The answers:

  1. all individuals of interest
  2. individuals actually studied
  3. only a sample & might be a bad sample & people might not remember
  4. can’t tell
  5. most likely not
  6. 500
  7. 1
  8. total area
  9. experiment, model, guess
  10. no
  11. toss it many times
  12. unpredictable
  13. predictable
  14. no
  15. no
  16. remarkable ones
  17. no idea
  18. xp(x)
  19. the mean
  20. one
  21. the variance
  22. how far a piece of data is from the mean
  23. on average how far the data is from the mean
  24. yes
  25. the squares of how far the data are from the mean
  26. how the data is spread out
  27. the center of the data
  28. the square root of the average of the squares of how far the data are from the mean
  29. 1
  30. 0
  31. 1
  32. horizontal distance from the top to where the slope is getting less steep instead of steeper
  33. about 68%
  34. about 95%
  35. about 99.7%
  36. can’t say anything
  37. at least 75%
  38. at least 88.8%
  39. normal
  40. 0
  41. 1
  42. number that describes the population
  43. number that describes a sample
  44. statistic
  45. s
  46. s
  47. large
  48. luck and large sample size
  49. luck
  50. large sample size
  51. not much
  52. normal
  53. gets closer to normal, Central Limit Theorem
  54. A, standard deviation, less
  55. highs and lows tend to cancel out
  56. standard deviation of all the data in the population, the standard deviation of all the sample means of a certain sample size, the standard deviation of one sample
  57. and , the other one is less
  58. how many standard deviations from the mean
  59. how many games were both wins and at home
  60. how many games were at home
  61. divide by total
  62. F
  63. F
  64. B has no affect on the chances of A
  65. independent
  66. P(X)
  67. multiple how many choices at each step
  68. (42)(41)(40)(39)(38)(37) 6! (42)(41)(40)(39)(38)(37)/6!
  69. multiplying in a tree diagram & lottery formula
  70. 5.5 to 6.5
  71. number of failures
  72. how many ways you can get k successes in n trials
  73. average number of failures
  74. anecdotes
  75. all the data
  76. looking at all the data about child and leukemia and power lines instead of news interview of one mother with child with leukemia that happens to live near a power a line
  77. a variable that affects the variables you are interested in but is not mentioned
  78. child in soccer have higher school scores, but a LV is how much the parents want their kids to succeed, if they want there kids to succeed a lot then they will be more likely to put them in soccer and also do things such as to encourage them to study
  79. yes
  80. yes
  81. no
  82. no
  83. assume the data are the midpoints of the ranges given
  84. the under 25 has a lot more drivers
  85. the y-axis does not start at 0 & who decided what the set list of groceries is
  86. to understand the data
  87. no, definition of child abuse could be different
  88. mostly the best students in North Dakota take the SAT while in New Jersey a much higher percent take the SAT
  89. there are many more drivers not drinking so they could easily have more accidents

100. no

101. Buchanan

102. a higher percent take the SAT in Colorado

103. the Southern states would be towards the bottom

104 the Southern states are mixed in well with the other states

105. r

106.

107. sum of the squares of the vertical distances from the points to the line

108. nothing

109. different result

110. nothing

111. r uses standardized values

112. 1.43

113. -1 and 1

114. smaller + - -

115. no

116. linear

117. exponential & quadratic & logistic

118. yes

119. yes

120. r

121. % of the difference in y explained by the regression line on x

122. yes

123. no

124. no

125. no

126. extrapolation

127. B

128. A

129. no

130. ice cream sales & sunburns

131. lurking variable – how much the parents want their kids to succeed

132. BMI between mothers and daughters, genetic and environmental

133. Gun control laws & violent crime levels

134. yes

135. a gene that both made people addicted to nicotine and gave them lung tumors

136. the gene would have appeared coincidentally later in women(who started smoking) than men

137. how motivated a person is

138. no

139. yes

140. scatterplot of degree days and gas used to heat a house but half way through the collection of data solar panels were installed and reduced the gas bills

141. A

142. about right

143. less reliable

144. two-way table

145. a relationship that holds in each subcategory but reverses when all the data is combined

146. helicopters vs road for accident victims, helicopters do better in serious and less serious cases, but when combined the road did better

147. observational study

148. experiment

149. experiment

150. heart attacks in menopausal women with hormone replacement therapy

151. no

152. how much the women cared about their health

153. smoking, diet, wealth (wine drinkers tend to smoke less, have a better diet, and be wealthier affording better health care)

154. experiment

155. get 10 nice roses no

156. against tuff looking people, in favor of retired people, in favor of teenagers

157. F

158. ignorance & agenda

159. no

160. Ann Landers asking her readers to write in about whether they wish they didn’t have children

161. bias in favor of their points of view

162. liberal groups ambushed it

163. random

164. rarely

165. no

166. yes

167. survey by phone – people without phones are not covered

168. survey in which not all surveys are completed

169. the people not responding or not covered may be different in important ways

170. no no no in favor of the stadium no

171. yes

172. do you think we are spending too much on “welfare” vs “help for the poor”

173. do you use illegal drugs?

174. have you been to the dentist in the last 6 months?

175. a uniformed police officer asking questions about peoples’ opinion of the police department

176. has participating in our health program improved your health?

177. teacher A might be easier, students might be better in the online, luck

178. a group that gets the standard treatment

179. divide treatments at random, use a control group, use a lot of subjects

180. rarely would occur by luck

181. dummy treatment that an individual is told is the same as an actual treatment

182. remove the placebo affect, some people respond well to any treatment

183. neither the individuals nor those dealing with them directly know what treatments are given

184. doctors giving a placebo might not be as positive

185. sample size and difference

186. TV commercials with a captive audience vs how normal people watch TV

187. order of treatments might affect the results

188. helps remove the problem of one group getting better individuals by luck

189. up

190. down

191. up

192. small

193. Ha

194. no

195.

196. unknown

197.

198. type I

199. type II

200.

201. unknown

202.

203.

204. type I

205. it is true

206. the sample statistic Ho is true

207. critical values

208. table

209. test statistic

210. calculation

211. assuming Ho is true it is the chance of finding as strong or stronger evidence than we got that Ho is not true

212. right stronger true

213. less

214. small

215. no

216. no

217. decide if the lack of meeting conditions is minor or major

218. decide if the problems are minor or major

219. no

220. adults with normal vision, but using students in a psychology class

221. adults, but using students in a sociology class at a college

222. gastric freezing on ulcers

223. the gastric freezing placebo controlled

224. yes

225. remove it

226. no

227. no

228. no

229. no

230. no

231. luck

232. nothing

233. how important it is to get it right, how hard it would be to believe the result, consequences

234. no

235. go down

236. no

237. no

238. statistically practically

239. no

240. no

241. just by luck a HT will show a result that is not true

242. yes

243. the more times it is repeated the more sure you are

244. 40

245.

246. normal

247. beer

248. no

249. yes

250. 1

251. z

252. rarely

253. small

254. small differences will be statistically significant

255. Central Limit Theorem

256. round down

257. yes

258. no

259. more

260. 40

261.

262. t with 15 degrees of freedom

263. a)worse, b)better, c)better

264. Only b, c, d, f, h, i, l, m, and n are probably OK

265. Only c, d, f, h, and k are probably OK

266. shapes outliers

267. histogram or boxplot

268. histogram or boxplot

269. z

270. subtraction

271.

272. normal

273. 0

274.

275. normal

276. 0

277.

278. p’

279. p

280. p’

281. divide by n

282.n

283. p p

284.

285. normal

286. 10

287. .5 smaller

288. smaller

289. normal

290. .40

291.

292. true p’ q’

293. subtraction

294.

295.

296. where

297. 0

298.

299. normal

300. yes

301. yes

302. yes

303. no

304. no

305. 1

306. 1

307. with 24 degrees of freedom

308 division

309. F with 9 degrees of freedom on the top and 7 degrees of freedom on the bottom

310. differ a lot big

311. Ho is true

312. P(R2 & C3) R2 C3 independent R2 total / grand tot C3 total / grand tot

313. 10

314. normal populations, equal variances, independent samples, SRSs

315. source & luck

316. factor error

317. variance means

318. mean variances

319. better

320. worse

321. better

322. worse

323. data is linear, normally distributed about the line, independent data, standard deviation is the same throughout the line

324. yes

325. no

326. easier, less assumptions

327. waste info

328. median Sign Test