For Project Proposal by GuzhenTown of Zhongshan City, Guangdong Province
as part of the World Bank Loan Project of
The Integrated Economic Development of Small Towns
Pest Management Plan
Entrusted by: South Green Exhibition Park Company Limited
Prepared by: ZhongshanCityForestPest Control Quarantine Station
October 2011
1
Table of Contents
1 Introduction
1.1Project Description
1.2 Natural Conditions of the Project Area
1.3 Social Economic Conditions
1.4 Current Status of the Sub-project Area Relating to Agricultural Production
1.5 IPM Concept
1.6 Objectives of IPM Implementation under the Project
2 Current Pest Management Practice in the Project Area
2.1 Main Pests Found in the Project Area
2.2 Pest and Disease Control Methods Currently Used in the Project Area
2.3 Overall Evaluation of the Current Practice of Disease and Pest Managment
3 Policy and Supervision Framework and Institutional Responsibilities
3.1 Policies of the National and Provincial Governments on Plant Protection and IPM
3.2 Supervision Framework and Institutional Responsibilities
3.3 Overall Evaluation of Pest and Disease Management Capacity
3.4 Pesticide Management and Distribution System and Usage of Pesticides
4 Overall Objectives of this PMP
4.1 Overall Objectives
4.2 Basic Principles and Objectives of Pest and Disease Control under the Project
5 Recommended Measures for Pest and Disease Control
5.1 Purposes of the Recommendations
5.2Main Measures Recommended in this PMP
6 Pesticide Management under the Project
6.1Pesticides Recommended for Use under the Project
6.2 Pesticide Application Devices for Use in the Project Area
6.3 Management on Use of Pesticides under the Project
6.4Capacity of Pesticide Users to Handle Pesticide within the Acceptable Risk Limit
6.5 Environmental, Professional and Health Risks
6.6 Managerial Measures to Reduce Risks Caused by Pesticide Use in the Project
7 Capacity Building for Pest and Disease Management under the Project
7.1 Policies to Be Implemented
7.2 Objectives of Capacity Building
7.3 Infrastructure, Managerial Capacity, Institutional Arrangement and Cooperation
7.4 Overall Description of Training and Human Resources Development
7.5 Training to Forest Farmers
8. Monitoring and Evaluation under the Project
8.1. Contents of the Project Monitoring
8.2. Contents of Monitoring and Evaluation
8.3. Plan of Monitoring and Supervision
9 Cost Estimate
Annexes:
Annex 1. Main Species of Plants in the Project Area
Annex 2 Main Species of Plants and Pests/Diseases in the Project Area
Annex 3 Main Pests/Diseases in the Project Area and the Control Measures
Annex 4 Emergency Preparedness Plan to Address Major Disease/Pest Disastersin the Project Area
Abbreviations and Acronyms
FAO—United Nations Food and Agricultural Organization
GB—abbreviation of Guo Biao, refers to National Standards
IPM—Integrated Pest Management
PMO—Project Management Office
PMP—Pest Management Plan
1
1 Introduction
1.1Project Description
The project proposed by Guzhen Town of Zhongshan City, GuangdongProvince includes two sub-projects, namely green exhibition parkdevelopment sub-project and decorative lighting industry development service platform and project management sub-project. The first sub-project, consisting of construction of the green exhibition park and development of biological breeding platform, will be located in the SouthGreenExhibitionPark in Guzhen Town of Zhongshan City, GuangdongProvince. The second sub-project will be located in east of Zhongxin Road, to the north of Town government building compound. Implementation of the project will take 3 years. Activities to be accomplished include: construction of the green exhibition park, development of the biological breeding platform, civil work for construction of the project management office, procurement and installation of equipment and facilities, institutional strengthening and capacity building, project management and monitoring and etc.
Implementation of the first sub-project will start with construction of public infrastructure and public service facilities to build a foundation for development of the green exhibition park. Construction of green houses, bridges, roads, water engineering facilities, buildings, ancillary structures and etc. for the green exhibition parkwill provide it withnecessary basic infrastructure for itsdevelopment, provision of modernized mechanical equipment and devicesof a certain amount will strengthen its advancement in equipment and devices and establish its high standards of mechanization, intelligentization and standardization, so that the green exhibition park can be in a leading position in China in terms ofmanagement, production, trading and security. Further development of the green exhibition park can be realized through its holding China (Zhongshan) SouthVirescence Plantlet Expo at regular intervals and use of all possible public relation channels to increase its influences. Development of the biological breeding platform will support development of ornamental flora and fauna germplasm resources nursery and database, development of innovation and research center for nursery stock germplasm of flowers and plants,research and development center for breeding and processing techniques of ornamental animals, establishment of demonstration base for large-scale breeding and processing techniques of ornamental animals, and control and technical extension center for nutrition, diseases and pests of ornamental animals and plants, etc. Technical advantage of Zhongshan University, the town’s partner, will be utilized to develop breeding and reproduction systems of orchids, Cuora trifasciata (a small water turtle for ornamental purpose) and ornamental fish and other products, so as to establish the highest standards for the industry and provide scientific and technical support and talents for back-end industrialized production and thus drive and facilitate development of rare and precious ornamental animals and plants in Southern China and even in the whole China.
Development of Guzhen Town decorative lighting development service platform will start with a high standard and cover services for all activities ofthe decorative lighting industry, including design, trading, training and testing. Implementation of the sub-project will favor safe, efficient and stable development of decorative lighting industry in Guzhen Town, and will also facilitate combined development of the advantageous industries of decorative lighting and virescence plantlets and ornamental animals and plants in Guzhen Town, so as to achieve integrated economic, social and ecological benefits.
The project involves construction of the green exhibition park, which relates to agricultural production and consists of activities such as production and trading of virescence plantlets, development of biological breeding platform, ornamental animal and plant germplasm resources nursery and database, development of innovation and research center for nursery stock germplasm of flowers and plants, research and development center for breeding and processing techniques of ornamental animals, establishment of demonstration base for large-scale breeding and processing techniques of ornamental animals, and institutional capacity building and etc. Since all these activities relate to pest control and management during project implementation, this PMP is preparedfor the purpose of ensuring smooth project implementation, based on surveys to the project areas and collection of a large amount of data and in compliance with the World Bank’s environmentalassessment procedures for pest management and Forest Pest Control Regulations issued by the State Council.
This PMP follows the principle of “Prevention First, Scientific Control, Rule of Law, HealthPromotion”as stipulated in the Forest Pest Control Regulations and puts forward approaches for control and management of the main animal and plant pests and diseases relating to the project. The proposed approaches advocate natural control of the pests and diseases on the premise of environmental protection, and aim at promoting biological prevention and control or environmental prevention and control by using appropriate techniques in a coordinated way to reduce reliance on synthetic chemical pesticides, so as to limit pest damage within a tolerable leveland achieve optimal economic, social and ecological benefits while preventing environmental pollution caused by chemical pesticides.
1.2 Natural Conditions of the Project Area
1.2.1 Location of the Project Area
Guzhen Town is well-known both at home and abroad as “Lighting Capital of China”. Located in the northwest part of Zhongshan City of Guangdong province, Guzhen Town is at the junction of three cities of Guangdong Province, including Zhongshan, Jiangmen and Fushan and adjacent to Hong Kong and Macao.
1.2.2 Hydrological and Meteorological Conditions of the Project Area
Zhongshan City is located in the low latitude zone, with all territory situated in the south of the Tropic of Cancer. It is characterized by sub-tropical zone monsoon climate, with plenty of heat and light resources, abundant rainfall and solar radiation. Total radiant quantity of the city maximizes in July, amounting to 51,141.3 Joule/cm2 and minimizes in February, amounting to only 23,285.7 Joule/cm2.Over the years, the sunshine duration averages1843.4hrs., accounting for 42% of the possible annual sunshine duration. The maximal sunshine duration occurred in 1955, totaling 2,392.6 hrs.and accounting for 54% of the possible annual sunshine duration, and the minimal sunshine occurred in 1994, with only 1,448.2 hrs. andaccounting for 33% of the possible annual sunshine duration. Annual average temperature of the city is 22.0℃;its lowest monthly temperature occurs in January, being 13.6℃; and highest monthly temperature occurs in July, being 28.5℃. Extremely highest temperature of the city is 38.7℃, which occurred on July 18 and 19, 2005), extremely lowest temperature is -1.3℃, which occurred on January 12, 1955). Being on the verge of the South China Sea, the city has its main water source of precipitation, or the great quantity of moisture brought about by monsoons in summer, and its annual precipitation is 1,791.3mm on average. Disastrous weather events that affect the city include typhoon, rainstorm, low temperature, frost, low temperature and overcast and consecutive rain, drought and thunderstorm.
1.3 Social Economic Conditions
Guzhen Town covers an area totaling 47.8 km2, consisting of 3 naturally formed villages, namely Guzhen, Caobu and Haizhou. Jurisdictionally, the town includes 12 administrative villages and 1 neighborhood committee, and totally 71 thousand people registered as local residents and 80 thousand people as transient population.
Ever since implementation of national policy of reform and opening to the outside world, Guzhen Town has been gradually evolving from unitary agriculture dominated town to anindustrialized town characterized by regional, featured economy, with decorative lightingand flower and plant seedlings as itsmajor supporting industries.Comprehensive economic and social development in Guzhen Town has brought to it lots of honors, including the honors of “Lighting Capital of China”, “National Level Civilization Town” and“National Level Sanitary Town”, and recognitions as one of the “Nationwide Top 100 Towns for Best Investment Environment”, “Nationwide Top 100 Towns for Best Performance of Afforestation and Virescence”, “First Batch Industrialize Satellite Towns in Guangdong Province”, “Provincial Level Top Towns for Education Promotion”, “Provincial Level Demonstration Area for Agricultural Modernization”, “Provincial Level Demonstration Area for Industrial ClusterUpgrade” and etc. In 2010, the gross output value of industry and agriculture of Guzhen Town totaled RMB 23.653 billion, and GDP totaled RMB 8.77 billion, per capita GDP was RMB 123.3 thousand; national and local tax revenues totaled RMB 960 million, per capita income of farmers was RMB 22,603; at the end of the year, bank balance of the town totaled RMB 15.6 billion, and household savings surplus was RMB 11.7 billion. For many years, the town hasranked forefront place in the whole Zhongshan City in terms of per capita income and deposits held in the banks.
Guzhen Town is one of the conventionaleconomic crop planting zones in Zhongshan City. In recent years, the town increased its investments in agricultural production to improve agriculturalinfrastructure and water engineering works,and also made great efforts in adjusting distribution of agricultural production and agricultural product structure. As a result, an agricultural economic structure with flower and plant seedling plantingas leading industry and good quality aquaculture as supplementary industry has been formed in the town and generated high output, high efficiency and high added value, and the town has become a major production bases for flower and plant seedlings and one of the major markets for such productsin Southern China.In 1999, Guzhen Town was recognized by Guangdong provincial government as one of the Ten Major Demonstration Areas for Agricultural Modernization. Currently, the town has cropping area totaling 21 thousand mu, including 11 thousand mu for flowers and ornamental plants and 300 mu for vegetable planting.In 2008, the South Green ExhibitionPark was planned with a total area of about 10 thousand mu, and 3times of China (Zhongshan) South Virescence Plantlet Expo have been successfullyheld in the exhibition park, all of which were widely and highly commended by leaders at all levels and all social circles. Additionally, agricultural production by farmers of Guzhen Town in places outside the town is very prominent, with lots of farmers of the town going to Shenzhen, Zhuhai, Xinhui and Zhanjiang and other places to conduct agricultural production activities. At present, agricultural production area operated by farmers of Guzhen Town in places outside the town totals above 30 thousand mu, which greatly upgradeextension and driving-force impact of agricultural development of Guzhen Town.
1.4 Current Status of the Sub-project Area Relating to Agricultural Production
The sub-project involves agricultural production is the South Green Exhibition Parksub-project. The South Green Exhibition Park covers an area totaling 10,050 mu, including indoor exhibition area of 6,800 m2 in total, mainly for exhibition of landscaping and landscape trees, but also with stands for display of gardening material, pesticides and fertilizers, drainage, irrigationand lighting facilities, and landscaping sketches and elements, etc. The park has the biggest temporary planting base for camphor in Asia, over 2,000 mu of area for exhibition of flowers and trees, as well as Longlinsha flower and tree planting base, which covers6,800 mu of land equipped with ancillary facilities and is the largest landscaping seedling production base in South China. Through two years of planning and construction, all scenery spots in the exhibition areas and ancillary facilities in thepark have become increasingly improved, and the park has attracted investors from abroad, surrounding provinces in South China and renown enterprises in major cities in the Pearl River Delta in Guangdong province, such as Guangdong Weisheng Gardening (Greenhouse) Science and Technology Company Limited, Guangdong Zonglv Gardening Joint Stock Company Limited, Spanish Philip Corporation and other corporations with foreign capital.Nearly 138 enterprises have entered in the park, and the park has become a comprehensive industrial parkwith landscaping seedling industry as the leading industry and bonsai and rare rocks, shady flowers and plants, ornamental fish culture and turtle breeding as supplementary industries.
1.5 IPM Concept
For the purpose of agricultural development, IPM is a strategic approach to pest control and management that consists of closely related 3 stages of implementation, namely prevention, monitoring and interference. It relies on a combination of supplementary agricultural, physical, ecological and chemical practices to effectively reduce or put an end to use of pesticides, so as to reduce pollution caused by chemicals to natural environment and ecosystems.
IPM supported by the project involves the following aspects:
(1)Pest control to manage the damage to the limit of acceptable economic losses, instead of exterminating all pests and diseases;
(2)Utilizing as much as possible non-chemical means to maintain a low level of pest population;
(3)When it’s necessary to use pesticides, selection of the variety and application method should ensure that hazardous impacts on beneficial organisms, human beings and eco-environment can be reduced as far as possible.
1.6 Objectives of IPM Implementation under the Project
Implementation of IPM will make it possible to change the current practice of input and application method of agro-chemicals (chemical fertilizers, pesticides) in the production/culture processes of seedlings, ornamental fish and turtles. The Project will attend to the potential negative impacts caused by change of input and application method of agro-chemicals, and will mitigate them by introducing to the enterprises in the park more effective agro-chemicals and application techniques. Meanwhile, through introduction and demonstration of more environmentally friendly IPM techniques, the Project will help to enlarge planting/culture areas of seedlings, ornamental fish and turtles, improve quality and outputs of the forestry and aquatic products, so as to increase incomes of the enterprises that have entered in the park.
Under the Project, this PMP will be implemented in the green exhibition park sub-project area through vigorously promoting use of forest culture and management, physical and biological methods to control pests and diseases, so as to reduce reliance of seedlingsproduction and ornamental fish and turtle culture on agro-chemicals and thus pollution to the products and natural eco-environment. Therefore, preparation of this PMP is very much necessary.
2 Current Pest Management Practice in the Project Area
2.1 Main Pests Found in the Project Area
2.1.1 Current Status of Seedling Planting and Predictable Main Pests
Nanfang Green Exhibition Park is anindustrial park with trade as the major operation and production as supplementary activity. The enterprises in the park mainly conduct temporary planting of seedlings transported from their own production bases or outsourcedseedlings in the park, and selling of the living seedlings. The seedlings won’t be kept for long duration in the park. Currently, the park has over 300 kinds of seedlings regularly planted, as shown in Appendix 1. There are altogether over 400 kinds of pests predictable (see Appendix 2 for details), including 6 kinds of quarantine pests, such as Brontispa longissima,Rhynchophorus ferrugineus, Quadrastichus erythrinae, Mikania micrantha, Solenopsis wagneri,Opogona sacchari Bojer.
2.1.2 Current Status of Ornamental Fish and Testudinate Culture and Predictable Pests
There are mainly 7 kinds of ornamental fish in the Green Exhibition Park, includingCyprinidae, Tetra, Aphyosemion, Cichlaidae, Anabas testudineus, Hornpout and other ornamental fish (see Table 2-1 for details). Main culture varieties of Testudinate include Platysternidae, Emydidae, Testudinidae, Cheloniidae, Dermochelyidae and Trionychidae, etc., as shown in Table 2-2.Due to reasons relating to pond environment, water quality, feed and own conditions of the fish and turtles, diseases would occur at any stages of the culturing process, the disease and control methods are shown in Table 2-3.