From Colonies to Country: 1710 1791

From Colonies to Country: 1710 1791

FROM COLONIES TO COUNTRY: 1710—1791

BOOK 3, A History Of Us, Joy Hakim

  1. The 1735 libel trial of this New York Weekly Journal editor is typically cited as helping to establish a foundation for the American tradition of freedom of the press. [13-16] ______
  2. Georgia governor James Oglethorpe and his forces laid seige to this Spanish fort in 1740 during the War of Jenkins’s Ear. [18] ______

3—4. The name given to Canada when it was controlled by the French. [22] ______The commerce that most interested the French in Canada. [22] ______

5—6. Erupting in 1754 and lasting until 1763, this war was fought to determine which European power would control North America. [24] ______His disastrous 1755 campaign against Fort Duquesne (today’s Pittsburgh) was the first major military action of that war. [24] ______

  1. The main purpose of the 1754 conference at this site in New York was to enlist the Iroquois as allies in the fight against the French; that Benjamin Franklin suggested the need for the colonies to unite has led it to being highlighted as an important step on the way to American independence. [28] ______
  2. This series of coordinated Indian attacks on all twelve of the British forts in the Great Lakes region in 1763 gets its name from the Ottawa chief who led the campaign. [30] ______

9—11. The English victory at this city on the Plains of Abraham in 1759 sealed their triumph over the French in the war. [31-32] ______Who was the British general who commanded this expedition? [32] ______Who was the French general in this battle? [32] ______

12—13. Six thousand of these French-speaking settlers would be expelled from Nova Scotia in 1755 after refusing to swear loyalty to Britain; many would end up in Louisiana. [33] ______What is the name by which these settlers came to be known in Louisiana? [34] ______

14—15. Which religious revival movement, beginning in about 1739, split American Protestantism between the “Old Lights” (Quakers, Anglicans, and Congregationalists) and "New Lights) (Methodists, Presbyterians, Baptists)? [36] ______The arrival of which English preacher in the colonies is often highlighted as the starting point of the movement? [36] ______

16—17. What was the approximate number of people in the Thirteen Colonies by 1763? [36] ______What was the approximate number of French-speaking people in Canada by 1763? [36] ______

  1. The British king’s proclamation of 1763 declared that all land west of which natural boundary was to be reserved for Native Americans? [36] ______
  2. The approximate number of settlers who had ignored this order and used Pittsburgh as a jumping-off point to the Ohio River Valley by 1770. [37] ______
  3. Daniel Boone helped cut this path through the Cumberland Gap to Kentucky. [38] ______
  4. A French immigrant to the colony of New York, his Letters Of An American Farmer asked the question, “What is an American?” and then answered that a “new man who acts upon new principles” was being carved out of the encounter with the wilderness. [39-41] ______

22—23. What was the most important plantation crop in colonial South Carolina? [43] ______This crop, which was transformed into a valuable blue dye, was also important. [43] ______

  1. Which English document of 1215 gave the nobles certain liberties the king was obligated to respect – it is typically highlighted as an important moment in the development of the concept of individual rights? [47] ______
  2. Literally “have the body,” this traditional English right meant that those who were arrested could not be held without hearing the formal charges against them. [47-48] ______
  3. The ascension of William and Mary to the British throne in 1688 is known as the Glorious Revolution, in part because they agreed to sign this document, which made Parliament more powerful than the monarchy. [48] ______
  4. Who was the British king at the time of the American Revolution? [50-54] ______
  5. Which colonial slogan captured the sense of frustration that though no colonists served in Parliament, it could still pass revenue measures? [53] ______
  6. This 1765 legislation placed a tax on every piece of printed paper used by the colonists, including newspapers, playing cards, and legal documents. [53] ______
  7. Which 1773 act of civil disobedience in Boston in defiance of a tax designed to help the flagging financial fortunes of the East India Company led to severe British reprisals, including the shutting down of Boston Harbor? [54] ______
  8. These religious free-thinkers, whose ranks included Thomas Jefferson, believed that there was a creator God but rejected the idea of an active God who directs worldly events. [56] ______
  9. These groups of prominent colonists wrote back and forth to each other to discuss their common problems –they are credited with establishing networks that began to allow those from disparate regions to forge a common identity as Americans. [57] ______
  10. Which radical Bostonian helped to set up the Sons of Liberty, a developing network of colonists that was responsible for the organization of anti-British boycotts and various acts of political street theater? [57] ______

34—35. Which Philadelphia magazine editor and recent immigrant from England became the American Revolution’s preeminent pamphleteer? [57-60] ______This, his most famous pamphlet, criticized both monarchy as a form of government and the attempt of England to rule the colonies from afar. [59-60] ______

  1. What was the name given the American army that fought the British? [60] ______

37—38. It was Virginia’s capital by late in the colonial era. [61] ______What was the name of the colonial Virginia legislature? [61] ______

  1. Born on the Virginia frontier, he first came to prominence for his outspoken criticism of the Stamp Act in 1765. [61] ______
  2. Which amendment derives directly from the English Parliament’s passing of the Quartering Act in 1765? [64 plus checking of the Constitution] ______

41—43. What was the name given to the violent encounter between a mob of colonists and British soldiers on Boston Common that left five Americans dead and seven wounded in 1770? [64-65] ______Which famous silversmith engraved a famous picture of the incident? [65] ______Which colonial lawyer and future President defended the British soldiers involved? [65-66] ______

  1. Representatives from every colony but Georgia came to this 1774 Congress in Philadelphia – delegates agreed to extend the boycott against English goods and to push aggressively for immediate redress to their grievances. [67] ______

45—48. What are the two names typically adopted by those who decided at the time of the American Revolution to push free from British control? [67]______; ______What are the two names usually given to those colonists who remained loyal to the king and the British government? [67] ______; ______

49—50. The first shots of the American Revolution were fired at which Massachusetts town on April 19, 1775; when the skirmish ended eight American farmers lay dead? [73] ______The nickname given to these citizen-soldiers, it derived from their supposed ability to switch from farmer to militiaman at a minute’s notice. [74] ______

  1. A song developed by the British to insult their American opponents, it was transformed by the Americans into a rousing declaration of pride. [74] ______
  2. Who, in 1775, led the Green Mountain Boys against the British at Fort Ticonderoga on Lake Champlain? [76-77] ______
  3. An independent nation from 1777 to 1791, it became the fourteenth state in that latter year. [78] ______

54—55. Meeting in Philadelphia beginning on May 10, 1775, which Congress named George Washington as commander of the American armies and declared independence from Britain? [80-86] ______The final petition sent by this body to the king, it asked him to recognize their issues as legitimate. [87] ______

  1. In 1774, the women of which North Carolina port signed a pledge agreeing not to drink English tea? [88] ______
  2. The first major battle of the Revolution, this June 1775 Boston-area engagement resulted in 441 American and some one thousand British casualties. [89-93] ______

58—62. What are the three unalienable rights mentioned in the Declaration of Independence? [99] ______; ______; ______Where, according to the Declaration, do these rights come from? [99] ______What, according to the Declaration, is the rightful purpose of government? [99] ______

  1. South Carolina and Georgia refused to sign the Declaration of Independence unless the section criticizing which institution was removed? [101] ______
  2. The name given not only to Mary Hays, who dodged shells to bring water to stricken Patriots, but to all women who helped the Revolutionary forces. [106] ______
  3. Disguising herself as a man, she was wounded twice in her three years as a Patriot soldier; qualified for a military pension; and went on a speaking tour after the war to talk of her exploits. [106-107] ______
  4. The first famous African-American poet, she wrote patriotic paeans to American independence and would come to be freed by her master. [109] ______
  5. Who urged her husband to “remember the ladies” when assessing how absolute power could lead to both tyranny and rebellion but was condescendingly rebuffed? [109] ______
  6. Approximately how many African-Americans fought on the Patriot side during the Revolution? [112] ______
  7. This Frenchman whose father had died fighting the British was attracted by the ideals of the American Revolution. [116] ______
  8. A captain in the Prussian army rather than the general that he claimed to be, which German helped train the ragtag troupe that represented the Continental Army? [117] ______

71—72. In November 1775, which Virginia royal governor announced that all blacks who fought on the side of the British would gain their freedom? [121] ______This force of some 300 blacks marched into battle on the side of the English wearing sashes with the words “Liberty to Slaves” on them. [121] ______

  1. Some 30,000 of these German mercenaries, named for the region of their home country from which they were recruited, fought for the British in the American Revolution. [125] ______
  2. The commander of the British forces at the start of the Revolution, he captured New York City and forced Washington to retreat to Pennsylvania. [126] ______
  3. After this surprising American military victory in upstate New York in October 1777, the French joined the war as allies of the Patriots. [128-29] ______
  4. Washington’s army spent the winter of 1777-78 at this Pennsylvania site; some 2,000 soldiers died of hunger and disease and the place is now associated both with hardship and with the importance of Revolutionary zeal, resilience, and endurance. [130-31] ______
  5. The hanging death of which Rebel spy would be seized upon by those Americans eager to carve out a mythological pantheon of Revolutionary-era icons in the early decades of the new nation? [133] ______
  6. In this state, the new constitution gave anyone who owned property the right to vote – as a result widows and some blacks voted in early elections before the legislature rescinded this law. [136] ______
  7. Which European nation had explored down the West Coast of the American continent in the mid-eighteenth century and established a small fort north of today’s San Francisco? [138] ______
  8. Named by the new chief of the British forces General Clinton as commander of his troops in the South, who led campaigns in Georgia and the Carolinas after the war in the North became stalemated? [142-43] ______
  9. The American seige of the British forces at which Virginia port in 1781 succeeded in part because the French navy repelled a British fleet sent from New York to rescue the Redcoats? [142-45] ______What was the song played as the British laid down their arms? [146] ______
  10. What is the meaning of “novus ordo seclorum,” words which appear on the great seal of the United States and upon every dollar bill? [146] ______

83—86. The first constitution, it was written by the Second Continental Congress in 1776; ratified in 1781; and remained in effect until 1789. [148-49] ______What was the first capital under this constitution? [149] ______How much power did small states have in Congress as opposed to large states? [149] ______Congress lacked the power, significantly, to do this. [149] ______

  1. In 1792, which commonwealth became the first state west of the Appalachian Mountains? [150] ______
  2. What was the original name of Tennessee? [150] ______
  3. In 1787, the Confederation Congress passed this law, which provided for a process by which new territories might become states. [151-52] ______

90—92. What were the three accomplishments that Jefferson chose to etch on his tombstone? [156] ______; ______; ______

  1. Which young Virginia delegate probably had more influence than anyone else in designing the new constitution that would emerge from the 1787 Philadelphia Convention? [159] ______
  2. The number of delegates to the Philadelphia Constitutional Convention. [163] ______
  3. Serving as ambassador in France, he was unable to attend the Constitutional Convention. [164] ______
  4. If a confederation is a government made up of a group of partners who keep all important powers to themselves, this is a form of government that divides power between a central government and state governments. [171] ______

97—98. What constitutional proposal, favoring the larger states, said that the number of representatives each state should have would be entirely based upon population? [172] ______Which rival plan, introduced by delegate William Paterson, argued that each state should have an equal number of representatives in Congress? [172] ______

  1. The proposal suggested by Connecticut delegate Roger Sherman, it envisioned a House of Representatives based upon proportional representation and a Senate with an equal number of representatives from each state. [173] ______
  2. Article I, Section 2 of the Constitution declared that slaves should count as which proportion of a person for purposes of representation? [174] ______
  3. The Constitutional Convention adopted this as a new name for the nation. [175] ______
  4. The delegates’ distrust of power led to the development of which system, in which each of the three branches of government was given countervailing force against the other two branches? [175-76] ______

103—104. To allow for change to the Constitution, but to make it difficult to occur, the Founders set up an amendment process by which [177] ______of the members of Congress need to vote for an amendment before it can be sent to the states and then [177] ______of the state legislatures vote to ratify it.

  1. The writers of the Constitution used such terms as “person held to service or labor” or “all other persons” rather than referring explicitly to this institution. [177] ______
  2. “We the People of the United States” are the opening words to which section of the Constitution? [178] ______
  3. What is the year in which Native Americans living under tribal law on reservations were guaranteed the full rights of American citizens? [181] ______
  4. According to the Constitution, what practice was to be stopped by 1808? [181] ______

109—112. What three prominent individuals wrote a series of 85 anonymous articles to convince New Yorkers to ratify the Constitution? [186] ______; ______; ______What is the name given to these collected writings? [186] ______

113—114. What two states initially refused to ratify the Constitution? [186] ______; ______

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