachment 1, Transparencies
b. HO-2 - Enabling Objectives
c. HO-3 - Terms and Definitions
d. HO-4 - Administrative Dose Level Program
e. HO-5 - Dosimetry Investigating Report Guidelines
f. HO-6 - Representative Radionuclides of Concern
g. HO-7 - Radionuclides in Dry Compressed Waste
h. HO-8 - 10CFR20 Appendix B (Extract)
i. HO-9 - WBC MDA Critical Values
j. HO-10 - Guidelines for Conducting Follow-Up Bioassay Analyses
k. HO-11 - Organ Dose Weighting Factors
l. HO-12 - Attachment 2, NRC Form 4, Cumulative Occupational Dose History
o. HO-13 - Attachment 3, NRC Form 5, Occupational Dose Record for a Monitoring Period
B. Attachments
1. Transparencies: PowerPointÔ slide show stored at P/Training/Technical Programs and Services/Radcon/Initial Program/Lesson Plan Library/HPT001.012 Personnel Monitoring\HPT001.0112r3.ppt.
a. TP-1 - Lesson Title
b. TP-2 - Course Overview
c. TP-3 - Enabling Objectives 1
d. TP-4 - Enabling Objectives 2
e. TP-5 - Units of Radiation Dose, Absorbed
f. TP-6 - Units of Radiation Dose, Dose Equivalent
g. TP-7 - Quality Factors
h. TP-8 - Personnel Monitoring Required by 10CFR20.1501
i. TP-9 - Purposes for Monitoring
j. TP-10 - Conditions Requiring External Monitoring
k. TP-11 - Conditions Requiring Monitoring for Internal Exposures
l. TP-12 - Exposure Limits and Guidelines
m. TP-13 - Planned Special Exposures
n. TP-14 - Emergency Dose Limits
o. TP-15 - Exposure to Pregnant Women
p. TP-16 - Modes of Exposure
q. TP-17 - External Monitoring
r. TP-18 - Thermoluminescence
s. TP-19 - Electron Trapping
t. TP-20 - TLDs
u. TP-21 - Li2B4O7:Cu TLDs
v. TP-22 - Lithium Borate Response Curves
w. TP-23 - CaSO4:Tm TLDs
x. TP-24 - Calcium Sulfate Response Curves
y. TP-25 - Limitations of Both Types
z. TP-26 - Panasonic TLDs
aa. TP-27 - Thermoluminescent Dosimeter
bb. TP-28 - TLD Badge Assembly
cc. TP-29 - TLD Badge
dd. TP-30 - Panasonic 802 TLD
ee. TP-31 - Measuring Neutrons with TLDs
ff. TP-32 - Panasonic 802 TLD
gg. TP-33 - Reading Panasonic TLDs
hh. TP-34 - System Calibration
ii. TP-35 - System QC & QA
jj. TP-36 - Badge Issue and Collection
kk. TP-37 - Special Pulls
ll. TP-38 - Wearing TLDs
mm. TP-39 - Photo – Proper Wearing of Dosimeters
nn. TP-40 - Multiple Badging
oo. TP-41 - Multi-Badging Placement
pp. TP-42 - Extremity Badges
qq. TP-43 - Photo – Extremity Badge
rr. TP-44 - Photo – Wearing Extremity Badges
ss. TP-45 - Secondary Dosimetry
tt. TP-46 - Electronic Dosimeter (ED)
uu. TP-47 - Electronic Dosimeter Display
vv. TP-48 - Pocket Chamber
ww. TP-49 - Pocket Chamber Diagram
xx. TP-50 - Dosimetry Requirements for Work Areas – 1
xx. TP-51 - Dosimetry Requirements for Work Areas – 2
zz. TP-52 - Dosimeter Discrepancies
aaa. TP-53 - Internal Exposure Pathways
bbb. TP-54 - Reducing Internal Exposures
ccc. TP-55 - Elimination of Internal Radioactivity
ddd. TP-56 - Potential Health Effects and Risks
eee. TP-57 - Naturally Occurring Radioactive Materials
fff. TP-58 - Potential Health Effects
ggg. TP-59 - Other Influences
hhh. TP-60 - Internal Exposure Terms – 1
iii. TP-61 - Internal Exposure Terms – 2
jjj. TP-62 - Sample Problem # 1
kkk. TP-63 - Internal Exposure Terms – 3
lll. TP-64 - Relationship Between DAC and ALI
mmm. TP-65 - Internal Exposure Terms # 4
nnn. TP-66 - Sample Problem # 2
ooo. TP-67 - Sample Problem # 3
ppp. TP-68 - Relationship of DAC-h and ALI
qqq. TP-69 - Sample Problem # 4
rrr. TP-70 - Sample Problem # 4, Knowns
sss. TP-71 - Sample Problem # 4, Solution with Respirator
ttt. TP-72 - Sample Problem # 4, Solution with No Respirator
uuu. TP-73 - Sample Problem # 4, Conclusion
vvv. TP-74 - Measuring Internal Radioactivity (Bioassay)
www. TP-75 - Compliance
xxx. TP-76 - Internal Dose Monitoring
yyy. TP-77 - Bioassay Requirements
zzz. TP-78 - Whole Body Counting (In-Vivo Bioassay)
aaaa. TP-79 - Photo – Chair WBC
bbbb. TP-80 - Photo – Booth WBC
cccc. TP-81 - Multi-Channel Analyzer
dddd. TP-82 - WBC Measurement Quality Assurance
eeee. TP-83 - Actions Taken for Positive Results – 1
ffff. TP-84 - Actions Taken for Positive Results – 2
gggg. TP-85 - In-Vitro Bioassay
hhhh. TP-86 - In-Vitro Bioassay Results
iiii. TP-87 - Required Actions: Results >/= 0.01 ALI or
20 DAC-h
jjjj. TP-88 - Dose Terms and Calculations
kkkk. TP-89 - CEDE From CDE
llll. TP-90 - CEDE From Nuclide Intake and ALI
mmmm. TP-91 - CEDE From Airborne Concentration and DAC
nnnn. TP-92 - CEDE From Nuclide Intake and Dose Conversion Coefficient (RADCON computer system methodology)
oooo. TP-93 - Committed Dose Equivalent (CDE)
pppp. TP-94 - Federal Guidance Report # 11
qqqq. TP-95 - CDE From Intake and ALI
rrrr. TP-96 - CDE From Airborne Concentration and DAC
ssss. TP-97 - CDE From Intake and Dose Conversion Coefficient (RADCON computer system methodology)
tttt. TP-98 - Dose to Embryo/Fetus – 1
uuuu. TP-99 - Dose to Embryo/Fetus – 2
vvvv. TP-100 - Doses From Contamination
wwww.TP-101 - Contamination Dose Calculations Required for:
xxxx. TP-102 - Activity-Hour Concentration
yyyy. TP-103 - Shallow (Skin) Dose Equivalent (SDE)
zzzz. TP-104 - Deep Dose Equivalent (DDE)
aaaaa. TP-105 - Doses From Hot Particles
bbbbb. TP-106 - Total Organ Dose Equivalent (TODE)
ccccc. TP-107 - Total Effective Dose Equivalent (TEDE)
ddddd. TP-108 - Dose Tracking and Reports
eeeee. TP-109 - Summary – 1
fffff. TP-110 - Summary – 2
ggggg. TP-111 - Summary – 3
2. NRC Form 4, Cumulative Occupational Dose History
3. NRC Form 5, Occupational Dose Record for a Monitoring Period
VIII. REFERENCES:
A. Basic Radiation Protection Technology, 2nd Edition, Daniel A. Gollnick, Pacific Radiation Corporation, Altadena, CA, 1988.
B. Radiation Protection, Jacob Shapiro, Harvard University Press; Massachusetts, 1981.
C. Radiological Health Handbook, U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Public Health Service, Rockville, MD, 1970.
D. The Health Physics and Radiological Health Handbook, Nucleon Lectern Associates, 1984.
E. The Health Physics and Radiological Health Handbook, Bernard Shleien, Editor, Scinta, Inc., Silver Spring, MD, 1992.
F. Environmental Radiation, 2nd Edition, Merril Eisenbud, Academic Press, New York, 1973.
G. NUREG/CR-3332, ORNL-5968, Radiological Assessment, John E. Till and H. Robert Meyer, Editors, U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission, Washington, 1983.
H. ICRP Publication 2, Report of Committee II on Permissible Dose for Internal Radiation, Pergamon Press, New York, 1959.
I. NCRP Report No. 39, Basic Radiation Protection Criteria, National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements, Washington, DC, 1971.
J. NCRP Report No. 94, Exposure of the Population in the United States and Canada from Natural Background Radiation, National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements, Bethesda, MD, 1987
K. ICRP Publication 10, Evaluation of Radiation Doses to Body Tissues from Internal Contamination due to Occupational Exposure, Pergamon Press, New York, 1967.
L. Code of Federal Regulations, Title 10, Part 20, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, 2003.
M. www.panasonic.com/industrial/other_components_radiation_measurement_
dosimeter.htm.
N. wwwrses.anu.edu.au/environment/eePages/eeDating/Dating_Page.html.
O. www.nrc.gov/reading-rm/doc-collections/fact-sheets/bio-effects-radiation.html.
P. www.uic.com.au/ral.htm.
Q. www.nrc.gov/what-we-do/radiation/affect.html.
R. www.panasonic.com/industrial/other/pdf/ud-710.pdf.
S. www.uvm.edu/~radsafe/newsletter/bioeffect.47.html.
T. INPO ACAD 93-008, Guidelines for Training and Qualification of Radiological Protection Technicians, August 1993.
U. Fundamentals of Radiation Protection, General Physics Corp. U.S., 1979.
V. OE13726, Contamination Found on New Employee During In-Coming Whole Body Count, Vermont Yankee Nuclear Power, April 24, 2002.
W. OE14697, DMC-2000 EPD Dose Rate Alarm Caused by Induced Oscillation from New RCA Turnstile System, Palo Verde Unit 1, September 10, 2002.
X. OE15549, Missing TLD Posphor Insert Events, Ginna, January 15, 2003.
Y. OE15663, Individual Fails to Immediately Exit Area When Dose Rate Alarm Received, Perry Nuclear Power Plant, January 24, 2003.
Z. OE15709, Wrench With Fixed Radioactive Contamination Found in a Non-Radiologically Controlled Area, LaSalle Units 1 & 2, January 23, 2003.
AA. Web sites of potential interest.
1. www.ab.ust.hk/sepo/tips/rp/rp002.html.
2. www.triumf.ca/safety/rpt/rpt.html.
3. www.nukeworker.com.
4. www.jlab.org/div_dept/train/rad_guide/index.html.
5. www.epa.gov/radiation.
6. www.radiation.org.uk.
7. www.nrc.gov/reading-rm/doc-collection/fact-sheets.html.
8. www.uwm.edu/Dept/EHSRM/RAD.html.
9. www.physics.isu.edu/radinf.html.
IX. INTRODUCTION:The development and application of effective monitoring methods are of basic importance to any radiation protection program. Decisions are required on the need for monitoring the individual and for surveying the methods to be used. The frequency of monitoring and the methods adopted depend on many factors. The most important of these are the type of radiation, the mode of radiation exposure, the level of radiation exposure relative to applicable permissible limits, and the extent to which reliance is placed on physical or procedural controls in achieving protection. / TP-1
Lesson Title
TP-2
Course Overview
Handout #-1
Enabling Objectives
TP-3
Objectives 1
TP-4
Objectives 2