Gregory’s Pediatric Anesthesia

Chapter 13 - References

1. IoM Committee on the Quality of Health Care in America. Crossing the Quality Chasm – A New Health System for the 21st Century. Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2001.

2. Rutherford J, Stevenson R. Careful physical examination is essential in the preoperative assessment of children for dental extractions under general anesthesia. Paediatr Anaesth 2004; 14: 920–3.

3. Morray JP, Geiduschek JM, Caplan RA et al. A comparison of pediatric and adult anesthesia closed malpractice claims. Anesthesiology 1993; 78: 461–7.

4. Warner MA, Lunn RJ, O'Leary PW et al. Outcomes of noncardiac surgical procedures in children and adults with congenital heart disease. Mayo Perioperative Outcomes Group. Mayo Clin Proc 1998; 73: 728–34.

5. Tiret L, Nivoche Y, Hatton F et al. Complications related to anaesthesia in infants and children. A prospective survey of 40240 anaesthetics. Br J Anaesth 1988; 61: 263–9.

6. Tay CL, Tan GM, Ng SB. Critical incidents in paediatric anaesthesia: an audit of 10 000 anaesthetics in Singapore. Paediatr Anaesth 2001; 11: 711–18.

7. Cohen MM, Cameron CB, Duncan PG. Pediatric anesthesia morbidity and mortality in the perioperative period. Anesth Analg 1990; 70: 160–7.

8. Bordet F, Allaouchiche B, Lansiaux S et al. Risk factors for airway complications during general anaesthesia in paediatric patients. Paediatr Anaesth 2002; 12: 762–9.

9. Mamie C, Habre W, Delhumeau C, Argiroffo CB, Morabla A. Incidence and risk factors of perioperative respiratory adverse events in children undergoing elective surgery. Paediatr Anaesth 2004; 14: 218–24.

10. Schreiner MS, O'Hara I, Markakis DA, Politis GD. Do children who experience laryngospasm have an increased risk of upper respiratory tract infection? Anesthesiology 1996; 85: 475–80.

11. Bharti N, Batra YK, Kaur H. Paediatric perioperative cardiac arrest and its mortality: database of a 60-month period from a tertiary care paediatric centre. Eur J Anaesthesiol 2009; 26: 490–5.

12. Aleksic V, Radulovic D, Milakovic B et al. A retrospective analysis of anesthesiologic complications in pediatric neurosurgery. Paediatr Anaesth 2009; 19: 879–86.

13. Aplin S, Baines D, DE Lima J. Use of the ASA Physical Status Grading System in pediatric practice. Paediatr Anaesth 2007; 17: 216–22.

14. Olsson GL, Hallen B. Laryngospasm during anaesthesia. A computer-aided incidence study in 136,929 patients. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 1984; 28: 567–75.

15. Tait AR, Malviya S, Voepel-Lewis T, Munro HM, Selwert M, Pandit UA. Risk factors for perioperative adverse respiratory events in children with upper respiratory tract infections. Anesthesiology 2001; 95: 299–306.

16. Charuluxananan S, Suraseranivongse S, Punjasawadwong Y et al. Risk factors of intraoperative oxygen desaturation: a case-control study of 152,314 anesthetics. J Med Assoc Thai 2007; 90: 2359–65.

17. Sanders JC, King MA, Mitchell RB, Kelly JP. Perioperative complications of adenotonsillectomy in children with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. Anesth Analg 2006; 103: 1115–21.

18. Tait AR, Voepel-Lewis T, Burke C et al. Incidence and risk factors for perioperative adverse respiratory events in children who are obese. Anesthesiology 2008; 108: 375–80.

19. Setzer N, Saade E. Childhood obesity and anesthetic morbidity. Paediatr Anaesth 2007; 17: 321–6.

20. Nafiu OO, Green GE, Walton S, Morris M, Reddy S, Tremper KK. Obesity and risk of peri-operative complications in children presenting for adenotonsillectomy. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 2009; 73: 89–95.

21. Skolnick ET, Vomvolakis MA, Buck KA, Mannino SF, Sun LS. Exposure to environmental tobacco smoke and the risk of adverse respiratory events in children receiving general anesthesia. Anesthesiology 1998; 88: 1144–53.

22. Von Ungern-Sternberg BS, Boda K, Chambers NA et al. Risk assessment for respiratory complications in paediatric anaesthesia: a prospective cohort study. Lancet 2010; 376: 773–83.

23. Borland LM, Colligan J, Brandom BW. Frequency of anesthesia-related complications in children with Down syndrome under general anesthesia for noncardiac procedures. Paediatr Anaesth 2004; 14: 733–8.

24. Kain ZN, Caldwell-Andrews AA, Maranets I et al. Preoperative anxiety and emergence delirium and postoperative maladaptive behaviors. Anesth Analg 2004; 99: 1648–54.

25. Kain ZN, Mayes LC, Caldwell-Andrews AA, Karas DE, McClain BC. Preoperative anxiety, postoperative pain, and behavioral recovery in young children undergoing surgery. Pediatrics 2006; 118: 651–8.

26. Fortier MA, Chorney JM, Rony RYZ et al. Children's desire for perioperative information. Anesth Analg 2009; 109: 1085–90.

27. Kain ZN, Wang SM, Caramico LA, Hofstadter M, Mayes LC. Parental desire for perioperative information and informed consent: a two-phase study. Anesth Analg 1997; 84: 299–306.

28. Wisselo TL, Stuart C, Muris P. Providing parents with information before anaesthesia: what do they really want to know? Paediatr Anaesth 2004; 14: 299–307.

29. Spencer C, Franck LS. Giving parents written information about children's anesthesia: are setting and timing important? Paediatr Anaesth 2005; 15: 547–53.

30. Cassady JF Jr, Wysocki TT, Miller KM, Cancel DD, Izenberg N. Use of a preanesthetic video for facilitation of parental education and anxiolysis before pediatric ambulatory surgery. Anesth Analg 1999; 88: 246–50.

31. Bellew M, Atkinson KR, Dixon G, Yates A. The introduction of a paediatric anaesthesia information leaflet: an audit of its impact on parental anxiety and satisfaction. Paediatr Anaesth 2002; 12: 124–30.

32. Chan CSM, Molassiotis A. The effects of an educational programme on the anxiety and satisfaction level of parents having parent present induction and visitation in a postanaesthesia care unit. Paediatr Anaesth 2002; 12: 131–9.

33. Rice M, Glasper A, Keeton D, Spargo P. The effect of a preoperative education programme on perioperative anxiety in children: an observational study. Paediatr Anaesth 2008; 18: 426–30.

34. Ferschl MB, Tung A, Sweitzer B, Huo D, Glick DB. Preoperative clinic visits reduce operating room cancellations and delays. Anesthesiology 2005; 103: 855–9.

35. Ferrari LR. Preoperative evaluation of pediatric surgical patients with multisystem considerations. Anesth Analg 2004; 99: 1058–69.

36. Patel RI, Hannallah RS. Preoperative screening for pediatric ambulatory surgery: evaluation of a telephone questionnaire method. Anesth Analg 1992; 75: 258–61.

37. Kerridge R, Lee A, Latchford E, Beehan SJ, Hillman KM. The perioperative system: a new approach to managing elective surgery. Anaesth Intensive Care 1995; 23: 591–6.

38. Van Klei WA, Moons KG, Rutten CL et al. The effect of outpatient preoperative evaluation of hospital inpatients on cancellation of surgery and length of hospital stay. Anesth Analg 2002; 94: 644–9.

39. Wijeysundera DN, Austin PC, Beattie WS, Hux JE, Laupacis A. A population-based study of anesthesia consultation before major noncardiac surgery. Arch Intern Med 2009; 169: 595–602.

40. Klopfenstein CE, Forster A, van Gessel E. Anesthetic assessment in an outpatient consultation clinic reduces preoperative anxiety. Can J Anaesth 2000; 47: 511–15.

41. Fischer SP. Development and effectiveness of an anesthesia preoperative evaluation clinic in a teaching hospital. Anesthesiology 1996; 85: 196–206.

42. Wittkugel EP, Varughese AM. Pediatric preoperative evaluation – a new paradigm. Int Anesthesiol Clin 2006; 44: 141–58.

43. Mangia G, Presutti P, Antonucci A. Bianco F, Bonomo R, Ferrari P. Diagnostic accuracy of anesthesiology evaluation timing: the 'One-Stop Anesthesia' in pediatric day-surgery. Paediatr Anaesth 2009; 19: 764–9.

44. Varughese AM, Byczkowski TL, Wittkugel EP, Kotagal U, Dean Kurth C. Impact of a nurse practitioner-assisted preoperative assessment program on quality. Paediatr Anaesth 2006; 16: 723–33.

45. Kain ZN, MacLaren JE, Hammell C et al. Healthcare provider-child-parent communication in the preoperative surgical setting. Paediatr Anaesth 2009; 19: 376–84.

46. Estes NA 3rd. Sudden cardiac arrest from primary electrical diseases: provoking concealed arrhythmogenic syndromes. Circulation 2005; 112: 2220–1.

47. Eberhart LHJ, Geldner G, Kranke P et al. The development and validation of a risk score to predict the probability of postoperative vomiting in pediatric patients. Anesth Analg 2004; 99: 1630–7,

48. Kranke P, Eberhart LH, Toker H, Roewer N, Wulf H, Kiefer P. A prospective evaluation of the POVOC score for the prediction of postoperative vomiting in children. Anesth Analg 2007; 105: 1592–7.

49. Siebert JN, Posfay-Barbe KM, Habre W, Siegrist CA. Influence of anesthesia on immune responses and its effect on vaccination in children: review of evidence. Paediatr Anaesth 2007; 17: 410–20.

50. Von Ungern-Sternberg BS, Habre W. Pediatric anesthesia – potential risks and their assessment: part II. Paediatr Anaesth 2007; 17: 311–20.

51. Anderson BJ, Meakin GH. Scaling for size: some implications for paediatric anaesthesia dosing. Paediatr Anaesth 2002; 12: 205–19.

52. Lack JA, Stuart-Taylor ME. Calculation of drug dosage and body surface area of children. Br J Anaesth 1997; 78: 601–5.

53. Wabitsch M. Overweight and obesity in European children: definition and diagnostic procedures, risk factors and consequences for later health outcome. Eur J Pediatr 2000; 159 Suppl 1: S8–13.

54. Smith HL, Meldrum DJ, Brennan LJ. Childhood obesity: a challenge for the anaesthetist? Paediatr Anaesth 2002; 12: 750–61.

55. Hannallah RS. Preoperative investigations. Paediatr Anaesth 1995; 5: 325–9.

56. Roizen MF. The compelling rationale for less preoperative testing. Can J Anaesth 1988; 35: 214–18.

57. O'Connor ME, Drasner K. Preoperative laboratory testing of children undergoing elective surgery. Anesth Analg 1990; 70: 176–80.

58. Meneghini L, Zadra N, Zanette G, Baiocchi M, Giusti F. The usefulness of routine preoperative laboratory tests for one-day surgery in healthy children. Paediatr Anaesth 1998; 8: 11–15.

59. Munro J, Booth A, Nicholl J. Routine preoperative testing: a systematic review of the evidence. Health Technol Assess 1997; 1: i–iv; 1–62.

60. Perez A, Planell J, Bacardaz C et al. Value of routine preoperative tests: a multicentre study in four general hospitals. Br J Anaesth 1995; 74: 250–6.

61. Smetana GW, Macpherson DS. The case against routine preoperative laboratory testing. Med Clin North Am 2003; 87: 7–40.

62. Roizen MF. More preoperative assessment by physicians and less by laboratory tests. N Engl J Med 2000; 342: 204–5.

63. Roy WL, Lerman J, McIntyre BG. Is preoperative haemoglobin testing justified in children undergoing minor elective surgery? Can J Anaesth 1991; 38: 700–3.

64. Hackmann T, Steward DJ, Sheps SB. Anemia in pediatric day-surgery patients: prevalence and detection. Anesthesiology 1991; 75: 27–31.

65. Bernstein MJ. Perioperative red blood cell transfusion. JAMA 1988; 260: 2700–3.

66. Baron MJ, Gunter J, White P. Is the pediatric preoperative hematocrit determination necessary? South Med J 1992; 85: 1187–9.

67. Coté CJ, Zaslavsky A, Downes JJ et al. Postoperative apnea in former preterm infants after inguinal herniorrhaphy. A combined analysis. Anesthesiology 1995; 82: 809–22.

68. Welborn LG, Hannallah RS, Luban NL, Fink R, Ruttimann UE. Anemia and postoperative apnea in former preterm infants. Anesthesiology 1991; 74: 1003–6.

69. Serjeant GR. Sickle-cell disease. Lancet 1997; 350: 725–30.

70. Banerjee AK, Layton DM, Rennie JA, Bellingham AJ. Safe surgery in sickle cell disease. Br J Surg 1991; 78: 516–17.

71. Pemberton PL, Down JF, Porter JB, Bromley LM. A retrospective observational study of pre-operative sickle cell screening. Anaesthesia 2002; 57: 334–7.

72. Baraka A, Haddock G, Roussis X, Leventis J, Fyfe AH. An audit of sickle cell screening in a paediatric hospital population. Scott Med J 1994;. 39: 84–5.

73. Crawford MW, Galton S, Abdelhaleem M. Preoperative screening for sickle cell disease in children: clinical implications. Can J Anaesth 2005; 52: 1058–63.

74. Gibson BE, Todd A, Roberts I et al. Transfusion guidelines for neonates and older children. Br J Haematol 2004; 124: 433–53.

75. Firth PG, Head CA. Sickle cell disease and anesthesia. Anesthesiology 2004; 101: 766–85.

76. Marchant WA, Walker I. Anaesthetic management of the child with sickle cell disease. Paediatr Anaesth 2003; 13: 473–89.

77. Chee YL, Greaves M. Role of coagulation testing in predicting bleeding risk. Hematol J 2003; 4: 373–8.

78. Le Roux C, Lejus C, Surbleb M et al. Is haemostasis biological screening always useful before performing a neuraxial blockade in children? Paediatr Anaesth 2002; 12: 118–23.

79. Scharrer I, Schramm W. 36th Hemophilia Symposium: Hamburg 2005. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 2007.

80. Kitchens CS. To bleed or not to bleed? Is that the question for the PTT? J Thromb Haemost 2005; 3: 2607–11.

81. Krishna P, Lee D. Post-tonsillectomy bleeding: a meta-analysis. Laryngoscope 2001; 111: 1358–61.

82. Asaf T, Reuveni H, Yermiahu T et al. The need for routine pre-operative coagulation screening tests (prothrombin time PT/partial thromboplastin time PTT) for healthy children undergoing elective tonsillectomy and/or adenoidectomy. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 2001; 61: 217–22.

83. Jonnavithula N, Durga P, Pochiraju R, Anne KK, Ramachandran G. Routine preoperative coagulation screening detects a rare bleeding disorder. Anesth Analg 2009; 108: 76–8.

84. Hastings LA, Wood JC, Harris B et al. Cardiac medications are not associated with clinically important preoperative electrolyte disturbances in children presenting for cardiac surgery. Anesth Analg 2008; 107: 1840–7.

85. Brill PW, Ewing ML, Dunn AA. The value of routine chest radiography in children and adolescents. Pediatrics 1973; 52: 125–7.

86. Wood RA, Hoekelman RA. Value of the chest X-ray as a screening test for elective surgery in children. Pediatrics 1981; 67: 447–52.

87. Committe on Hospital Care. Preoperative chest radiographs. Pediatrics 1983; 71: 858.

88. Anghelescu DL, Burgoyne LL, Liu T et al. Clinical and diagnostic imaging findings predict anesthetic complications in children presenting with malignant mediastinal masses. Paediatr Anaesth 2007; 17: 1090–8.

89. Hammer GB. Anaesthetic management for the child with a mediastinal mass. Paediatr Anaesth 2004; 14: 95–7.

90. Warner MA, Warner ME, Warner DO, Warner LO, Warner EJ. Perioperative pulmonary aspiration in infants and children. Anesthesiology 1999; 90: 66–71.

91. Brady M, Kinn S, Ness V, O'Rourke K, Randhawa N, Stuart P. Preoperative fasting for preventing perioperative complications in children. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2009; 4: CD005285.

92. Castillo-Zamora C, Castillo-Peralta LA, Nava-Ocampo AA. Randomized trial comparing overnight preoperative fasting period Vs oral administration of apple juice at 06: 00–06: 30 am in pediatric orthopedic surgical patients. Paediatr Anaesth 2005; 15: 638–42.

93. Litman RS, Wu CL, Quinlivan JK. Gastric volume and pH in infants fed clear liquids and breast milk prior to surgery. Anesth Analg 1994; 79: 482–5.

94. Billeaud C, Guillet J, Sandler B. Gastric emptying in infants with or without gastro-oesophageal reflux according to the type of milk. Eur J Clin Nutr 1990; 44: 577–83.

95. Sethi AK, Chatterji C, Bhargava SK, Narang P, Tyagi A. Safe pre-operative fasting times after milk or clear fluid in children. A preliminary study using real-time ultrasound. Anaesthesia 1999; 54: 51–9.

96. Cook-Sather SD, Litman RS. Modern fasting guidelines in children. Best Pract Res Clin Anaesthesiol 2006; 20: 471–81.