Grade 12 Unit Test # 2: (total 80 points)
Genetics Name
Part 1 (1 period)42 points
Section 1: Multiple Choice (1 point each—5 points)
1)Which of the following represents a DNA sequence?
a)TACGASTGCAATCGAT
b)UACGAUUUACCGCAUU
c)ACGACCCAGGACCGAGG
d)TACUACUGGGCCUAATU
2)What does DNA polymerase do?
a)Proofreads the RNA sequence
b)Corrects any mistakes in DNA
c)Both A and B
d)Neither A nor B
3)Which of the following people did NOT play a role in modern genetics?
a)Mendel
b)Watson
c)Crick
d)Demone
4)Which of the following DNA mutations is most likely to cause the cell to commit suicide?
a)Inversion
b)Deletion
c)Non-Disjunction
d)Substitution
5)Proteins are not a part of which of the following structures?
a)Enzymes
b)Cell membranes
c)Cell walls
d)Antibodies
Section 2: Fill in the blank (1 point each—5 points)
6)Some of the first genetics experiments were performed on ______plants.
7)DNA contains the sugar ______.
8)The building blocks of proteins are ______.
9)______are chemicals that speed up biological reactions.
10)Thymine in DNA is replaced by ______in RNA.
Section 3: True or False (1 point each—5 points)
11)Pedigrees can be used to show lineage of dogs, sheep, pigs and humans. T OR F
12)Autosomal dominant traits must be passed on by both parents for children to get them. T OR F
13)Polygenic inheritance occurs when more than one gene is needed to code for a trait. T OR F
14)Spots are recessive to no spots in Dalmations. T OR F
15)There are only 20 amino acids found in humans. T OR F
Section 4: Short and Long Answer Questions # 1 (feel free to use diagrams where appropriate)
16)a) What is the name of the “Father” of modern genetics? (1 point)
b) Describe his first experiment and show he discovered “dominant” and “recessive” alleles. (3 points)
17)a) What is DNA and how do we know it is so important? (2 points)
b)What are the building blocks of DNA? (0.5 points)
c) What are they made up of? (1 point)
d) Explain how DNA is put together. (2.5 points)
18)a) What is a mutagen? (1 point)
b) Mutations can occur in many ways, please list 3 examples of things that cause mutations. (3 points)
c) Please pick a type of mutation that we discussed in class and describe how it could affect DNA or RNA. (2 points)
19)a) Black coats are dominant to white coats in bears. Normal size is dominant to dwarfism. Brown eyes are dominant to blue eyes. A male bear who is heterozygous for all three of the traits is going to try and mate with a female bear which would be a trihybrid cross.What is the male bear’s genotype? (1 point)
b) Write down all of the possible gametes for this male bear. (2 points)
20)As your body uses up the protein amylase, the cells in your mouth need to start to produce more. A signal is sent for protein synthesis to start in these cells. Explain fully the process of protein synthesis. You must use diagrams to properly answer this question. (5 points—Stage1 is worth 2 points and stage 2 is worth 3 points)
21) List 3 differences between DNA and RNA. Be sure to include both a statement and a counter statement! (3 points)
Part 2 (38 points)
Section 5: Short and Long answer section 2 (feel free to use diagrams where appropriate and always show your work!!!)
22)a) In rats, brown coat colour is dominant to grey coat colour. If a heterozygous brown rat mates with a grey rat, then what are the chances of their children being grey? (2 points—show all work)
b) What is the genotypic ratio for the previous cross? (1 point)
23) a) The simplest form of sex-linked cross occurs between when we cross a man and a woman simply using the sex chromosomes. Show, using a Punnett square, that the chance of having a boy (or a girl) is 50%. (2 points)
b) Why is it said that the father determines the sex of a child? (1 point)
24) a) Hemophilia is a sex-linked recessive trait that is common in the Royal family of Britain. Show the cross between a female carrier and a normal male. (2 points)
b) What is the ratio of carriers to hemophiliacs? What % of their children would be either carriers or hemophiliacs? (2 points)
25) Fruit flies contain 4 different eye colours: wild type, apricot, honey and white. These are listed in order of dominance. Assign a letter for eye colour and answer the following questions.
a) A wild type fruit fly mates with a honey colour fruit fly and they have 8 children. 6 of the offspring are wild type and two are white. What are the genotypes of the parents? (3 points)
b) Is it possible for an apricot and a honey fly to mate and produce a wild type fruit fly? (1 point)
26) a) What is incomplete dominance? (1 point)
b) Using a specific example, show how intermediate inheritance occurs. (2 points)
27) a) The human ABO blood system shows co-dominance. List all of the possible genotypes for people who have types A, B, AB and O blood. (3 points)
b) Is it possible for a type O child to come from a cross between a person with type A and a person with type B? (2 points)
28) Widow’s peak is recessive to normal hair and hitchhiker’s thumb is recessive to a straight thumb. If a person with widow’s peak and hitchhiker’s thumb mates with a heterozygous normal hair and straight thumb, then what are the chances they will have a child who has widow’s peak and a straight thumb? (3 points)
29) a) What type of inheritance is displayed in this pedigree? Give reasons for your answer. (2 points) What are the genotypes of the original parents? (1 point)
b) Design a pedigree to show a sex-linked recessive trait. The pedigree must have at least 3 generations. (3 points)
30) a) Describe the process of DNA replication. (5 points)
b) This process is extremely accurate. Explain how this process is so accurate. (2 points)