Gas Laws and Ph REVIEW

Gas Laws and pH REVIEW

True/False

Indicate whether the statement is true or false.

____1.Gas molecules have complete freedom to rotate around each other and in any direction.

____2.Gases have relatively high densities.

____3.The terms “force” and “pressure” can be used interchangeably.

____4.Gases take up more space as the temperature increases.

____5.When applying gas laws, temperatures can be expressed in degree Celsius or in Kelvin.

____6.If you have a strong acid, the pH of the solution of this acid will always be low.

____7.The number of particles in a mole of a pure substance is 6.02 x 1023.

____8.Pressure is a direct result of collisions between gas particles and the walls of their container.

____9.According to Boyle’s law, the volume of a gas is inversely proportional to its pressure at constant temperature.

____10.Zero on the Celsius scale is also known as absolute zero.

____11.According to Charles’s law, the volume of a gas is inversely proportional to its pressure at constant temperature.

____12.An aqueous solution of acids causes red litmus paper to turn blue.

____13.An acidic solution contains more hydroxide ions than hydrogen ions.

____14.Acids add flavor to many beverages and foods.

____15.The relative amounts of hydrogen and hydroxide ions determine whether an aqueous solution is acidic, basic or neutral.

Multiple Choice

Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.

____16.A higher temperature leads to:

a. / lower kinetic energy
b. / higher kinetic energy
c. / slower molecules
d. / none of the above

____17.Molecules of two different gases that are at the same temperature will have:

a. / the same ratios of temperature and pressure
b. / the same ratios of temperature and moles
c. / the same ratios of temperature and volume
d. / all of the above

____18.There are differences between an ideal gas and a real gas. In a real gas:

a. / molecules are closer to each other
b. / molecules are further from each other
c. / intermolecular distances are not affected
d. / none of the above

Identify the following substance as a strong acid or a strong base:

____19.HI

a. / strong acid
b. / strong base

____20.HClO4

a. / strong acid
b. / strong base

____21.Ca(OH)2

a. / strong acid
b. / strong base

____22.LiOH

a. / strong acid
b. / strong base

____23.A milkshake is sipped through a straw at the noted pressure. The straw contains 5.0 mL of liquid. How much liquid is consumed at 0.092 atm?

a. / 0.10 mL / c. / 6.3 mL
b. / 3.9 mL / d. / 7.8 mL

____24.The volume of a sample of helium is 4.5 mL at 20.0°C and 203.0 kPa. What will its volume be in the figure?

a. / 2.25 mL / c. / 4.34 mL
b. / 3.78 mL / d. / 6.85 mL

____25.At an ocean depth of 10.0 m, a diver’s lung capacity is 2.40 L. The air temperature is 32.0°C and the pressure is 101.30 kPa. What is the volume of the diver’s lungs at the same depth, at a temperature of 21.0°C and a pressure of 141.20 kPa?

a. / 1.12 L / c. / 1.78 L
b. / 1.66 l / d. / 4.86 L

____26.Gas is confined in a metal tank in the figure. At 20.20C, the gas exerts a pressure of 8.532 atm. After heating the tank, the pressure of the gas increases to 10.406 atm. What is the temperature of the heated gas?

a. / -32.60C / c. / 84.59C
b. / 24.63C / d. / 92.64C

____27.The _____ in a balanced equation specify volume ratios for gaseous reactants and products.

a. / constants / c. / masses
b. / coefficients / d. / variables

____28.A gas is confined in a steel tank with a volume of 6.982 L. At 20.20°C, the gas exerts a pressure of 8.532 atm. After heating the tank, the pressure of the gas increases to 10.406 atm. What is the temperature of the heated gas?

a. / –32.60°C / c. / 84.59°C
b. / 24.63°C / d. / 92.64°C

____29.A steel tank with a volume of 9.583 L contains N2 gas under a pressure of 4.972 atm at 31.8 °C. Calculate the number of moles of N2 in the tank.

a. / 0.002 mol / c. / 0.525 mol
b. / 0.018 mol / d. / 1.90 mol

____30.What volume of oxygen is needed to react with solid sulfur to form 6.20 L of sulfur dioxide?

a. / 6.20 L / c. / 12.4 L
b. / 7.20 L / d. / 99.2 L

____31.When acids react with metals, they produce _____ gas.

a. / hydrogen / c. / sulfur
b. / nitrogen / d. / oxygen

____32.What is the pH of blood, given the hydrogen ion concentration is 4.0 x 10-8 M?

a. / 7.0 / c. / 7.4
b. / 7.2 / d. / 7.6

____33.Which model states that an acid is a substance that contains hydrogen and ionizes to produce hydrogen ions?

a. / Arrhenius / c. / Lewis
b. / Bronsted-Lowry / d. / Hydrogen

____34.What is the ph of 0.45 M of H2SO4?

a. / 0.0045 / c. / 0.45
b. / 0.045 / d. / 4.50

____35.A solution that contains equal concentrations of hydrogen and hydroxide ions is _____.

a. / an acid / c. / neutral
b. / a base / d. / ionized

____36.At 298 K, the H ion concentration of an aqueous solution is 1.00  10–5M. What is the pH of the solution?

a. / –4.04 / c. / 3.99
b. / 5.00 / d. / 3.82

Gas Laws and pH REVIEW

Answer Section

TRUE/FALSE

1.ANS:TPTS:1DIF:EasyREF:Section 14.1

2.ANS:FPTS:1DIF:EasyREF:Section 14.1

3.ANS:FPTS:1DIF:EasyREF:Section 14.1

4.ANS:TPTS:1DIF:EasyREF:Section 14.2

5.ANS:FPTS:1DIF:EasyREF:Section 14.2

6.ANS:FPTS:1DIF:EasyREF:Section 13.2

7.ANS:TPTS:1DIF:Bloom's Level 1

NAT:B.1 | B.2STA:ABC 16.1

8.ANS:TPTS:1DIF:Bloom's Level 2

NAT:B.4STA:ABC 16.3

9.ANS:T

Definition of Boyle’s law.

PTS:1DIF:Bloom's Level 1NAT:B.4

STA:ABC 16.6

10.ANS:F

Zero on the Kelvin scale is also known as absolute zero.

PTS:1DIF:Bloom's Level 1NAT:UCP.2 | UCP.3

STA:ABC 16.5

11.ANS:F

According to Charles’s law, the volume of a gas is directly proportional to its Kelvin temperature at constant pressure.

PTS:1DIF:1REF:Page 423

OBJ:14.1.1 State Boyle's law, Charles's law, and Gay-Lussac's law.

NAT:UCP.1 | UCP.3 | B.4STA:ABC 16.5

TOP:State Boyle's law, Charles's law, and Gay-Lussac's law.KEY:Charles's law

MSC:1

NOT:According to Boyle's law, the volume of a gas is inversely proportional to its pressure at constant temperature.

12.ANS:F

An aqueous solution of acids causes blue litmus paper to turn red.

PTS:1DIF:Bloom's Level 1NAT:UCP.2 | A.1 | B.3

STA:ABC 23.2

13.ANS:F

A basic solution contains more hydroxide ions than hydrogen ions.

PTS:1DIF:Bloom's Level 1NAT:UCP.2 | B.3

STA:ABC 23.2

14.ANS:TPTS:1DIF:Bloom's Level 1

NAT:UCP.2STA:ABC 23.2

15.ANS:TPTS:1DIF:Bloom's Level 1

NAT:UCP.2 | B.2STA:ABC 23.2

MULTIPLE CHOICE

16.ANS:BPTS:1DIF:EasyREF:Section 14.2

17.ANS:DPTS:2DIF:AverageREF:Section 14.2

18.ANS:APTS:2DIF:AverageREF:Section 14.2

19.ANS:APTS:1DIF:EasyREF:Section 13.1

20.ANS:APTS:1DIF:EasyREF:Section 13.1

21.ANS:BPTS:1DIF:EasyREF:Section 13.1

22.ANS:BPTS:1DIF:EasyREF:Section 13.1

23.ANS:B

P1V1 = P2V2

PTS:1DIF:Bloom's Level 3NAT:UCP.2 | UCP.3 | B.4

STA:ABC 16.6

24.ANS:C

Use Charles’s law

PTS:1DIF:Bloom's Level 3NAT:UCP.2 | UCP.3 | B.6

STA:ABC 16.6

25.ANS:B

Use the combined gas law.

PTS:1DIF:Bloom's Level 3NAT:UCP.3 | B.4 | B.6

STA:ABC 16.6

26.ANS:C

P1 / T1 = P2 / T2

Convert Celsius to Kelvin

PTS:1DIF:Bloom's Level 3NAT:UCP.2 | UCP.3 | B.4 | B.6

STA:ABC 16.6

27.ANS:B

See section 13.3, gas stoichiometry.

PTS:1DIF:Bloom's Level 1NAT:UCP.2 | B.3

STA:ABC 16.6

28.ANS:C

Using Gay-Lussac’s law, .

Feedback
A / First, multiply the pressure and temperature of the gas. Then, divide the product with the pressure before heating the tank, not after heating it.
B / First, convert the temperature in Celsius to Kelvin. Then, calculate the temperature.
C / Correct!
D / The product of pressure and temperature of the gas is incorrect.

PTS:1DIF:2REF:Page 426

OBJ:14.1.2 Apply the three gas laws to problems involving the pressure, temperature, and volume of a gas.

NAT:UCP.1 | UCP.3 | B.4STA:ABC 16.6

TOP:Apply the three gas laws to problems involving the pressure, temperature, and volume of a gas.

KEY:Gay-Lussac's lawMSC:3

29.ANS:D

According to the ideal gas law, PVnRT.

Feedback
A / Use the correct numerical value of R. The value of R is not 62.4.
B / Use the correct numerical value of R. The value of R is not 8.314.
C / Divide PV by RT to obtain the number of moles of N2.
D / Correct!

PTS:1DIF:2REF:Page 436

OBJ:14.3.1 Relate the amount of gas present to its pressure, temperature, and volume by using the ideal gas law. NAT: UCP.1 | UCP.3 | B.4 STA: ABC 16.3

TOP:Relate the amount of gas present to its pressure, temperature, and volume by using the ideal gas law.

KEY:Applying the ideal gas lawMSC:3

30.ANS:A

The chemical reaction of sulfur and oxygen is:

S(s) + O2(g)  SO2(g)

The ratio of these gases is represented as 1:1:1.

Use the balanced equation to find the volume ratio of O2(g):

Feedback
A / Correct!
B / Instead of adding the volume of sulfur dioxide to the volume of oxygen, multiply the two volumes.
C / Balance the equation correctly.
D / Instead of multiplying the volume of sulfur dioxide by the molecular weight of oxygen, multiply the two volumes.

PTS:1DIF:3REF:Page 440

OBJ:14.4.1 Determine volume ratios for gaseous reactants and products by using coefficients from a chemical equation. NAT: UCP.3 | B.3 STA: ABC 16.1

TOP:Determine volume ratios for gaseous reactants and products by using coefficients from a chemical equation. KEY: Calculations involving only volume

MSC:3

31.ANS:APTS:1DIF:Bloom's Level 1

NAT:UCP.2 | B.3 | B.6STA:ABC 23.2

32.ANS:CPTS:1DIF:Bloom's Level 3

NAT:UCP.3 | B.2STA:ABC 23.2

33.ANS:APTS:1DIF:Bloom's Level 2

NAT:UCP.2STA:ABC 23.2

34.ANS:BPTS:1DIF:Bloom's Level 3

NAT:UCP.3STA:ABC 23.3 | ABC 24.2

35.ANS:CPTS:1DIF:Bloom's Level 1

NAT:UCP.2STA:ABC 23.2

36.ANS:B

pH –log [H]

Feedback
A / The pH of the solution is the negative logarithm of the hydrogen ion concentration.
B / Correct!
C / Calculate the pH by taking the negative logarithm of the hydrogen ion concentration.
D / Use the formula, pH = -log (hydrogen ion concentration), to calculate pH of the solution.

PTS:1DIF:1REF:Page 610

OBJ:19.3.3 Calculate the pH and pOH of the aqueous solution.

NAT:B.2 | B.3STA:ABC 23.3TOP:Calculate the pH and pOH of the aqueous solution.

KEY:pHMSC:3